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			{{Short description\|Wildlife sanctuary in India}}
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{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
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'''Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary''' is a protected area in [[India]]'s [[Gujarat]] state, located in the western [[Satpura Range]] south of the [[Narmada River]] and is {{convert|607.7|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} large. It shares a common boundary with [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Maharashtra]]. It encompasses mixed dry [[deciduous forest]], [[riverine forest]], few pockets of moist [[teak]] forest, agricultural fields and two water reservoirs.<ref name=Vyas2011>{{cite journal |author=Vyas, R. |year=2011 |title=Reptilian diversity in and around the Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India |journal=Reptile Rap 11 |pages=5–15 }}</ref><ref name=Vyas2012>{{cite journal |author=Vyas, R. |year=2012 |title=Frogs of Shoolpaneswr Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India |journal=FrogLog |issue=101 |pages=54–56 }}</ref>
It was established in 1982.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vyas, R. |year=2007 |title=Present conservation scenario of reptile fauna in Gujarat State, India |journal=Indian Forester |pages=1381–1394 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277709205}}</ref>

==Ecosystem==
The physical aspect is dominated by Rajpipla hills. Dhanmal is the highest peak in this region. The general slope is towards west. The sanctuary has a vast undulating terrain, lush ever pervading greenery, tall canopy, deep valleys, sombre rocks, gentle [[stream]]s, and waterfalls. All of these are in the [[Vindhya Range|Vindhyan]] and [[Satpura Range|Satpuran]] ranges.

===Zarwani Waterfall===
[[File:Zarwani Waterfall.jpg|thumbnail|Zarwani Waterfall.]]

The Zarwani Waterfall is deep inside the sanctuary.

===Flora===
The Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary is a part of the [[North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]] [[ecoregion]].<ref>Wikramanayake, E.; Dinerstein, E.; Loucks, C. J.; et al. (2002). ''Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.'' Island Press; [[Washington, DC]]. pp. 311−313</ref> The forests are moist [[deciduous]] with a few small dry [[bamboo]] brakes, a few pockets of moist [[teak]] forest in hilly areas, degraded scrub forest, and riverine forest bordering Terav and [[Narmada River]]s and small water courses.<ref name=Vyas2011/><ref name=Vyas2012/> The hilly tract of the sanctuary supports forests harboring [[flora]]l and [[fauna]]l elements, which bear similarities to those in the [[Himalayas]] and [[Western Ghats]]. It is also a major watershed feeding two major reservoirs thus conserving the soil and water.<ref name="GYR">http://www.Gujaratyourisk.com/destination/details/5/184</ref><ref name="Wildlifetrips">{{cite web |url=http://www.wildlifetrips.in/shoolpaneshwar-wild-life-sanctuary.php |title=Shoolpaneshwar Wild Life Sanctuary |publisher=Wildlifetrips.in |access-date=2015-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103838/http://www.wildlifetrips.in/shoolpaneshwar-wild-life-sanctuary.php |archive-date=2015-12-24 }}</ref> There are vast groves of [[bamboo]], and the sanctuary has 575 species of flowering plants.

===Fauna===
The sanctuary was initially established for the protection of the [[sloth bear]].<ref name="SlothBearConservation1999">{{cite book |chapter=Sloth Bear Conservation Action Plan |author1=Garshelis, D. L. |author2=Joshi, A. R. |author3=Smith, J. L. D. |author4=Rice, C. G. |name-list-style=amp |title=Bears: status survey and conservation action plan |editor1=Servheen, C.|editor2=Herrero, S.|editor3=Peyton, B. |publisher=IUCN/SSC Bear Specialist Group |year=1999 |location=Gland |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265121830 |pages=225–240}}</ref> A [[rusty-spotted cat]] was sighted for the time in 1991.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Chavan, S.A.|author2=Patel, C. D.|author3=Pawar, S. V.|author4=Gogate, N. S.|author5=Pandya, N. P. |year=1991 |title=Sighting of the rusty-spotted cat ''Felis rubiginosa'' (Geoffroy) in Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary, Gujarat |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |issue=88 |pages=107–108 }}</ref>

The Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary's [[herpetofauna]] includes [[Indian softshell turtle]], [[Indian flapshell turtle]], [[Bengal monitor]], [[Indian rock python]], [[red sand boa]], [[Indian krait]], [[Russell's viper]], [[Indian chameleon]], [[rock agama]], [[Brooke's house gecko]], [[Hemidactylus flaviviridis|Yellow-bellied house gecko]], [[oriental garden lizard]] and a small population of [[Mugger crocodile]]. Frogs recorded include [[Ramanella]] species, [[Duttaphrynus melanostictus|Asian common toad]], [[marbled toad]], [[ornate narrow-mouthed frog]], [[Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis|Indian skipping frog]], [[Indian tree frog]], [[Euphlyctis hexadactylus|green pond frog]], [[Indian bullfrog]], [[cricket frog]] and [[Indian burrowing frog]]<ref name=Vyas2011/><ref name=Vyas2012/>

Other [[mammal]]ian fauna occurring includes [[Indian leopard|leopard]], [[leopard cat]], [[rhesus macaque]], [[four-horned antelope|chousingha]], [[muntjac|barking deer]], [[pangolin]], [[chital]], [[large Indian civet]], [[palm civet]], [[Indian porcupine]] and [[Free-ranging dog#"Wild" dogs|feral dogs]].{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}
[[Locally extinct]] mammal species include [[Indian giant squirrel]], [[tiger]] and [[gaur]].<ref>Worah, S. (1991). The ecology and management of a fragmented forest in south Gujarat India: the Dangs. Ph.D. thesis, University of Poona, Pune, India.</ref>

Birds, including [[Alexandrine parakeet]], [[grey jungle fowl]], [[red jungle fowl]], [[crested serpent eagle]], [[shikra]], [[sparrow hawk]], [[great horned owl]] and [[Sri Lanka grey hornbill|grey hornbill]] are found here.

==Access and accommodation==
The nearest airport is that of [[Vadodara]], which is about {{convert|90.0|km|mile|abbr=on}} away. [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport]] at [[Ahmedabad]], which is about {{convert|260.0|km|mile|abbr=on}} away, is the nearest international airport. The nearest rail head and bus stand are those of [[Ankleshwar]], which is about {{convert|60.0|km|mile|abbr=on}} away. There are rest houses to stay at [[Bharuch]], Dediapada, Rajpipla, and the sanctuary.

==See also==
* [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]
* [[Bansda National Park]]
* [[Dangs' Forest]]
* [[Dumkhal]]
* [[Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[Purna Wildlife Sanctuary]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151224103838/http://www.wildlifetrips.in/shoolpaneshwar-wild-life-sanctuary.php Shoolpaneshwar Wild Life Sanctuary]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category|Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary}}

[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Narmada district]]
[[Category:North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:Environment of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats]]
[[Category:1982 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1982]]

Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary - Revision history

UpdateBot at 09:45, 1 July 2022

->BrownHairedGirl: added Category:Protected areas established in 1982 using HotCat