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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Shyam Sunder Kapoor
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|6|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence = [[Deonar]], [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| nationality = [[Indian nationality|Indian]]
| fields = {{ublist | [[Nuclear physics]] | [[Particle physics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] | [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] | [[Heidelberg University]] | [[Indian National Science Academy]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Agra University]] | [[University of Bombay]] | [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] | [[University of California, Berkeley]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | [[Raja Ramanna]] }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[nuclear fission]] and heavy-ion physics
| awards = {{ublist| 1983 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | 1996 Goyal Prize | 2006 R. D. Birla Award }}
}}
'''Shyam Sunder Kapoor''' (born 14 June 1938) is an Indian nuclear physicist and a former director of [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]]. Known for his research on [[Nuclear fission|fission]] and heavy-ion physics, Kapoor is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies – [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], [[Indian National Science Academy]] and [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] – as well as the [[Institute of Physics]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to Physical Sciences in 1983.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | accessdate=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link – please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==
[[File:UC-Berkeley-017-stanley-hall-college-of-chemistry-LBL.jpg|thumb|235px|left|UC-Berkeley – Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]
S. S. Kapoor, born on 14 June 1938, earned an MSc from [[Agra University]] in physics in 1958 before starting his career in 1959 at [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]] (then known as Atomic Energy Establishment).<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N84-0359 |title=Indian fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> While on service, he pursued his doctoral studies mentored by [[Raja Ramanna]], who would later spearhead India's first successful nuclear program, [[Smiling Buddha]], in 1974.<ref name="Dr. Raja Ramanna">{{Cite web |url=http://www.barc.gov.in/leaders/rammana.html |title=Dr. Raja Ramanna |date=2017 |publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre}}</ref> After securing a PhD in 1963, he took a sabbatical from work and did his post-doctoral studies in [[nuclear fission]] at [[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]] of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] from 1964 where he worked at the [[Cyclotron|cyclotron accelerator]] and returned to BARC in 1966 to resume his service. He became the director in charge of Physics Group as well as Electronics and Instrumentation Group in 1990 and served out his regular service at BARC, holding the position until his superannuation in 2000.<ref name="Quarterly Newsletter">{{Cite web |url=http://indiannuclearsociety.in/Vol%206%20No%202%20April-June-2009.pdf |title=Quarterly Newsletter |date=2009 |publisher=Indian Nuclear Society |page=5}}</ref> He also served as the head of the nuclear physics division and as the project director of Pelletron Accelerator facility, a BARC centre located in [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] campus.<ref name="Indian fellow"/> In between, he had a short stint abroad as a visiting scientist at Physikalische Institute of the [[University of Heidelberg]] during 1980–81. Post-retirement, he continued his association with BARC, holding the [[Department of Atomic Energy|DAE]]-[[Homi J. Bhabha|Homi Bhabha]] chair from 2000 to 2005.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> Subsequently, he took up the position of a senior scientist with [[Indian National Science Academy]] and in June 2008, he was made an honorary scientist by the academy.<ref name="Contributor profile">{{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PR42|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=42–}}</ref>

Kapoor lives in [[Deonar]], a suburban town of [[Mumbai]], in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/fellows.asp?RsFilter=K |title=NASI fellows |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Fission chain reaction.svg|thumb|180px|A schematic nuclear fission chain reaction]]
Kapoor's work has been mainly in the fields of [[nuclear fission]].<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999}}</ref> He studied heavy-ion fusion-fission dynamics, [[nuclear shell model]]s and radiation detectors as well as particle accelerators and was associated with several accelerators including cyclotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, [[GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research|Universal Linear Accelerator, Darmstadt]], BARC heavy-ion accelerator at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and
Tandem-Linac accelerator at [[Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro|Legnaro National Laboratories]] ([[INFN]]), during various periods of time.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> His research assisted in widening the understanding of light-charged particles and large scale nuclear motion and his contributions are reported in the development of a new faster process for nuclear splitting.<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=150 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and the article repository of Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 137 of them.<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Kapoor=3AShyam_Sunder=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> Besides, he has published a book, ''Nuclear Radiation Detectors'',<ref name="KapoorRamamurthy1986">{{cite book|author1=S.S. Kapoor|author2=V. S. Ramamurthy|title=Nuclear Radiation Detectors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RX5Xdo030X0C&pg=PA238|date=April 1986|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-0-85226-496-6|pages=238–}}</ref> which is now a prescribed text for academic studies in many institutions such as [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]],<ref name="Syllabus 1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.msubaroda.ac.in/news.php?action=download_file&file_id=2311 |title=Syllabus 1 |date=2017 |publisher=Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda}}</ref> [[Maharshi Dayanand University]],<ref name="Syllabus 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mdurohtak.ac.in/pdf/Syllabus_pdf/Scheme%20&%20Syllabus%20B%20Sc%20Pass%20Course%20V%20to%20VI%202015-16.pdf |title=Syllabus 2 |date=2017 |publisher=Maharshi Dayanand University}}</ref> [[Savitribai Phule Pune University]]<ref name="Syllabus 3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.unipune.ac.in/Syllabi_PDF/revised_2013/sci/4_M.Sc.%20I%20Physics.pdf |title=Syllabus 3 |date=2017 |publisher=Savitribai Phule Pune University}}</ref> and [[Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology]].<ref name="Syllabus 4">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dcrustm.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/M-Sc-Physics.pdf |title=Syllabus 4 |date=2017 |publisher=Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology}}</ref> He has also contributed chapters to books published by others<ref name="Mitra2009">{{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA303|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=303–}}</ref> and his work has drawn citations from other scientists.<ref name="Praharaj2003">{{cite book|author=C. R. Praharaj|title=Contemporary Nuclear Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1E4OrkuHg0C&pg=PA31|date=September 2003|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-8493-1710-1|pages=31–}}</ref><ref name="Hans2008">{{cite book|author=H. S. Hans|title=Nuclear Physics: Experimental And Theoretical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E3lNb2rZrrAC&pg=PA407|date=1 January 2008|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1320-5|pages=407–}}</ref><ref name="Bromley2012">{{cite book|author=D.A. Bromley|title=Treatise on Heavy-Ion Science: Volume 4 Extreme Nuclear States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCvvBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA236|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4615-8097-3|pages=236–}}</ref>

Kapoor was the head of the Indian scientific delegation from BARC at [[PHENIX detector|PHENIX collaboration]] of [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]], which was the largest experiment which collected data at [[Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider]] (RHIC).<ref name="Indian fellow" /> He led the team which established the BARC pelletron accelerator facility at TIFR in 1989 and the facility has since evolved into a prominent Indian base of heavy-ion research.<ref name="Asset Bulletin">{{Cite web |url=http://www.asset.org.in/Archtechts%20of%20Indian%20Nuclear%20Programme.pdf |title=Asset Bulletin |date=2017 |publisher=Asset |page=20}}</ref> He was the coordinator of the committee which oversaw the development of [[Accelerator-driven subcritical reactor|Accelerator-driven reactor systems]] in India. He was a member of the International Nuclear Data Committee (INDC) of the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] (IAEA) from 1985 to 2000 and chaired the committee during 1994–97.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> He is a founder member of the Asian Committee for Future Accelerator (ACFA)<ref name="Members (from April 1996 to March 1998">{{Cite web |url=http://www.acfa-forum.net/members/Members%20(1996-1998).pdf |title=Members (from April 1996 to March 1998 |date=2017 |publisher=Asian Committee for Future Accelerator}}</ref> and was involved in the evolution of the committee during its formative years.<ref name="Minutes of the 1st ACFA Plenary Meeting">{{Cite web |url=http://www.acfa-forum.net/activities/minutes_1st_plenary_meeting.pdf |title=Minutes of the 1st ACFA Plenary Meeting |date=2017 |publisher=Asian Committee for Future Accelerator}}</ref> He has been a member of the cost-review team of [[International Linear Collider]] and sat in the phase II technical committee of Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) in 2004.<ref name="Technical Committee for Phase II">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iuac.res.in/reports/ar/2004/Appendix-1.rtf |title=Technical Committee for Phase II |date=2017 |publisher=Inter-University Accelerator Centre}}</ref> He presided the Indian Physics Association during 1997–99<ref name="IPA President">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipa1970.org.in/pastexlist.php |title=IPA President |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Physics Association}}</ref> and the physics section of the 81st [[Indian Science Congress]] held at Jaipur in 1994 and is a life member of the Indian Society for Radiation Physics.<ref name="List of Life Members of ISRP">{{Cite web |url=http://www.isrp.in/listofmembers.pdf |title=List of Life Members of ISRP |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Society for Radiation Physics}}</ref> A former member of the council of the Indian National Science Academy (1996–98), Kapoor has delivered several keynote or invited speeches which included the Founder's Day Address at [[Bhabha Atomic Research Centre]]<ref name="Founder's Day Address">{{Cite web |url=http://www.barc.gov.in/presentations/kapoorspeach.html |title=Founder's Day Address |date=2017 |publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre}}</ref> and DAE- Raja Ramanna Lecture in Physics on ''Frontiers in nuclear fission, superheavy nuclei and nuclear energy'' at [[Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research]], both in 2003.<ref name="DAE- Raja Ramanna Lecture">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jncasr.ac.in/blank_page.php/DAE--Raja-Ramanna-Lecture-in-Physics/68/1/ |title=DAE- Raja Ramanna Lecture |date=2017 |publisher=Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research |access-date=28 April 2017}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Kapoor was elected by the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] as their fellow in 1974.<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Kapoor,_Dr_Shyam_Sunder |title=Fellow profile |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1983.<ref name="CSIR list of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> He became an elected fellow of the remaining two major Indian science academies a decade apart, with Indian National Science Academy fellowship reaching him in 1984<ref name="INSA Year Book 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> followed by the fellowship of the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] in 1994.<ref name="NASI Year Book 2015">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI Year Book 2015 |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India}}</ref> He received the Goyal Prize of [[Kurukshetra University]] in 1996<ref name="Goyal Prize">{{Cite web |url=http://kuk.ac.in/userfiles/file/news/goyal%20prize%202008.pdf |title=Goyal Prize |date=2017 |publisher=Kurukshetra University}}</ref> and R. D. Birla Award in 2006.<ref name="Quarterly Newsletter" /> He is also a fellow of the [[Institute of Physics]].<ref name="Indian fellow" />

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{cite book|author1=S.S. Kapoor|author2=V. S. Ramamurthy|title=Nuclear Radiation Detectors|date=April 1986|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-0-85226-496-6|pages=238–}}

=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|author=Asoke Nath Mitra|title=India in the World of Physics: Then and Now|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRLPM6s7hWAC&pg=PA303|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1579-6|pages=303–}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last=S. S. Kapoor, H. R. Bowman, S. G. Thompson |title=Emission of '''''K''''' X Rays and Division of Nuclear Charge in the Spontaneous Fission of 252 Cf |journal=Physical Review |publication-date=1965 |volume=140 |issue=5B |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.140.B1310}}
* {{Cite journal |last=S. S. Kapoor, S. K. Kataria, S. R. S. Murthy, D. M. Nadkarni, V. S. Ramamurthy, P. N. Rama Rao |title=Studies of the Times of Emission and Multiplicities of '''''K''''' X Rays from Fission Fragments of Specified Atomic Numbers |journal=Physical Review C |year=1971 |publication-date=1971 |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=2165–2175 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.4.2165}}
* {{Cite journal |last=S. S. Kapoor, J. N. De |title=Energy loss, nucleon exchange, and neutron-proton correlation in heavy-ion reactions |journal=Physical Review C |year=1982 |publication-date=1982 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=172–177 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.26.172}}
* {{Cite journal |last=V. S. Ramamurthy, S. S. Kapoor, R. K. Choudhury, A. Saxena, D. M. Nadkarni, A. K. Mohanty, B. K. Nayak, S. V. Sastry, S. Kailas, A. Chatterjee, P. Singh, A. Navin |title=Entrance-channel dependence of fission-fragment anisotropies: A direct experimental signature of fission before equilibration |journal=Physical Review Letters |year=1990 |publication-date=1990 |volume=65 |issue=1–2 |pages=25–28 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.25|pmid=10042163 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=A. Chatterjee, A. Navin, S. Kailas, P. Singh, D. C. Biswas, A. Karnik, S. S. Kapoor |title=Precision charged particle emission in 19F+232Th |journal=Physical Review C |publication-date=1995 |volume=52 |issue=6 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.52.3167|pmid=9970862 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=R. Vandenbosch, J. D. Bierman, J. P. Lestone, J. F. Liang, D. J. Prindle, A. A. Sonzogni, S. Kailas, D. M. Nadkarni, S. S. Kapoor |title=Disappearance of entrance channel dependence of fission fragment anisotropies at well-above-barrier energies |journal=Physical Review C |year=1996 |publication-date=1996 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=R977–R980 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.54.R977|pmid=9971495 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=S. S. Kapoor |title=Seventy-five years of nuclear fission |journal=Pramana |year=2015 |publication-date=2015 |volume=85 |issue=2 |pages=191–198 |doi=10.1007/s12043-015-1025-5 |s2cid=116998116 |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/pram/085/02/0191-0198}}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Nuclear radiation]]
* [[Pelletron]]
* [[Particle accelerator]]
* [[Nuclear power plant]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Physics}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=https://journals.aps.org/search/results?sort=relevance&clauses=%5B%7B%22operator%22:%22AND%22,%22field%22:%22author%22,%22value%22:%22S.%20S.%20Kapoor%22%7D%5D |title=author:S. S. Kapoor |date=2017 |publisher=American Physical Society |work=Author profile}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.barc.gov.in/presentations/kapoorspeach.html |title=Founder's Day 2003 |date=2003 |publisher=Bhabha Atomic Research Centre |work=S.S. Kapoor's Speech}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}
{{authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Shyam Sunder}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:People from Agra district]]
[[Category:Indian nuclear physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research faculty]]
[[Category:Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University faculty]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute of Physics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Shyam Sunder Kapoor - Revision history

->Citation bot: Add: s2cid, doi, pmid, pages, year. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni | #UCB_Category 995/3810