Sikligar - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Added citation

2023-07-23T15:14:41Z

Added citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 23 July 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=January 2018}}{{Sikhism sidebar}}
	The '''Sikligar''' is a community found in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]] in [[~~India~~]]~~. They are also known as the ''Moyal~~ and ~~Panchal''~~. They are [[Hindu]] in Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh ~~and~~ [[Sikh]] in ~~[[Punjab, India\|~~Punjab~~]],~~ and ~~both~~ Hindu and Sikh in Haryana.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291>{{cite book \|title=People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three \|editor1-first=R. B. \|editor1-last=Lal \|editor2-first=P. B. S. V. \|editor2-last=Padmanabham \|editor3-first=G. \|editor3-last=Krishnan \|editor4-first=M. Azeez \|editor4-last=Mohideen \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=1287–1291 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC \|publisher=Popular Prakashan, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=Mumbai \|year=2003 \|isbn=9788179911068 \|series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Punjab2003pp410-414>{{cite book \|title=People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII \|editor1-first=I. J. S. \|editor1-last=Bansal \|editor2-first=Swaran \|editor2-last=Singh \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=410–414 \|publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=New Delhi \|year=2003 \|isbn=9788173041235 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw8wAQAAIAAJ \|series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Haryana1998pp453-459>{{cite book \|title=People of India Haryana Volume XXIII \|editor1-first=M. K. \|editor1-last=Sharma \|editor2-first=A. K. \|editor2-last=Bhatia \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=453–459 \|publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=New Delhi \|year=1994 \|isbn=9788173040917 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhIwAQAAIAAJ \|series=State series}}</ref>		The '''Sikligar''' (also known as '''Moyal''' or '''Panchal''') is a community found in the [[India\|Indian]] states of [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]], and [[Punjab (India)\|Punjab]]. By tradition, the Sikligar people specialized in the craft of [[weapon making\|making]] and polishing weapons. They are typically [[Hindu]] in Gujarat, [[Telangana]], and [[Andhra Pradesh]]; [[Sikh]] in Punjab; and either Hindu and Sikh in Haryana.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291>{{cite book \|title=People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three \|editor1-first=R. B. \|editor1-last=Lal \|editor2-first=P. B. S. V. \|editor2-last=Padmanabham \|editor3-first=G. \|editor3-last=Krishnan \|editor4-first=M. Azeez \|editor4-last=Mohideen \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=1287–1291 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC \|publisher=Popular Prakashan, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=Mumbai \|year=2003 \|isbn=9788179911068 \|series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Punjab2003pp410-414>{{cite book \|title=People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII \|editor1-first=I. J. S. \|editor1-last=Bansal \|editor2-first=Swaran \|editor2-last=Singh \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=410–414 \|publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=New Delhi \|year=2003 \|isbn=9788173041235 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw8wAQAAIAAJ \|series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Haryana1998pp453-459>{{cite book \|title=People of India Haryana Volume XXIII \|editor1-first=M. K. \|editor1-last=Sharma \|editor2-first=A. K. \|editor2-last=Bhatia \|others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh\|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) \|pages=453–459 \|publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India \|location=New Delhi \|year=1994 \|isbn=9788173040917 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhIwAQAAIAAJ \|series=State series}}</ref>

	== Origin ==		== Origin ==
	The [[Arabic]] word ''saiqal'' means a ''polisher'', and the Sikligar are those people who had the hereditary duty of making and maintaining weapons.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 /> Many administrators of the [[British Raj]], such as [[H. A. Rose]], [[Denzil Ibbetson]] and [[William Crooke]] wrote books that referred to the blacksmith communities as ''Lohars'', although in fact that term refers to a specific group of people and is not interchangeable.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Strategies of social change in India \|first1=Paramjit S. \|last1=Judge \|first2=Gurpreet \|last2=Bal \|publisher=M.D. Publications \|year=1996 \|isbn=978-81-7533-006-1 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lKM4aWhIH0C \|page=54 \|accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref> They were once Lohars and thus blacksmiths but split from the Lohar community and became specialist bladesmiths.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Hierarchies Within Hierarchy: Some Observations on Caste System in Rajasthan \|first=Debashis \|last=Debnath \|journal=Indian Anthropologist \|volume=25 \|issue=1 \|date=June 1995 \|pages=~~23-30~~ \|jstor=41919761}}</ref>		The [[Arabic]] word ''saiqal'' means a ''polisher'', and the Sikligar are those people who had the hereditary duty of making and maintaining weapons.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 /> Many administrators of the [[British Raj]], such as [[H. A. Rose]], [[Denzil Ibbetson]] and [[William Crooke]] wrote books that referred to the blacksmith communities as ''Lohars'', although in fact that term refers to a specific group of people and is not interchangeable.<ref>{{cite book \|title=Strategies of social change in India \|first1=Paramjit S. \|last1=Judge \|first2=Gurpreet \|last2=Bal \|publisher=M.D. Publications \|year=1996 \|isbn=978-81-7533-006-1 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lKM4aWhIH0C \|page=54 \|accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref> They were once Lohars and thus blacksmiths but split from the Lohar community and became specialist bladesmiths.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Hierarchies Within Hierarchy: Some Observations on Caste System in Rajasthan \|first=Debashis \|last=Debnath \|journal=Indian Anthropologist \|volume=25 \|issue=1 \|date=June 1995 \|pages=23–30 \|jstor=41919761}}</ref>

	They are a nomadic community, often with encampments at the edge of towns and cities. The Sikligar claim to have been [[Rajput]]s who fled from Islamic invading armies and subsequently became weapon polishers to disguise themselves from their foes. Their ancestral home is said to be the city of [[Kannauj]], but they speak [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]. The community is strictly [[Endogamy\|endogamous]] and is divided into twelve clans with equal status. These are the Kanthiwala Bhand, Mole Bhand, Gandhiwala Bhand, Jumarwala, Jilpatia, Pathlerde, Juni, Mat and Bardika clans.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 />		They are a nomadic community, often with encampments at the edge of towns and cities. The Sikligar claim to have been [[Rajput]]s who fled from Islamic invading armies and subsequently became weapon polishers to disguise themselves from their foes. Their ancestral home is said to be the city of [[Kannauj]], but they speak [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]. The community is strictly [[Endogamy\|endogamous]] and is divided into twelve clans with equal status. These are the Kanthiwala Bhand, Mole Bhand, Gandhiwala Bhand, Jumarwala, Jilpatia, Pathlerde, Juni, Mat and Bardika clans.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 />

imported>Marcocapelle: /* References */removed parent category of Category:Indian castes

2021-07-08T05:11:36Z

References: removed parent category of Category:Indian castes

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
The '''Sikligar''' is a community found in the states of [[Gujarat]], [[Haryana]], [[Rajasthan]] and [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] in [[India]]. They are also known as the ''Moyal and Panchal''. They are [[Hindu]] in Gujarat, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and [[Sikh]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], and both Hindu and Sikh in Haryana.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291>{{cite book |title=People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three |editor1-first=R. B. |editor1-last=Lal |editor2-first=P. B. S. V. |editor2-last=Padmanabham |editor3-first=G. |editor3-last=Krishnan |editor4-first=M. Azeez |editor4-last=Mohideen |others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) |pages=1287–1291 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IWrTs5yt1DkC |publisher=Popular Prakashan, for the Anthropological Survey of India |location=Mumbai |year=2003 |isbn=9788179911068 |series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Punjab2003pp410-414>{{cite book |title=People of India Punjab Volume XXXVII |editor1-first=I. J. S. |editor1-last=Bansal |editor2-first=Swaran |editor2-last=Singh |others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) |pages=410–414 |publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |year=2003 |isbn=9788173041235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uw8wAQAAIAAJ |series=State series}}</ref><ref name=Haryana1998pp453-459>{{cite book |title=People of India Haryana Volume XXIII |editor1-first=M. K. |editor1-last=Sharma |editor2-first=A. K. |editor2-last=Bhatia |others=[[Kumar Suresh Singh|Singh, Kumar Suresh]] (General Editor) |pages=453–459 |publisher=Manohar, for the Anthropological Survey of India |location=New Delhi |year=1994 |isbn=9788173040917 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhIwAQAAIAAJ |series=State series}}</ref>

== Origin ==
The [[Arabic]] word ''saiqal'' means a ''polisher'', and the Sikligar are those people who had the hereditary duty of making and maintaining weapons.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 /> Many administrators of the [[British Raj]], such as [[H. A. Rose]], [[Denzil Ibbetson]] and [[William Crooke]] wrote books that referred to the blacksmith communities as ''Lohars'', although in fact that term refers to a specific group of people and is not interchangeable.<ref>{{cite book |title=Strategies of social change in India |first1=Paramjit S. |last1=Judge |first2=Gurpreet |last2=Bal |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-7533-006-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lKM4aWhIH0C |page=54 |accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref> They were once Lohars and thus blacksmiths but split from the Lohar community and became specialist bladesmiths.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Hierarchies Within Hierarchy: Some Observations on Caste System in Rajasthan |first=Debashis |last=Debnath |journal=Indian Anthropologist |volume=25 |issue=1 |date=June 1995 |pages=23-30 |jstor=41919761}}</ref>

They are a nomadic community, often with encampments at the edge of towns and cities. The Sikligar claim to have been [[Rajput]]s who fled from Islamic invading armies and subsequently became weapon polishers to disguise themselves from their foes. Their ancestral home is said to be the city of [[Kannauj]], but they speak [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. The community is strictly [[Endogamy|endogamous]] and is divided into twelve clans with equal status. These are the Kanthiwala Bhand, Mole Bhand, Gandhiwala Bhand, Jumarwala, Jilpatia, Pathlerde, Juni, Mat and Bardika clans.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 />

According to their traditions, during the period of the Hindu deity [[Rama]] known as Haryana, there was a clan called the Chakreli. The Chakreli were the traditional manufacturers of swords and shields. The Chakreli lived in [[Chitor]], in [[Rajasthan]]. Their ancestors fled their hometown in the face of invaders, and the ancestors of the Haryana Sikligar moved into the region in ancient times. Other traditions relate that the community is of Rajput origin. According to those stories, they were Rajput soldiers in the army of [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]], and became blacksmiths after his defeat at the hands of [[Mohammed Ghori]].<ref name=Haryana1998pp453-459 />

In Punjab, the Sikligar claim to have immigrated from Rajasthan, where they manufactured swords. The community converted to Sikhism after they settled in Punjab, and are now found throughout the area, especially in the districts of [[Bathinda]], and [[Ludhiana]]. The Sikligar are now divided into a number of clans, the main ones being the Moyal, Tank, Junni, Dangi, Bhond, Bhori, Khichi, Thilipithiya, Dudani, Ghor-chare Tank, Kalyani and Churi te Biori.<ref name=Punjab2003pp410-414 />

== Present circumstances ==
The Hindu Sikligar of Gujarat continue their traditional occupation of sharpening [[Knife|knives]], [[scissors]], household articles and agricultural implements. Economically, they are extremely marginalised, with cases of child labor existing.<ref name=Gujarat2003pp1287-1291 />

The Sikligar in Haryana are now divided into two groups, the Hindu Sikligar and Sikh Sikligar. The difference in religions mean that both groups are distinct communities, with no intermarriage. Both speak the [[Haryanvi]] dialect. They are found mainly in the districts of [[Hisar (district)|Hissar]], [[Jind]], [[Rohtak]], [[Sirsa district|Sirsa]] and Mohendargarh. Settled in hamlets on the outskirts of towns and villages, living often in thatched huts, they are further divided into 84 clans, known as [[gotra]]s. The main ones being the [[Chauhan]], [[Nirban]], [[Taunk]], Kalilot, [[Mohil]], Joone, Dugoli Ke, Moyal, Padyar, Khankhara, [[Bhati]], Dhare, Khichi, Ghelot, Badke, [[Dangi (people)|Dangi]], Jaspal, Patwa, [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]], Matlana, Dagar, and Banwari. Their main occupation remains metal burnishing. They are involved in the manufacturing of implements such as spades, sickles, sieves and iron baskets. A small number are now farmers, raising poultry and cattle.<ref name=Haryana1998pp453-459 />

In [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], the Sikligar are still engaged in the manufacture of swords, knives, daggers and buckets, selling these implements directly to villagers. The Sikh Sikligar are strictly [[Endogamy|endogamous]], and practice clan [[exogamy]]; their customs are similar to other Sikh communities in Punjab. They speak [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], with most understanding [[Hindi]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Punjabi tribes]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana]]
[[Category:Sikh communities]]
[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Social groups of Haryana]]
[[Category:Social groups of Punjab, India]]