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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Shyam Sundar Rai
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|3|16}}
| birth_place = [[Chandauli]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| nationality = [[Indian nationality|Indian]]
| fields = {{ublist | [[Seismology]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | [[National Geophysical Research Institute]] | [[University of Kiel]] | [[Hirosaki University]] | [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research|IISER Pune]] }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | [[Banaras Hindu University]] |[[IIT Roorkee]] | [[IIT Dhanbad]] | [[University of Toronto]] }}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on the seismic structure of Indian continental [[lithosphere]]
| awards = {{ublist | 1988 [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]] Young Scientist Award | 1991 [[Krishnan Medal]] | 1996 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize|S. S. Bhatnagar Prize]] | 2004 National Geoscience Award | 2006 [[Government of Andhra Pradesh|GoAP]] Scientist Award | 2016 National Award in Geoscience and Technology }}
}}
'''Shyam Sundar Rai''' (born 1954, Chandauli, U.P) is an Indian [[seismologist]] and a former chair professor (now an [[emeritus professor]]) at the department of Earth and Climate Science of the [[Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune]].<ref name="Faculty Details IISER">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/people/faculty-details/127 |title=Faculty Details IISER |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research}}</ref> He is known for his researches on the [[seismic]] structure of Indian continental [[lithosphere]]<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=247 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref> and is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies viz. [[Indian National Science Academy]],<ref name="Indian fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail.php?id=P09-1491 |title=Indian fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref> [[Indian Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Rai,_Dr_Shyam_Sundar |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> and the [[National Academy of Sciences, India]]<ref name="NASI fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasi.org.in/Year%20Book%202015.pdf |title=NASI fellows |date=2016 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences, India}}</ref> as well as of the [[Indian Geophysical Union]].<ref name="IGU fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://www.igu.in/igu_directory.pdf |title=IGU fellows |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Geophysical Union}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences in 1996.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}}

== Biography ==

S. S. Rai, born on 16 March 1954 in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. graduated in science (BSc hons) from [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1973 and obtained a master's degree in engineering (MTech) from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee]] (then known as the University of Roorkee) in 1977.<ref name="Faculty profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/~shyamsrai/ |title=Faculty profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science Education and Research}}</ref> He started his career as a senior scientific assistant at the [[National Geophysical Research Institute]] (NGRI) of the [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] and stayed with the institute for the rest of his career.<ref name="Biography">{{Cite web |url=http://rectt.ngri.res.in:8080/people/bio.jsp?user=500 |title=Biography |date=2016 |publisher=National Geophysical Research Institute}}</ref> Simultaneously, he did his doctoral studies at the [[Indian School of Mines]] to secure a PhD in 1988. He also had three stints abroad; as a [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] fellow at the [[University of Toronto]] in 1981, as a [[German Academic Exchange Service]] fellow at the [[University of Kiel]] during 1986–88 and as a [[Japan Society for the Promotion of Science]] senior fellow at [[Hirosaki University]] in 1998. He held various positions of a junior scientist to Chief scientist at NGRI before his superannuation in 2014. In between, he also served as a professor at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research]] (IISER) Kolkata during 2009–10. He moved to the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune as founding Chair and Professor ( 2014-2019) of the Department of Earth and Climate Science.<ref name="National Award for Geoscience & Technology">{{Cite web |url=http://www.moes.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Shyam_Sundar_Rai.pdf |title=National Award for Geoscience & Technology |date=2016 |publisher=Ministry of Earth Sciences}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Continental-continental convergence Fig21contcont.gif|235px|thumb|Continental collision]]
Rai's researches have been focusing on the seismic structure of Indian continental [[lithosphere]] and his work has assisted in widening the understanding of its [[geotectonic]] evolution.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999}}</ref> His later studies on the [[seismic tomography]] of the region provided explanations to Indo-Asian [[continental collision]].<ref name="Indian fellow" /> These studies are known to have helped in developing methodologies to target ''mineralized zones, ground water aquifers and kimberlite pipes''. His contributions are reported in the preparation of a 3-D velocity image of the Indian subcontinent, identification and demarcation of Indian lithosphere in Western Tibet, and the later day exploration of diamond bearing [[Kimberlite]]s in the eastern [[Dharwar]] [[Craton]] of South India.<ref name="National Award for Geoscience & Technology" /> His studies have been detailed in several peer-reviewed articles;<ref name="Browse by Fellow">{{Cite web |url=http://repository.ias.ac.in/view/fellows/Rai=3AShyam_Sundar=3A=3A.html |title=Browse by Fellow |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} [[ResearchGate]] and [[Google Scholar]], two online repositories of scientific articles, have listed 478<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shyam_Sundar |title=On ResearchGate |date=2016 }}</ref> and 98 of them respectively.<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.ae/citations?user=XCJ4s_YAAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2016 |publisher=Google Scholar}}</ref> He was associated with the Indian Academy of Sciences as a member of its sectional committee during 1999–2002 and 2008–09 and as a council member during 2013–15. He also sat in the council of the Indian National Science Academy during 2011–13.<ref name="National Award for Geoscience & Technology" />

== Awards and honors ==
Rai, who held the Senior Associateship of the [[Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] during 1994–2008 and the J. C. Bose National fellowship in 2010,<ref name="National Award for Geoscience & Technology" /> received the Young Scientist Award of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1988 and the [[Krishnan Medal]] of the Indian Geophysical Union in 1991.<ref name="Krishnan Medal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.igu.in/awards.htm |title=Krishnan Medal |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Geophysical Union}}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] honored him again in 1996 with the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards.<ref name="Earth Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |title=Earth Sciences |date=2016 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200915/http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Earth_SCIENCES.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[Ministry of Mines (India)|Ministry of Mines]] awarded him the National Geoscience Award in 2004<ref name="National Geoscience Award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mines.nic.in/writereaddata/Content/A_NationalGeoscience_Awardees1995-2012.pdf |title=National Geoscience Award |date=2016 |publisher=Ministry of Mines (India) |page=55 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130132938/http://www.mines.nic.in/writereaddata/Content/A_NationalGeoscience_Awardees1995-2012.pdf |archive-date=30 November 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and the Scientist Award of the Government of Andhra Pradesh reached him two years later.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> In 2016, the [[Ministry of Earth Sciences]] awarded him the National Award in Geoscience and Technology.<ref name="Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://www.moes.gov.in/content/prof-shyam-sundar-rai |title=Profile of the Awardee |date=2016 |publisher=Ministry of Earth Sciences}}</ref> The Indian Academy of Sciences elected him as its fellow in 1996<ref name="Fellow profile" /> and the other two major Indian science academies, the National Academy of Sciences, India<ref name="NASI fellows" /> and the Indian National Science Academy, followed suit in 2005 and 2009 respectively.<ref name="Indian fellow" /> He is also an elected fellow of [[Indian Geophysical Union]].<ref name="IGU fellows" /> The Indian National Science Academy honored him with Professor K. Naha Memorial Award in 2019. The IIT( Roorkee) and IIT (ISM, Dhanbad) honored Professor Rai with their Distinguished Alumnus award.

== Selected bibliography ==
* {{Cite journal |author1=Prakasam, K. S. |author2=Rai, S. S. |title=Teleseismic delay-time tomography of the upper mantle beneath Southeastern India: imprint of Indo-Antarctica rifting |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=1998 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=20–30 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.1331453.x|bibcode=1998GeoJI.133...20P |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Rai, S. S. |author2=Singh, Sunil K. |author3=Rajagopal Sarma, P. V. S. S. |author4=Srinagesh, D. |author5=Reddy, K. N. S. |author6=Prakasam, K. S. |author7=Satyanarayana, Y. |title=What triggers Koyna region earthquakes? Preliminary results from seismic tomography digital array |journal=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Earth and Planetary Sciences |date=1999 |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1007/BF02840820|doi-broken-date=31 October 2021 }}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Mitra, S. |author2=Priestley, K. |author3=Gaur, V. K. |author4=Rai, S. S. |author5=Haines, J. |title=Variation of rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion and seismic heterogeneity of the Indian crust and uppermost mantle |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=2006 |volume=164 |issue=1 |pages=88–98 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02837.x|bibcode=2006GeoJI.164...88M |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Kiselev, S. |author2=Vinnik, L. |author3=Oreshin, S. |author4=Gupta, S. |author5=Rai, S. S. |author6=Singh, A. |author7=Kumar, M. R. |author8=Mohan, G. |title=Lithosphere of the Dharwar craton by joint inversion of P and S receiver functions |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=2008 |volume=173 |issue=3 |pages=1106–1118 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03777.x|bibcode=2008GeoJI.173.1106K |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |author1=Ashish |author2=Padhi, Amit |author3=Rai, S. S. |author4=Gupta, Sandeep |title=Seismological evidence for shallow crustal melt beneath the Garhwal High Himalaya, India: implications for the Himalayan channel flow |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=2009 |volume=177 |issue=3 |pages=1111–1120 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04112.x|bibcode=2009GeoJI.177.1111A |doi-access=free }}

== See also ==
* [[Plate tectonics]]
{{portal|India|Geology}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|50em}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Cite web |url=http://moes.gov.in/awards?field_award_achivement_tid=114 |title=Annual Awards 2016 |date=2016 |publisher=Ministry of Earth Sciences}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Shyam Sundar}}
[[Category:Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune faculty]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean & Planetary Sciences]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Indian scientific authors]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Geophysical Union]]
[[Category:Scientists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee alumni]]
[[Category:University of Toronto people]]
[[Category:University of Kiel]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian seismologists]]
[[Category:Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad alumni]]

Shyam Sundar Rai - Revision history

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