imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Janya Ragas (kharaharapriya) to Category:Janya ragas (kharaharapriya) using Cat-a-lot

2021-08-28T09:16:21Z

Moving from Category:Janya Ragas (kharaharapriya) to Category:Janya ragas (kharaharapriya) using Cat-a-lot

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{{Short description|A Janya raga of Carnatic music, also used in Hindustani classical music}}
{{About||the drama film|Sivaranjani (1978 film)}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox raga
| name = Shivaranjani
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| thaat = [[Kafi (thaat)|Kafi]]
| type =
| time =
| season =
| arohana = {{svaraH|S|R|g P|D|S'}}
| avarohana = {{svaraH|S'|D|P|g R|S}}
| vadi =
| samavadi =
| pakad =
| chalan =
| equivalent
| similar show real information
}}
{{Carnatic}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music}}
'''Shivaranjani''' or '''Sivaranjani''' is a musical scale used in Indian classical music. There are two scales, one in [[Hindustani music]] and one in [[Carnatic music]]. The Hindustani [[rāga]] is a pentatonic scale,<ref name="Chakraborty Mazzola Tewari Patra 2014 p. 3">{{cite book |last=Chakraborty |first=S. |last2=Mazzola |first2=G. |last3=Tewari |first3=S. |last4=Patra |first4=M. |title=Computational Musicology in Hindustani Music |publisher=Springer International Publishing |series=Computational Music Science |year=2014 |isbn=978-3-319-11472-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0o2eBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=27 May 2021 |page=3}}</ref> while the Carnatic scale is an Audava-Audava scale (''audava'' meaning 'of 5') resulting in 5 notes in the Arohanam and 5 in the Avarohanam.

== Hindustani scale ==
The Hindustani rāga ''Shivaranjani'' belongs to the ''[[Kafi raga|Kaafi]] [[thaat]]'' in terms of classification of the scale.<ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> Its structure is as follows:
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraH|S|R|g P|D|S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraH|S'|D|P|g R|S|foot=yes}}
The ''komal''(soft) ''gandhar''(g) in place of ''shuddh gandhar'' (G) is the difference between this rāga and the global musical scale of ''[[Raga Bhopali|Bhoop]]''.

=== Borrowed into Carnatic music ===
[[File:Shivaranjani scale.svg|300px|thumb|''Shivaranjani'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

This Hindustani scale, which is also the currently popular scale in Carnatic music, is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven musical notes called ''[[swara]]s''. It is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain ''madhyamam'' or ''nishadam'' and it is an ''audava-audava'' rāgam<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref> in Carnatic music classification. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) using [[Swara#Swaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] notation is as follows:
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G2|P|D2|S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|D2|P|G2|R2|S|foot=yes}}
(the variant notes used in this scale are ''chathusruthi rishabham, sadharana gandharam, chathusruthi dhaivatham'' other than the invariants ''shadjam'' and ''panchamam'')

In this form, ''Shivaranjani'' is considered a ''janya'' rāgam of ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'', the 22nd ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam, though it can be derived from 3 other melakarta rāgams, ''[[Gourimanohari]]'', ''[[Hemavati (ragam)|Hemavati]]'' or ''[[Dharmavati]]'', by dropping both ''madhyamam'' and ''nishadam''.

=== Popular compositions ===
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2021}}
''Shivaranjani'' rāgam brings out ''[[rasa (aesthetics)|karuna rasa]]'' (pathos) and lends itself for elaboration and exploration. It has many compositions in classical music and in film songs.

The popular Hindi film song ''Jaane kahan gaye woh din'' ("Where have those days gone") is based on this scale. ''Shivaranjani'' was a favourite of the legendary composers Shankar-Jaikishan (in fact, to be more precise, that of both Shankar and Jaikishan), in addition to the aforementioned song from [[Mera Naam Joker (1970 film)|Mera Naam Joker]] they also used it for ''O basanti pavan paagal'' ("O bewitching spring breeze") in ''[[Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai]]'' and ''O mere sanam'' ("O my love") in ''[[Sangam (1964 Hindi film)|Sangam]]'' ''Mere nainaa saawan-bhaado.n''. [[A. R. Rahman]]'s composition ''Kannum Kannum'' from the Tamil movie [[Thiruda Thiruda]] ("Thief Thief") is regarded as the most different song done in this raga.

In Carnatic music, two ''ragamalikas'' (songs which have different stanzas in different ragas) start with a refrain in ''Shivaranjani''. [[M S Subbulakshmi]] made ''Kurai onrum illai'' very popular which begins with this scale. ''Kurai onrun illai'' literally means "there is no defect" or "there is nothing left wanting", alluding to "we are satisfied and thankful" in prayer to "Kannan" (Lord Krishna). Another composition ''Muiyakka muiyakka'', by [[Purandaradasa]], also begins with this scale. Another famous composition in this raaga is 'Jagat janani' rendered in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language.

== Film songs ==
{{Copy edit|section|for=individual song titles. These should not be in italics but should be enclosed in quotes per [[WP:MOSMUSIC]]|date=May 2021}}

=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#696969" | Song
! style="background:#696969" | Movie
! style="background:#696969" | Composer
! style="background:#696969" | Singer
|-
| ''Soppana Vaazhvil''
| [[Sivakavi]]
| [[Papanasam Sivan]]
| [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
| ''Muthukku Muthaga''
| [[Anbu Sagodharargal]]
| rowspan="5" | [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]]
|-
| ''Idayaveenai Thongum Pothu''
| [[Iruvar Ullam]]
| rowspan="5" | [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Kalaimagal Kai Porule''
| [[Vasantha Maligai]]
|-
| ''Nalandhana'' (Nilamani Ragam similar)
| [[Thillana Mohanambal]]
|-
| ''Varugavae Varugavae''
| [[Aathi Parasakthi]]
|-
| ''Saravana Poikaiyil''
| [[Idhu Sathiyam]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|-
| ''Naan Pesa Ninaippathellam''
| [[Palum Pazhamum]]
| [[P. Susheela]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| ''Aandavane Un''
| [[Oli Vilakku]]
| rowspan="5" | [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Enna Vegam Nillu''
| [[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[A. L. Raghavan]]
|-
| ''Ellorum Nalam Vaazha''
| [[Enga Mama]]
| [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| ''Thangathil Mugameduthu''
| [[Meenava Nanban]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Naan Paadikkonde Iruppen''(pathos)
| [[Sirai]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Uruguthey Idhayame''
| [[Nooravathu Naal]]
| rowspan=24 | [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
| ''Vaa Vaa Anbe Anbe''
| [[Agni Natchathiram]]
| rowspan="2" | [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
| ''Vanna Nilavey Vaigai''(Vijayanagari Ragam similar)
| [[Paadatha Thenikkal]]
|-
| ''Ponmane Kovam Yeno''
| [[Oru Kaidhiyin Diary]]
| [[Unni Menon]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
| ''Solai Pushpangale''
| Ingeyum Oru Gangai
| [[P. Susheela]], [[Gangai Amaran]]
|-
| ''Unnaithane Thanjam Endru''
| [[Nallavanukku Nallavan]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Manjula Gururaj]]
|-
| ''Kaathirunthu Kaathirunthu''
| [[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]]
|-
| ''Pethu Eduthavathaan''
| [[Velaikkaran (1987 film)|Velaikkaran]]
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
| ''Oh Priya Priya!''
| [[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Idhayathai Thirudathe]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
| ''Kudagu Malai''(Vijayanagari ragam)
| [[Karakattakkaran]]
|-
| ''Kuyil Paattu''
| [[En Rasavin Manasile]]
| [[Swarnalatha]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
| ''Adi Aathadi''
| [[Kadalora Kavithaigal]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ilaiyaraaja]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Chinna Ponnu Selai''
| [[Malaiyoor Mambattiyan]]
|-
| ''Valli Valli Enna''
| [[Deiva Vaakku]]
|-
| ''Yaar Aluthu Yaar Thuyaram''
| Kannukoru Vannakili
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|-
| ''Adhikaalai Neram''
| [[Naan Sonnathey Sattam]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| ''Manikuyil Isaikkuthadi''
| [[Thanga Manasukkaran]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| ''Vaanuyarntha Solaiyile''
| [[Idaya Kovil]]
| rowspan="3" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|-
| ''Sindhu Nathi Seemane'' (Vijayanagari Ragam)
| rowspan="2" | [[Ponnumani]]
|-
| ''Anba Sumanthu''
|-
| ''Aathorathile Aalamaram''
| [[Kasi (film)|Kasi]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| ''Neethaane Naaldhorum''
| [[Paattu Vaathiyar]]
| [[K.J. Yesudas]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| ''Paattu Solli Paada Solli''
| [[Azhagi (2002 film)|Azhagi]]
| [[Sadhana Sargam]](Won National Award)
|-
| ''Naan Pooveduthu''
| [[Naanum Oru Thozhilali]]
| rowspan="4" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| ''Oru Jeevanthan''
| [[Naan Adimai Illai]]
| Vijay Anand
|-
| ''Koovurakuyilu''
| [[Solaiyamma]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
|-
| ''Ezhelu Jenma Bandham''
| [[Therku Theru Machan]]
|-
| ''Pennkiliye Pennkiliye''
| [[Sandhitha Velai]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Sujatha Mohan]]
|-
| ''Vannanilavae Vannanilavae''
| [[Ninaithen Vandhai]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| ''Poovannam''
| [[Azhiyatha Kolangal]]
| [[Salil Chowdhury]]
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| ''Kannum Kannum''
| [[Thiruda Thiruda]]
| rowspan="5" | [[A.R. Rahman]]
| [[Mano (singer)|Mano]]
|-
| ''Thaneerai Kaadhalikum''
| [[Mr. Romeo]]
| [[Sangeetha Rajeshwaran|Sangeetha]],Sajith
|-
| ''Thanga Thamarai''
| [[Minsara Kanavu]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]](won National award)
|-
| ''Anjathe Jeeva''
| [[Jodi (1999 film)|Jodi]]
| [[Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| ''Dingu Dongu''
| [[Sarvam Thaala Mayam]]
| Bamba Bakya, [[Anthony Daasan]]
|-
| ''Vaigai Karai Katre''
| [[Uyirullavarai Usha]]
| [[Vijaya T. Rajendar]]
| rowspan="5" | [[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
| ''Padi Azhaithen''
| rowspan="2" | Rasigan Oru Rasigai
| rowspan="2" | [[Raveendran]]
|-
| ''Yezhisai Geethame''
|-
| ''Marikolunthu Mulla Uruthuma''
| En Aasai Rasathi
| Dr.Chandilyan
|-
| ''Chinna Thangam''
| [[Cheran Pandiyan]]
| [[Soundaryan]]
|-
| ''Maamarathu Poo''
| [[Oomai Vizhigal]]
| rowspan="5" | [[Manoj Gyan]]
| [[S. N. Surendar]],B. S. Sasirekha
|-
| ''Sendhoora Poove''
| [[Senthoora Poove]]
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]],B. S. Sasirekha
|-
| ''Yaar Padalo & Pooncholaiyai''
| Panthaya Kuthiraigal
| [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
|-
| ''Sevaanam Pookalthoovum''
| Chinna Mayil
| [[P. Jayachandran]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
| ''Kanna Devaloga''
| Rojakkal Unakkaga
|rowspan=2| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| ''Masai Matham''
| [[MGR Nagaril]]
| [[S. Balakrishnan (composer)|S. Balakrishnan]]
|-
| ''Athi Kaalai Kaatre Nillu''
| [[Thalaivasal (film)|Thalaivasal]]
| Bala Bharathi
| [[S. Janaki]] & Chorus
|-
| ''Pattu Onnu Paadattuma''
| [[Pudhu Vasantham]]
| rowspan="5" | [[S. A. Rajkumar]]
| [[K. J. Yesudas]](Ver 1), [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]](Ver 2)
|-
| ''Anantham Anantham''
| [[Poove Unakkaga]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[K.S. Chitra]]
|-
| ''Vanathu Nilaveduthu''
| [[Simmarasi]]
| [[P. Unnikrishnan]], [[Swarnalatha]]
|-
| ''Enna Idhuvo''
| rowspan="2" | [[Aanandham]]
| [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]]
|-
| ''Kalyana Vaanil''
| [[Unni Menon]], [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
|-
| ''Enai Thedum Megam''
| Kannodu Kann
| rowspan="3" | [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| rowspan="2" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
| ''Moongililai Kaadugale''
| Penmani Aval Kanmani
|-
| ''Nee Parkama Poriye''
| Manaivi Oru Manthiri
| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Uma Ramanan]]
|-
| ''Sala Sala Yena''
| [[Ponnu Pakka Poren]]
| [[K. Bhagyaraj]]
| rowspan="3" | [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
| ''Nenjil Kodiyaagam''
| Chinna Chittu
| [[Devendran]]
|-
| ''En Kannanuku Kaadhal''
| [[Pratap (film)|Pratap]]
| [[Maragathamani]]
|-
| ''Avaravar Vazhkaiyil''
| [[Pandavar Bhoomi]]
| [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
| [[Bharadwaj (music director)|Bharadwaj]]
|-
| ''Unakkena Iruppaen''
| [[Kaadhal]]
| [[Joshua Sridhar]]
| [[Haricharan]]
|-
| ''Yedi Kallachi''
| [[Thenmerku Paruvakaatru]]
| [[N. R. Raghunanthan]]
| [[Vijay Prakash]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
|-
| ''Kurai Ondrum Illai''
| [[Arai En 305-il Kadavul]]
| [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| [[Harini (singer)|Harini]]
|-
| ''Ooradangum Samathiley''
| [[Kalavani]]
| [[S. S. Kumaran]]
| Senthilvelan
|}

=== Related rāgams ===
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspects of this rāgam.

==== Graha bhedam ====
''Shivaranjani's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 2 other pentatonic rāgams, namely, ''[[Sunadavinodini]]'' and ''[[Revati (ragam)|Revati]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. See ''[[Graha bhedam#Shivaranjani|Graha bhedam on Shivaranjani]]'' for more details and an illustration.

==== Scale similarities ====
* ''[[Mohanam]]'' is a popular rāgam which has the ''antara gandharam'' in place of ''sadharana gandharam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
* ''[[Abhogi]]'' is a popular rāgam which has the ''shuddha madhyamam'' in place of ''panchamam''. Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure is S R2 G2 M1 D2 S : S D2 M1 G2 R2 S

== Carnatic scale ==
The Carnatic scale ''Shivaranjani'' is a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) associated with the 64th parent scale ''[[Vachaspati (ragam)|Vachaspati]]'' (''melakarta''). It has ''vakra prayoga'' (zig-zag notes in its scale and note phrases) and its scale is as follows.<ref name="ragas" />
* [[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|M2|D2|P|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
* [[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D2|P|D2|M2|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

=== Compositions ===
The compositions in this scale are:<ref name="ragas" />
* ''Andavan anbe'' and ''Tarunamidaya dayai'' composed by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
* ''Maha Tripura Sundari'' Varnam composed by [[Madurai R. Muralidaran]]

== See also ==
* [[Bhopali]]
* [[Durga (raga)|Durga]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist|30em}}

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100102060620/http://chandrakantha.com/raga_raag/film_song_raga/shivaranjani.html Film Songs in Rag Shivaranjani (Hindustani)]

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya}}
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time}}

[[Category:Hindustani ragas]]
[[Category:Janya ragas (kharaharapriya)]]
[[Category:Janya ragas]]

Shivaranjani - Revision history

imported>Ser Amantio di Nicolao: Moving from Category:Janya Ragas (kharaharapriya) to Category:Janya ragas (kharaharapriya) using Cat-a-lot