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{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Goa 1517
| partof = [[List of Portuguese battles east of the Cape of Good Hope|Portuguese Battles in the East]]
| image = File:Braun Goa HAAB.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption = Portuguese Goa in ''Civitates Orbis Terrarum'', 1572.
| date = July–September 1517<ref name="barros"/>
| place = [[Goa]], [[India]]
| result = Portuguese victory
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal (1495).svg}} [[Portuguese Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultanate of Bijapur]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Portugal (1495).svg}} Dom Guterre de Monroy
| commander2 = Çufolarim
| strength1 = Over 800 Portuguese soldiers<ref name="barros"/><ref>Castanheda, 1833, book IV, p. 17.</ref><br>Unrecorded number of Goan auxiliaries
| strength2 = 20,000<ref name="castanheda"/>-22,000<ref name="correia"/> men
*5000<ref name="castanheda"/>-2000 horse<ref name="correia"/>
*15000<ref name="castanheda"/>-20000 foot<ref name="correia"/>
| casualties1 = Few<ref name="castanheda"/>
| casualties2 = Heavy<ref name="castanheda"/><ref name="correia"/>
}}
{{Portuguese colonial campaigns}}
{{Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean}}

The '''Siege of Goa of 1517''' was an armed encounter in India between the forces of the [[Portuguese Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Sultanate of Bijapur]], who tried to recapture the capital of [[Portuguese India]]. The attempt was unsuccessful.

==Context==
The Sultanate of Bijapur, ruled by the Adil Shahi dynasty, was one of the [[Deccan sultanates]]. In the early 16th century, Bijapur was found to be harbouring at Goa [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] warriors after they had been defeated by the Portuguese at the decisive 1509 [[Battle of Diu]], and re-equipping them. As a result, the important port city was occupied by the 2nd governor of India [[Afonso de Albuquerque]].

In 1517, Albuquerques successor [[Lopo Soares de Albergaria]] sailed to the [[Red Sea]] with a large armada. While he was away with the bulk of Portuguese forces, the captain of Goa Dom Guterre de Monroy raided the neighbouring lands of Bijapur and [[Ismail Adil Shah]] who had just signed a peace with the neighbouring Sultan of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] sought to recapture the city.<ref name="barros"/><ref name="castanheda"/><ref name="correia"/> He gathered an army of 20,000 to 22,000 men and tasked the mission to a general the Portuguese identified as ''Sufo Larij''<ref name="barros"/> or ''Çufolarim''.<ref name="castanheda"/><ref name="correia">Gaspar Correia: ''Lendas da Índia'', book II, tome II, part II, Typografia da Academia Real das Sciencias, Lisboa, 1861, pp. 514-517</ref>

==The siege==
When the captain of Goa Dom Guterre de Monroy became aware of the approach of the enemy army, whose commander was a friend of his, he dispatched 100 men on 10 oarships to the Banastarim fording to prevent them from wading across to [[Tiswadi]] island, on which the city of Goa stood.<ref name="castanheda"/> A first engagement took place between the opposing forces at Benastarim.<ref name="castanheda"/> Fearing that the enemy might cross over on rafts, a few days later, Dom Guterre had all the fording points garrisoned.<ref name="castanheda"/>

Supplies in the city were requisitioned, spies wer sent to the enemy camp, the native auxiliary militia was mobilized and the women and children of all Hindus and Muslims, 20,000 persons in all, were closed within the city walls, to prevent any mutinies or uprisings.<ref name="correia"/><ref name="castanheda"/> Because the Bijapur army was heavily spied, the Portuguese ships always sailed to wherever Çufolarim attempted to put barges on the water.<ref name="castanheda"/>

By request of the auxiliaries, Dom Guterre decreed that one gold ''pardao'' would be offered for the head of each warrior brought back from the enemy camp.<ref name="castanheda"/> As the auxiliaries were similar to the enemy soldiers, they moved back and forth between camps with great ease, and a great sum was spent paying for the heads brought back. Dom Guterre wrote to Çufolarim asking "why was he taking so long to cross over", and Çufolarim replied with a letter written in a script that the Portuguese could not read.<ref name="castanheda"/>

Çufolarim then erected [[artillery]] batteries to bombard the [[Fort of São Tiago of Banastarim|Benastarim fort]], but as the pieces were light, they did little damage.<ref name="barros"/><ref name="castanheda"/><ref name="correia"/> An auxiliary commander named Ralu managed to ambush with ten men an artillery wagon crew that was bringing a heavy piece to the Bijapur camp. Portuguese counter-batteries caused great damage on their own right.<ref name="castanheda"/>
[[File:Codice Casanatense Foot-Soldier of Goa.jpg|thumb|16th century Portuguese depiction of the native militiamen of Goa, depicted in the [[Códice Casanatense]].]]
With the arrival of Portuguese ships in August, with over 400 men in reinforcements, the Portuguese intensified their attacks on enemy positions and seeing how little damage was being made to Portuguese defenses, the Sultan of Bijapur ordered Çufolarim to sign a new peace with the Portuguese and withdraw.<ref name="castanheda">Fernão Lopes de Castanheda: ''História do Descobrimento e Conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses'', 1833 edition, Typographia Rollandiana, book IV, pp. 44-52.</ref><ref name="correia"/><ref name="barros">João de Barros: ''Década Terceira Da Ásia'' book I, 1777 ed. pp. 83-84.</ref>

==Aftermath==
The good service rendered by the native Goan militia greatly increased their worth and reputation in the eyes of the Portuguese.<ref name="castanheda"/> The sultans of Bijapur would siege Goa several more times in the future, always unsuccessfully.

==See also==
*[[Portuguese India]]
*[[Portuguese conquest of Goa]]
*[[War of the League of the Indies]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Battles involving Portugal]]
[[Category:Sieges involving Portugal]]
[[Category:1517 in the Portuguese Empire]]
[[Category:1517 in Portuguese India]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1517|Goa]]
[[Category:Colonial Goa]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1510]]
[[Category:History of Goa]]
[[Category:1517 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving Portuguese India]]
[[Category:16th century in Portuguese India]]

Siege of Goa (1517) - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article