Srivatsan: added initial article and citations

2026-04-19T17:16:19Z

added initial article and citations

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{{about|a siege in the 1540s|the battle in 1528|Battle of Chanderi}}
{{Short description|Suri siege in 1542–1543}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Raisen
| place = [[Raisen]]
| date = July 1542 – January 1543
| result = [[Sur Empire|Sur]] victory
| combatant1 = [[Sur Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Chanderi]] [[Rajput]]s<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&dq=Puran+Mal+Rajput&pg=PA78 | title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II | isbn=978-81-241-1066-9 | last1=Chandra | first1=Satish | date=2005 | publisher=Har-Anand Publications }}</ref>
| casualties1 = Unknown
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = Unknown
| commander1 = [[Sher Shah Suri]]
| commander2 = [[Puran Mal]]{{executed}}
| casualties2 = 10,000 [[Abd al-Qadir Badayuni]]'s claim<ref>The Wonder That Is Urdu
De Krishna S. Dhir p 58</ref>
}}

The '''siege of Raisen''' was a six-month siege led by [[Sher Shah Suri]] of the [[Sur Empire]] in 1543 against the [[Rajput]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&dq=Puran+Mal+Rajput&pg=PA78 |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |date=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1066-9 |language=en}}</ref> leader, [[Raja]] [[Puran Mal]] of [[Chanderi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8XnaL7zPXPUC&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PA181 |title=History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. |date=2002 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist |isbn=978-81-269-0123-4 |pages=181 |language=en}}</ref> At the end of the siege, Puran Mal surrendered to Sher Shah and was executed thereafter.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Agrawal |first=Ashvini |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZdCrUxFAHEC&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PA68 |title=Studies in Mughal History |date=1983 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-2326-6 |pages=68 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Luard |first1=Charles Eckford |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM3AQAAMAAJ&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=RA1-PA114 |title=Bhopal State Gazetteer ...: Text and Tables |last2=Ali (Munshi.) |first2=Kudrat |date=1908 |publisher=Superintendent Government Printing, India |pages=114 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pal |first=Vijay Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHCqEAAAQBAJ&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PA179 |title=JAUHAR: in Indian Sub-Continent |date=2023-01-30 |publisher=Shashwat Publication |isbn=978-93-93557-80-3 |pages=178–179 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2cq-babye4C&q=sher+shah+Puran |title=Sher Shah and His Successors |date=1950 |publisher=B. L. Jain |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1542, Sher Shah had [[Sher Shah Suri#Conquest and consolidation of Malwa (1542)|conquered Malwa]] and proceeded towards Chanderi to annex the region.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bose |first=Saikat K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywfsCgAAQBAJ&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PT375 |title=Boot, Hooves and Wheels: And the Social Dynamics behind South Asian Warfare |date=2015-06-20 |publisher=Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-93-84464-54-7 |language=en}}</ref> Mal had rebelled because Sher Shah had transferred him to Benares as part of his administration policy.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=Jl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-TsMl0vSc0gC&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PA170 |title=Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India |publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd |isbn=978-81-207-1015-3 |pages=170 |language=en}}</ref> Shortly after, Sher Shah besieged the fort, and Mal surrendered in January 1543<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsiXwh_tIGkC&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=RA1-PA112 |title=The Pearson Indian History Manual for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1753-0 |language=en}}</ref> and was later executed by Sher Shah.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kennedy |first=Pringle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Q4oAAAAYAAJ&dq=sher+shah+Puran&pg=PA212 |title=A History of the Great Moghuls: Or, A History of the Badshahate of Delhi from 1398 A.D. to 1739, with an Introduction Concerning the Mongols and Moghuls of Central Asia |date=1905 |publisher=Thacker, Spink |pages=212 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Matta |first=Basheer Ahmad Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VduAAAAMAAJ&q=sher+shah+Puran |title=Sher Shah Suri: A Fresh Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-597882-7 |pages=171 |language=en}}</ref>

The ensuing siege lasted several months, but in the end heavy Afghan bombardment forced Mal to seek accommodation, and on Sher Shah giving his solemn assurance that he "shall suffer no injury in property or person", Mal came out of Raisen with his family and retinue.

Sher Shah and his army withdrew as agreed. However, along the way, he encountered widows of the chiefs of Chanderi and many others who demanded justice for the tyrannies they had suffered under the rule of Puran Mal, including enslavement of Muslim women. Sher Shah's army also heard this and demanded he take action. As a result, Sher Shah ordered Isa Khan Hajjab to lead a forced march that caught up with the retreating detachment of Puran Mal.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Sir Zulfiqar Ali |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaodAAAAMAAJ |title=Sher Shah Suri, Emperor of India |date=1925 |publisher=Printed at the "Civil and Military Gazette" Press |language=en|page=53-56}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Matta |first=Basheer Ahmad Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2VduAAAAMAAJ&q=sher+shah+Puran |title=Sher Shah Suri: A Fresh Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-597882-7 |language=en|page=171}}</ref> As [[Abbas Sarwani]] describes the scene, when the Afghans surrounded his camp, Puran Mal went "into the tent of his beloved wife, Ratnavali, who sang Hindi melodies very sweetly, cut off her head," and ordered his captains also to slay their women and children. "While the Hindus were employed in putting their women and families to death, the Afghans on all sides commenced the slaughter of the Hindus. Puran Mal and his companions... failed not to exhibit valour and gallantry, but in the twinkling of an eye all were slain." Only a few women and children among the Rajputs survived. A daughter of Puran Mal who fell to the Afghans was given to [[Minstrel|minstrels]] to be brought up as a dancing girl; three of his young nephews were [[Castration|castrated]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Eraly |first=Abraham |author-link=Abraham Eraly |year=2002 |orig-year=First published 1997 |title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA91 |publisher=Penguin Books India |pages=91–92 |isbn=978-0-14-100143-2}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Sur Empire]]
[[Category:1543 in Asia]]
[[Category:1540s in India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1543]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]

Siege of Raisen - Revision history

Srivatsan: added initial article and citations