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{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict=Siege of Sambhal
|partof=[[Mughal Empire|Mughal conquests]]
|image=
|caption=
|date=1526
|place=[[Sambhal]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|result=[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] victory{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
|territory=[[Sambhal]] taken by [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]]
|combatant1=[[Mughal Empire]]{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
|combatant2=Western Afghan Confederates{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
|commander1=[[Babur]]<br>Hindu Baig
|commander2=Malik Baban Jilwani<br>Kasim Sambhali
|strength1=
|strength2=
|casualties1=Heavy
|casualties2=High
}}
{{Campaignbox Babur}}

== Background ==
[[Babur]] and his army were strangers to the people whom he had subdued in [[India]] and a mutual dislike soon manifested itself between his soldiers and the inhabitants of [[Agra]] his headquarters.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The invasion was regarded as a temporary inundation that would speedily pass off.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Every man in authority raised troops and put himself in a condition to act. Those who held delegated authority or ''Jagirs'' being generally [[Pashtun people|Afghans]] were consequently hostile to the new state of things. They soon came to an understanding among themselves and took measures for mutual cooperation.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

== Western Afghan Confederates and Allies==
Hasan Khan of [[Mewat]] in the neighborhood of [[Agra]] was the grand instigator of the opposition which was supported by Nizam Khan in Bayana; Muhammad Zaitoon of [[Dholpur]]; Tatar Khan Sarang Khani in [[Gwalior]]; Hussein Khan Lohani in [[Raberi]]; Kutb Khan in [[Etawah]]; Alim Khan Jilal Khan Jighat in [[Kalpi]]; Kasim Sambhali in [[Sambhal]] and Marghoob a slave in [[Mahawan]] within 20 km of [[Agra]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Indeed, all of these chiefs were immediately around [[Agra]] or close upon its borders. They looked for aid from Maharana Sangram Singh better known as [[Rana Sanga]], the ruler of [[Mewar]], who on his part laid claim to a great part of the right bank of the [[Yamuna]] River including [[Delhi]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} These Western Afghans wished to place Sultan [[Lodi dynasty#Mahmud Lodi|Mahmud Lodi]] a brother of the late Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]] on the throne of [[Delhi]] and so to preserve the [[Pashtun people|Afghan]] and the [[Lodi dynasty]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

== Siege ==
Babur's first active operation in the field was to dispatch a force to the relief of [[Sambhal]] a district lying beyond the [[Ganges]] in what is now called [[Rohilkhand]]. It was held by Kasim Sambhali who had formerly shown himself hostile to Babur but was glad to solicit his aid when at this time besieged in his chief town by Malik Baban Jilwani.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This powerful and active [[Pashtun people|Pathan]] chief had joined Babur after he had passed [[Sirhind]] but subsequently left him under circumstances which are not clear, but he probably was not satisfied with his reception as Babur complains with bitterness of his presumption and pretensions and of the rudeness and stupid forwardness of the [[Pathans]] in general.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} However that may be, Baban had withdrawn himself from Babur's camp had collected an army and now besieged Kasim in [[Sambhal]] which he had discovered was ill garrisoned. Kasim reduced to the last extremity applied to [[Babur]] for assistance.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The Emperor dispatched Hindu Baig with a body of [[Turkic peoples|Turks]]-[[Mughals]] along with Sheikh Kuren and his [[Doab]] Turkishbunds to his succor.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

Hindu Baig marched with all possible expedition till he reached the [[Ganges]] and while busily employed in conveying his other troops across that river sent on in advance a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] officer with a body of his countrymen.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Though the party did not exceed 150 men, they rode forward till they reached the town and such was the superiority which the invaders from the north had acquired over the troops of the country, that the [[Mughals]] had no sooner got between the town and the besiegers than they resolutely turned and charged them, though already the alarm had been given and Baban had had time to draw out his force.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The attack was so vigorous and probably the panic produced by the expected approach of the rest of the detachment so great that Baban's whole army was routed and dispersed, with several elephants taken and many slaughtered.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The ne

== Aftermath ==
Babur's success did not end here. The fortress of [[Raberi]] on the [[Yamuna]] was soon after abandoned by its garrison and occupied by his troops, and he sent detachments to besiege [[Etawah]] and [[Dholpur]], two places of the greatest importance from their vicinity to [[Agra]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} But these initial victories brought him in direct conflict with the Western and Eastern Afghan confederates at once.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} [[Babur]] then sent an army under his son [[Humayun]] who would put to flight the army of the Eastern confederates and take [[Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh|Jaunpur]], [[Oudh]], and [[Kalpi]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}

Meanwhile, the Western Afghan confederates were being gradually swallowed up by [[Rana Sanga]] in the guise of alliance and protection.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This was increasingly posing a major threat to [[Babur]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} He was justly alarmed at the progress of [[Rana Sanga]] who was in active correspondence with Hasan Khan Mewati of [[Mewat]], the chief of the Western Afghan confederacy, and had acknowledged as Mahmud Lodi as the Sultan of [[Delhi]], the brother of the late Sultan [[Ibrahim Lodi]] whom the Western Afghans had proclaimed King after his brother's death.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} This would ultimately result in the confrontation known as the [[Battle of Khanwa]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
==See also==
* [[Battle of Ghaghra]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

''TURK AUR SAMBHAL'' by Mohd Usman, 2011.

''TURK-ASIA,EUROPE,AFRICA'' by Mohd Usman Published by VANI PRAKASHAN, New Delhi, INDIA, 2011.

== Notes ==
{{Mughal Empire|state=collapsed}}

{{coord missing|Uttar Pradesh}}

''TURK AUR SAMBHAL'' by Mohd Usman, 2011.

[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:1526 in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1526]]

Siege of Sambhal - Revision history

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