Addie15A4298: improve formatting after review and corrected details based on references

2026-03-24T08:58:18Z

improve formatting after review and corrected details based on references

->Arjun Madathiparambil Muraleedharan at 12:29, 9 January 2022

2022-01-09T12:29:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:59, 9 January 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2020}}
	{{Infobox officeholder		{{Infobox officeholder
	\| honorific-prefix =		\| honorific-prefix =
	\| name = Shripad ~~Amrit~~ Dange		\| name = Shripad Amrut Dange
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =
	\| honorific-suffix =		\| honorific-suffix =
	\| image = S.A. Dange.jpg		\| image = S.A. Dange.jpg
	\| imagesize = 200px		\| imagesize = 200px
	\| office = Chairman of the~~<br/>[[~~Communist Party of India]]		\| office = [[Communist Party of India\|Chairman of the Communist Party of India]]
	\| predecessor = Position established		\| predecessor = Position established
	\| successor = Position abolished		\| successor = Position abolished
	\| term_start = 1962		\| term_start = 25 February 1962
	\| term_end = 1981		\| term_end = 28 November 1981
	\| ~~constituency_MP2~~ = [[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)\|~~Bombay~~ Central ~~South~~]]		\| office2 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
	~~\| parliament2 = Indian~~		\| constituency2 = [[Mumbai South Central (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Mumbai South Central]]
	\| term_start2 = ~~4 March~~ 1967		\| term_start2 = 5 Apr 1967
	\| term_end2 = ~~27 December 1970~~		\| term_end2 = 5 April 1977
	\| predecessor2 = [[Vithal Balkrishna Gandhi]]		\| predecessor2 = [[Vithal Balkrishna Gandhi]]
	\| successor2 = [[Abdul Kader Salebhoy]]		\| successor2 = [[Abdul Kader Salebhoy]]
	\| ~~constituency_MP3~~ = [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)\|~~Bombay~~ Central]]		\| office3 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
	~~\| parliament3 = Indian~~		\| constituency3 = [[Mumbai North Central (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Mumbai North Central]]
	\| term_start3 = 5 Apr 1957		\| term_start3 = 5 Apr 1957
	\| term_end3 = 31 March 1962		\| term_end3 = 31 March 1962
	\| predecessor3 = [[Jayashri Raiji\|Jayashri Naishadh Raiji]]		\| predecessor3 = [[Jayashri Raiji\|Jayashri Naishadh Raiji]]
	\| successor3 = [[Vithal Balkrishna Gandhi]]		\| successor3 = [[Vithal Balkrishna Gandhi]]
	\| birth_date = {{Birth-date\|10 October 1899}}		\| birth_date = {{Birth-date\|10 October 1899}}
	\| birth_place = Karanjgaon, ~~[[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]<br/><small>(now~~ [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]~~)</small>~~		\| birth_place = Karanjgaon, [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
	\| death_date = {{Death-date and age\|22 May 1991\|10 October 1899}}		\| death_date = {{Death-date and age\|22 May 1991\|10 October 1899}}
	\| death_place = [[~~Bombay~~]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]		\| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
	\| spouse = Ushatai Dange		\| spouse = Ushatai Dange
	\|children = [[Roza Vidyadhar Deshpande]]		\| children = [[Roza Vidyadhar Deshpande]]
	\| party = [[Communist Party of India]]		\| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
	\| awards = [[Order of Lenin]]		\| awards = [[Order of Lenin]]
	}}		}}

	{{Indcom}}		{{Indcom}}
	'''Shripad ~~Amrit~~ Dange''' (10 October 1899 – 22 May 1991) was a founding member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) and a stalwart of [[Indian Trade Unions\|Indian trade union movement]]. During the [[~~British Raj~~]], Dange was arrested by the ~~British~~ authorities for [[communist]] and trade union activities and was jailed for an overall period of 13 years.		'''Shripad Amrut Dange''' (10 October 1899 – 22 May 1991) was an Indian Politician who was a founding member of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI) and a stalwart of [[Indian Trade Unions\|Indian trade union movement]]. During the [[19th century]], Dange was arrested by the authorities for [[communist]] and trade union activities and was jailed for an overall period of 13 years.

	After India's Independence, a series of events like [[Sino-Soviet split]], [[Sino-Indian war]], and the revelation that while in jail, Dange had written letters to the British Government, offering them cooperation, led to a split in the Communist Party of India, in 1964. The breakaway [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)) emerged stronger both in terms of membership and their performance in the [[Indian Elections]]. Dange, who remained the Chairman of the CPI till 1978, was removed in that year because the majority of party workers were against Dange's political line of supporting [[Indian National Congress]], and [[Indira Gandhi]], the then Congress Prime Minister. He was expelled from the CPI in 1981. He joined the [[All India Communist Party]] (AICP), and later, [[United Communist Party of India]]. Towards the end, Dange got increasingly marginalised in the Indian Communist movement. He was also a well-known writer and was the founder of ''Socialist'' the first socialist weekly in India. Dange played an important role in the formation of [[Maharashtra]] state.		After India's Independence, a series of events like [[Sino-Soviet split]], [[Sino-Indian war]], and the revelation that while in jail, Dange had written letters to the British Government, offering them cooperation, led to a split in the Communist Party of India, in 1964. The breakaway [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)) emerged stronger both in terms of membership and their performance in the [[Indian Elections]]. Dange, who remained the Chairman of the CPI till 1978, was removed in that year because the majority of party workers were against Dange's political line of supporting [[Indian National Congress]], and [[Indira Gandhi]], the then Congress Prime Minister. He was expelled from the CPI in 1981. He joined the [[All India Communist Party]] (AICP), and later, [[United Communist Party of India]]. Towards the end, Dange got increasingly marginalised in the Indian Communist movement. He was also a well-known writer and was the founder of ''Socialist'' the first socialist weekly in India. Dange played an important role in the formation of [[Maharashtra]] state.
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	===Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case===		===Kanpur Bolshevik conspiracy case===
	On 17 March 1924, M.N. Roy, S.A. Dange, [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)\|Muzaffar Ahmed]], Nalini Gupta, [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Singaravelu Chettiar]], Ghulam Hussain and others were charged, in what was called the [[Cawnpore]] (now spelt [[Kanpur]]) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution."		On 17 March 1924, [[M. N. Roy]], S.A. Dange, [[Muzaffar Ahmed (politician)\|Muzaffar Ahmed]], Nalini Gupta, [[Shaukat Usmani]], [[Singaravelu Chettiar]], Ghulam Hussain and others were charged, in what was called the [[Cawnpore]] (now spelt [[Kanpur]]) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from imperialistic Britain by a violent revolution."

	The case attracted interest of the people towards Comintern plan to bring about violent revolution in India. Communist trials had taken place in India, in frontier towns like [[Peshawar]] where Russian trained [[~~muhajir~~ people\|muhajir]] communists were put on trial. "But no case had attracted public gaze like the Kanpur case. Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned such a large scale about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India."<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O.P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336</ref>		The case attracted interest of the people towards Comintern plan to bring about violent revolution in India. Communist trials had taken place in India, in frontier towns like [[Peshawar]] where Russian trained [[Muhajir (Urdu-speaking people)\|muhajir]] communists were put on trial. "But no case had attracted public gaze like the Kanpur case. Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned such a large scale about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India."<ref name="Ralhan, O.P.">Ralhan, O.P. (ed.) ''Encyclopedia of Political Parties'' New Delhi: Anmol Publications p. 336</ref>

	Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M.N. Roy was out of the country and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in [[Kabul]] and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to the Indian masses.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Dange was released from prison in 1925.		Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M.N. Roy was out of the country and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in [[Kabul]] and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to the Indian masses.<ref name="Ralhan, O.P."/> Dange was released from prison in 1925.
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	Controversies continued to dog Dange even after death. In what were supposedly based on [[KGB]] documents, notes smuggled out by former KGB spy [[Vasili Mitrokhin]] at the time of his defection to Britain, [[Christopher Andrew (historian)\|Christopher Andrew]] published, in 2005, a book<ref>A sequel to the earlier book ''Mitrokhin Archive'' published in 1999</ref> [[Mitrokhin Archive\|''Mitrokhin Archive II'']], that contained details of alleged transactions between the CPI and the KGB during 1975-76, and it claimed that the money exchanged was between 4 to 8 lakh rupees a month. The supposed KGB papers claim that deceased CPI leaders Dange and C. Rajeswara Rao regularly received bribes and favours from the Russians in the mid-1970s and Dange even issued receipts for the money he received. This money changed hands from car windows in desolate areas near New Delhi, the book claimed.		Controversies continued to dog Dange even after death. In what were supposedly based on [[KGB]] documents, notes smuggled out by former KGB spy [[Vasili Mitrokhin]] at the time of his defection to Britain, [[Christopher Andrew (historian)\|Christopher Andrew]] published, in 2005, a book<ref>A sequel to the earlier book ''Mitrokhin Archive'' published in 1999</ref> [[Mitrokhin Archive\|''Mitrokhin Archive II'']], that contained details of alleged transactions between the CPI and the KGB during 1975-76, and it claimed that the money exchanged was between 4 to 8 lakh rupees a month. The supposed KGB papers claim that deceased CPI leaders Dange and C. Rajeswara Rao regularly received bribes and favours from the Russians in the mid-1970s and Dange even issued receipts for the money he received. This money changed hands from car windows in desolate areas near New Delhi, the book claimed.

	Mitrokhin Archives are not KGB papers per se, but were notes taken by Vasili Mitrokhin over 30 years. CPI questioned the authenticity of these papers. "This is utter nonsense. We have said this before and we say it again that these documents haven't been verified and no one knows if these are real KGB papers," said CPI leader Manju Kumar Majumder, when the book was out,<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/22cpi.htm\|title = CPI's Dange, Rajeshwar named in KGB files\|publisher = rediff.com website\|date = 2005-09-22}}</ref> Academicians like [[J. Arch Getty]]<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/br_170.html\|title = Book Review by Getty\|publisher = American Historical Review\|url-status = dead\|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070310205524/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/br_170.html\|archive-date = 10 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url = http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/26raman.htm\|title = The Mitrokhin mystery\|author = B Raman\|work = rediff.com\|date = 2005-09-26\|access-date = 2008-11-13}}</ref> and counter-intelligence specialists<ref>Former Indian counter-intelligence specialist Bahukutumbi Raman pointed out that Mitrokhin did not bring either the original documents or photocopies. Instead, he brought handwritten/typed notes of the contents of the documents.</ref> had questioned the veracity of these papers. However, Arch Betty has also been accused of downplaying atrocities committed under Stalin's regime.		Mitrokhin Archives are not KGB papers per se, but were notes taken by Vasili Mitrokhin over 30 years. CPI questioned the authenticity of these papers. "This is utter nonsense. We have said this before and we say it again that these documents haven't been verified and no one knows if these are real KGB papers," said CPI leader Manju Kumar Majumder, when the book was out,<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/22cpi.htm\|title = CPI's Dange, Rajeshwar named in KGB files\|publisher = rediff.com website\|date = 2005-09-22}}</ref> Academicians like [[J. Arch Getty]]<ref>{{cite web\|url = http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/br_170.html\|title = Book Review by Getty\|publisher = American Historical Review\|url-status = dead\|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070310205524/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/br_170.html\|archive-date = 10 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url = http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/26raman.htm\|title = The Mitrokhin mystery\|author = B Raman\|work = rediff.com\|date = 2005-09-26\|access-date = 2008-11-13}}</ref> and counter-intelligence specialists<ref>Former Indian counter-intelligence specialist Bahukutumbi Raman pointed out that Mitrokhin did not bring either the original documents or photocopies. Instead, he brought handwritten/typed notes of the contents of the documents.</ref> had questioned the veracity of these papers. However, Arch Betty has also been accused of downplaying atrocities committed under Stalin's regime.

	===Benediktov Diaries===		===Benediktov Diaries===

Pradip89: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian Politician and one of the founding member of Communist Party of India}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}..."

2021-08-05T14:57:48Z

Created page with "{{Short description|Indian Politician and one of the founding member of Communist Party of India}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}..."

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Shripad Amrit Dange - Revision history

Addie15A4298: improve formatting after review and corrected details based on references

->Arjun Madathiparambil Muraleedharan at 12:29, 9 January 2022

Pradip89: Created page with "{{Short description|Indian Politician and one of the founding member of Communist Party of India}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}..."