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	~~{{Portal\|India}}~~
	{{commons category\|Shravasti}}		{{commons category\|Shravasti}}
	{{ppn\|sa/saavatthi.htm\|Savatthi}}		{{ppn\|sa/saavatthi.htm\|Savatthi}}

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{{For|the district of the same name|Shravasti district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more footnotes|date=August 2015}}
{{cleanup|reason=Cryptic references.|date=December 2014}}
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{{Infobox ancient site
|native_name =
|alternate_name =
|image = Mulagandhakuti.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Mulagandhakuti. The remains of Buddha's hut in Jetavana Monastery.
|map_type = Uttar Pradesh#India
|map_alt =
|coordinates = {{coord|27|31|1.5|N|82|3|2.2|E|display=inline,title}}
|location = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
|region =
|type = Capital city
|part_of =
|length =
|width =
|area = [[Shravasti district]]
|height =
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|material =
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|cultures =
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|event =
|excavations =
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|relief=1}}
{{BuddhasHolySites}}
'''Shravasti''' ({{IAST3|Śrāvastī}}; [[Pali]]: '''{{IAST|Sāvatthī}}''') was a city of ancient [[India]] and one of the six largest cities in India during [[Gautama Buddha]]'s lifetime. The city was located in the fertile [[Gangetic plain]]s in the present-day district of the same name, [[Shravasti district|Shravasti]], that belongs to [[Devipatan Division|Devipatan]] division of [[Uttar Pradesh]] near [[Balrampur]], some {{convert|175|km|mi|0}} north-east of [[Lucknow]]. Earlier, it was a part of the [[Bahraich district]], but the latter was split due to administrative reasons.

Shravasti is located near the [[West Rapti River]] and is closely associated with the life of [[Gautama Buddha]], who is believed to have spent 24 [[Chaturmas]]es here.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130411021513/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Travel/TravelStories/The-Ananda-Bodhi-at-Shravasti/Article1-905851.aspx Hindustan Times]</ref> Age-old [[stupa]]s, majestic [[vihara]]s and several [[temple]]s near the village of "Sahet-Mahet" establish Buddha's association with Shravasti. It is said that the [[Vedic period]] king, Shravasta, founded this town.

Shravasti was the capital of the [[Kosala Kingdom]] during 6th century BCE to 6th century CE. This prosperous trading centre was well known for its religious associations. Sobhanath [[Derasar|temple]] is believed to be the birthplace of the [[Tirthankara]] [[Sambhavanath]] in [[Jainism]], making Shravasti an important center for Jains as well. According to [[Nagarjuna]], the city had a [[population]] of 900,000 in 5th century BCE and it even overshadowed [[Magadha]]'s capital, [[Rajgir]].

As mentioned in the 'Bruhatkalpa' and various [[Kalpa (Vedanga)|Kalpas]] of the fourteenth century, the name of the city was Mahid. There are subsequent mentions showing that the name of this city was Sahet-Mahet. It is also mentioned that a vast fort covered this city in which there were many [[mandir|temples]] with idols of ''Devkulikas''.

Today a great [[Defensive wall|rampart]] of earth and brick surrounds this city. During [[Excavation (archaeology)|excavation]] in 'Sahet-Mahet' near Shravasti City, many ancient idols and inscriptions were found. They are now kept in museums at Mathura and Lucknow. At present, the archaeological department of the [[India]]n Government is excavating the site to perform allied research. [[Jetavana]] monastery was a famous monastery close to Shravasti. It is also known as the main temple of Gautama Buddha.

==Etymology==
According to the ''[[Mahabharata]]'', Shravasti is named after the legendary king [[Shrawasta]]. According to Buddhist tradition, the city was called Savatthi because the sage [[Savattha]] lived there. As per the [[Ramayana]], the king of [[Kosala]], [[Rama]], installed his son [[Lava (Ramayana)|Lava]] at Shrawasti and [[Kusha (Ramayana)|Kusha]] at [[Kushavati]].

==History==
{{Buddhist_pilgrimage_sites_in_India.svg}}
[[File:Procession of Prasenajit of Kosala leaving Sravasti to meet the Buddha.jpg|thumb|left|Procession of [[Prasenajit]] of [[Kosala]] leaving Sravasti to meet the [[Buddha]]. [[Sanchi]].<ref>Marshall [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.459148 p.59]</ref>]]
Shravasti was located on the banks of the river [[Achiravati]] (now called the [[West Rapti River|Rapti]] river). It was the capital city of the kingdom of [[Kosala]], and its king was called [[Pasenadi]], who was a disciple of Buddha. It is a beautiful city with vast amounts of agriculture and diversity. [[Buddhaghosa]] says<ref>Sp.iii.614</ref> that, in the Buddha's day, there were fifty-seven thousand families in Shravasti, and that it was the chief city in the country of Kasi [[Kosala]], which was three hundred leagues in extent and had eighty thousand villages. He stated the population of Shravasti to have been 1.8 million(?).<ref>SNA.i.371</ref> The road from [[Rajagriha]] to Shravasti passed through [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]], and the Parayanavagga<ref>SN.vss.1011 13</ref> gives as the resting places between the two cities: Setavya, [[Kapilavatthu]], [[Kusinara]], [[Pava]] and Bhoganagara. Further on, there was a road running southwards from Shravasti through [[Ayodhya|Saketa]] to [[Kosambi]]. Between Saketa and Shravasti was located Toranavatthu.<ref>S.iv.374</ref>

Sharasvati in 10th century was ruled by King [[Suhaldev|Suheldev]] who fought a consequential battle of bahraich on 15th June 1033 CE and defeated Saiyyad Salar Masud, nephew of mahmud of ghazni. Suheldeva killed each and every soldier of invading army including Masud. After this war, no one invaded India for the next 160 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/zee-hindustan/pride-of-india/pride-of-the-nation-the-glory-of-the-king-of-bahraich-suheldev-the-saga-will-shake-your-heart/639645|title = भारत के गौरव: महाराजा सुहेलदेव की वीरगाथा|date = 12 February 2020}}</ref>

The Buddha passed the greater part of his monastic life in Shravasti. His first visit to Shravasti was at the invitation of [[Anathapindika]], whom he met in [[Rajagaha]]. The main monasteries in Shravasti were the Jetavana and the Pubbarama. Shravasti also contained the monastery of Rajakarama, built by Pasenadi, opposite Jetavana. Not far from the city was a dark forest called the Andhavana, where some monks and nuns went to live. Outside the city gate of Shravasti was a fisherman's village of five hundred families.<ref>DhA.iv.40</ref>
[[Image:Anathapindikastupa1.jpg|right|thumb|307x307px|[[Anathapindika]]'s Stupa in Shravasti]]
The chief patrons of the Buddha in Shravasti were [[Anathapindika]], [[Visakha]], Suppavasa and [[Pasenadi]].<ref>DhA.i.330</ref> When Bandhula left Vaishali, he came to live in Shravasti.

Woodward states<ref>KS.v.xviii</ref> that, of the four [[Nikaya]]s, 871 suttas are said to have been preached in Shravasti; 844 of which are in [[Jetavana]], 23 in the [[Pubbarama]], and 4 in the suburbs of Shravasti. These suttas are made up of 6 in the [[Digha Nikaya]], 75 in the [[Majjhima Nikaya]], 736 in the [[Samyutta Nikaya]], and 54 in the [[Anguttara Nikaya]]. The Commentaries state that the Buddha spent twenty-five [[rainy season]]s in Shravasti, thus leaving only twenty to be spent elsewhere. Of the 25 rainy seasons which Buddha lived in Shravasti,<ref>DhA.i.4</ref> he spent 19 in the monastery named [[Jetavana]], and 6 in the monastery called Pubbarama. Thus, Shravasti is the place where Buddha lived the longest amount of time, and it is the place where he gave the largest amount of discourses and instructions.

The Chinese Pilgrim [[Xuanzang]] found the old city in ruins, but recorded the sites of various buildings.<ref>Beal, op. cit., ii.1 13</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;" align="center" colspan=1 cellpadding="3" style="font-size: 80%; width: 100%;"
|align="center" colspan=1 style="background:#F4A460; font-size: 100%;"| '''The Miracle at Sravasti'''
|-
|<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Buddha performs miracle of Sravasti Gandhara.jpg|Statue of Buddha performing the Miracle of Shravasti, Gandhara, 100-200 CE.
File:Miracle of Sravasti - Schist - ca 2nd Century CE - Gandhara - Near Kabul - ACCN K1-A23220 - Indian Museum - Kolkata 2016-03-06 1524.JPG|Miracle of Sravasti, ca 2nd Century CE - Gandhara
File:Museum für Indische Kunst Dahlem Berlin Mai 2006 013.jpg|Gandhara, 3rd century CE.
File:Miracle of Sravasti.jpg|[[Kingdom of Kapisa|Kapisa]], 3rd century CE.
File:Preaching Buddha, perhaps the Great Miracle of Sravasti, Gandhara, c. 3rd century AD, gray schist - Matsuoka Museum of Art - Tokyo, Japan - DSC07120.JPG|Gandhara, c. 3rd century CE
</gallery>
|}

==Shravasti today==
[[Image:Buddha manipost.jpg|thumb|Buddha's Statue in Shrawasti]]
The ruins at Saheth and Maheth on the boundaries of the Gonda and Bahraich districts of Uttar Pradesh are believed to be the site of ancient Shravasti. Maheth was the city-proper while the Jetavana monastery was at Saheth.<ref name=singh>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Upinder|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|date=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|page=284|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref>

Of the ancient Shravasti, the city walls are still standing. Within these, the remains of three ancient buildings can be visited: [[Angulimala]]'s [[stupa]], [[Anathapindika]]'s stupa, and an old temple dedicated to a [[Jain]] [[Tirthankara]] [[Sambhavanatha]]. Outside of Shravasti is located the stupa where the [[Miracles of Gautama Buddha#Twin miracle|Twin Miracle]] ([[Pali]]:{{IAST|Yamaka-pātihāriya}}) took place. The site of Jetavana monastery is the main [[pilgrim]] destination, with [[meditation]] and [[chanting]] mainly done at the [[Gandhakuti]] (Buddha's hut) and the [[Bodhi Tree#To Jetavana.2C Sravasti|Anandabodhi]] tree. Buddhist monasteries from the following countries have been constructed at Shravasti: Thailand, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Tibet, and China.

<gallery>
File:Anandabodhi.jpg|Anandabodhi tree in [[Jetavana]] monastery.
File:Sravasti-gandhakuti.jpg|[[Gandhakuti]] (Buddha's hut) in Jetavana.
File:Angulimalastupa.jpg|[[Stupa]] of [[Angulimala]].
File:Jetavana.jpg|Scene in [[Jetavana]].
File:Sravasti-citywall.jpg|City walls of Shravasti, with the ancient city gate.
File:Twinmiracle.jpg|Place (Stupa) of the [[The Twin Miracle|Twin Miracle]].
File:Jetavana1.jpg|Scene in [[Jetavana]], showing some small stupas.
File:Anandabodhi2.jpg|[[bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]] meditating under the [[Bodhi Tree#To_Jetavana.2C_Sravasti|Anandabodhi]] tree.
File:Shobhnath temple (5703632908).jpg|[[Shobhnath Jain temple]]
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Portal|India}}
{{commons category|Shravasti}}
{{ppn|sa/saavatthi.htm|Savatthi}}
{{RBK|20|Shravasti}}
{{Suttas|Shravasti|savatthi|mn/mn.086.than.html#savatthi Angulimala Sutta - About Angulimala|mn/mn.062.than.html#savatthi Maha-Rahulovada Sutta - The Greater Exhortation to Rahula}}
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=27.500106,82.052357&spn=0.006014,0.013078&t=h&z=17&vpsrc=0&lci=com.panoramio.all maps.google The place where Buddha show Twin Miracle (Pali:Yamaka Patihara). - Shravasti]
* [https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=27.334641,79.27434&spn=0.024094,0.052314&t=h&z=15&vpsrc=6&lci=com.panoramio.all maps.google The place where Buddha came down from Daowadung. - Sankisa]

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Devipatan division topics}}

[[Category:Shravasti| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:History of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India]]
[[Category:Places in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Gonda, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Former populated places in India]]
[[Category:Buddhist sites in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indo-Aryan archaeological sites]]

Shravasti - Revision history

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