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{{Other uses|Karanth (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|Indian Kannada writer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Shivaram Karanth
| image = ಶಿವರಾಮ ಕಾರಂತ.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1902|10|10}}
| birth_place = Kota, [[Udupi district|Udupi]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1997|12|9|1902|10|10}}
| death_place = [[Manipal]], [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = Novelist, playwright, conservationist<ref>{{cite web |title=Karanth: Myriad-minded "Monarch of the Seashore" |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971210/34450343.html |publisher=The Indian Express |access-date=4 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991008191115/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971210/34450343.html |archive-date=8 October 1999 |date=10 December 1997}}</ref><ref name="chandra"/>
| nationality = Indian
| period = 1924–1997<ref name="pampa"/>
| genre = Fiction, popular science, literature for children, dance-drama
| subject =
| movement = [[Kannada literature#Navodaya (New birth)|Navodaya]]
| influenced =
| spouse = {{marriage|Leela Alva|6 May 1936|22 September 1986}}
| children = 4; including [[K. Ullas Karanth|Ullas]]
| signature =
}}

'''Kota Shivaram Karanth''' (10 October 1902 – 9 December 1997), also abbreviated as '''K. Shivaram Karanth''', was an Indian [[polymath]], who was a novelist in [[Kannada language]], [[playwright]] and an ecological [[conservation movement|conservationist]]. [[Ramachandra Guha]] called him the "Rabindranath Tagore of Modern India, who has been one of the finest novelists-activists since independence".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020626122257/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/11/26/stories/13260411.htm The Arun Shourie of the left]. Thehindu.com (26 November 2000). Retrieved on 2018-11-15.</ref> He was the third writer<ref>{{cite web
| title = Jnanapeeth Awards
| url = http://ekavi.org/jnanpeeth.htm
| publisher = Ekavi
| access-date = 31 October 2006
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427081930/http://www.ekavi.org/jnanpeeth.htm
| archive-date=27 April 2006}}
</ref> to be decorated with the [[Jnanpith Award]] for [[Kannada language|Kannada]], the highest literary honor conferred in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings |publisher=[[Jnanpith]] Website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007 }}</ref> His son [[K. Ullas Karanth|Ullas]] is an ecological conservationist.<ref name="pampa">{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/dec/09kar.htm|title=Shivarama Karanth is dead|publisher=Rediff on the Net|date=9 December 1997 |access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>

==Early life==
Shivaram Karanth was born on 10 October 1902,<ref name=bennur/> in Kota near [[Kundapur]]a in the [[Udupi district]] of [[Karnataka]] to a [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-speaking family. The fifth child of his parents Shesha Karantha and Lakshmamma, he completed his primary education in [[Kundapura]] and [[Mangalore]]. Shivaram Karanth was influenced by [[Gandhism|Gandhi's principles]] and took part in [[Indian Independence movement]] when he was in college. His participation in the [[Non-cooperation movement]] did not allow him to complete his college education which he quit in February 1922. He canvassed for [[khadi]] and [[swadeshi]] in Karnataka led by [[Indian National Congress]] leader [[Karnad Sadashiva Rao]],<ref name="SER">{{cite book |last1=Rāmacandran |first1=Si En |title=K. Shivarama Karanth |date=2001 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=9788126010714 |pages=7–22 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHAh40PA5k8C |access-date=4 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> for five years till 1927.<ref name=bennur/> By that time, Karanth had already started writing fiction novels and plays.<ref name=bennur>{{cite web
| last =Guha
| first =Ramachandra
| title = The Kannada colossus
| url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/13/stories/2002101300330300.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20030115034412/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2002/10/13/stories/2002101300330300.htm
| url-status = usurped
| archive-date = 15 January 2003
| work = The Hindu|date=13 October 2002
| access-date = 24 November 2006 }}
</ref>

==Career==
Karanth began writing in 1924 and soon published his first book, ''Rashtrageetha Sudhakara'', a collection of poems. His first novel was ''Vichitrakoota''. Subsequent works like ''Nirbhagya Janma'' ("Unfortunate Birth") and ''Sooleya Samsara'' ("Family of a Prostitute") mirrored the pathetic conditions of the poor. His magnum opus ''Devaddhootaru'', a satire on contemporary India, was published in 1928.<ref name="pampa"/>

Karanth was an intellectual and environmentalist who made notable contribution to the art and culture of [[Karnataka]].<ref name=bennur/> He is considered one of the most influential novelists in the Kannada language. His novels ''Marali Mannige'', ''Bettada Jeeva'', ''Alida Mele'', ''Mookajjiya Kanasugalu'', ''Mai Managala Suliyalli'', ''Ade OOru Ade Mara'', ''Shaneeshwarana Neralinalli'', ''Kudiyara Koosu'', ''Svapnada Hole'', ''Sarsammana Samadhi'', and ''Chomana Dudi'' are widely read and have received critical acclaim.<ref name=bennur/> He wrote two books on Karnataka's ancient stage dance-drama ''[[Yakshagana]]'' (1957 and 1975).

He was involved in experiments in the technique of printing for some years in the 1930s and 1940s and printed his own novels, but incurred financial losses. He was also a painter and was deeply concerned with the issue of nuclear energy and its impact on the environment.<ref name="thehindu.com">[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/a-walk-through-the-life-of-karanth/article4454393.ece A walk through the life of Karanth – KARNATAKA]. The Hindu (26 February 2013). Retrieved on 2018-11-15.</ref> At the age of 90, he wrote a book on birds (published during 2002 by Manohara Grantha Mala, Dharwad).{{Citation needed|date=February 2016}}

He wrote, apart from his forty-seven novels, thirty-one plays, four short story collections, six books of essays and [[sketch (drawing)|sketches]], thirteen books on art, two volumes of poems, nine encyclopedias, and over one hundred articles on various issues.<ref name="thehindu.com"/> His [[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (novel)|''Mookajjiya Kanasugalu'']] novel won Jnanpith award.

== Personal life ==
Karanth married Leela Alva, a student in the school that Karanth taught dance and directed plays in. Leela belonged to the [[Bunt (community)|Bunt community]] and was the daughter of a businessman, K. D. Alva. They married on 6 May 1936. The couple subsequently attracted ridicule from people in the region over their [[inter-caste marriage]]; Karanth belonged to an orthodox [[Brahmin]] community. Leela, who had her early education in [[Marathi language]], re-learnt Kannada after marriage and translated the Marathi novel ''[[Pan Lakshat Kon Gheto]]'' into Kannada. As a dancer, she participated in Karanth's operas. The Karanths had four children together: sons, Harsha and [[K. Ullas Karanth|Ullas]], a conservationist; and daughters, Malavika and Kshama. His mother's influence on Karanth was described by Ullas as: "It was our mother who shaped Karanth's life... She was the backbone of all his endeavours. She was also quite well-read, and she dedicated all of her talents to her husband. She took care of all household responsibilities." The family lived in the [[Puttur, Karnataka|Puttur]] town of [[Dakshina Kannada]], a district in the South Karnataka region, before moving to [[Saligrama, Udupi|Saligrama]], a town {{convert|2|mi|km}} from Karanth's birthplace Kota, in 1974. A few years prior to this, their eldest son Harsha died leaving Leela suffer from "depression and hallucinations". Leela died in September 1986. It was also the year that Karanth's final novel was published.<ref name="SER"/>

Karanth was admitted to [[Kasturba Medical College, Manipal|Kasturba Medical College]] in [[Manipal]] on 2 December 1997 to be treated for [[viral fever]]. He suffered from a cardiac [[respiratory arrest]] two days later and slipped into a coma. On 8 December, his [Kidney Failure|kidneys began to fail] and subsequently developed severe [[acidosis]] and [[sepsis]], following which he was put on [[dialysis]]. Efforts to revive him failed and he died at 11:35 a.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) the following day, aged 95.<ref name="pampa"/><ref name="death">{{cite news |title=Literary legend Karanth dead |url=http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971210/34450563.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |agency=Press Trust of India |publisher=The Indian Express |date=10 December 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030817172929/http://www.expressindia.com/ie/daily/19971210/34450563.html |archive-date=17 August 2003}}</ref> The [[government of Karnataka]] declared a two-day [[mourning]] in the State as a mark of respect.<ref name="death"/>

==Popularity==
Many of Karanth's novels have been translated into other Indian languages. [[Marali Mannige]] got translated to English by Padma Ramachandra Sharma, has been conferred the State Sahitya Akademi award.

==Literary and national honors==
[[File:K. Shivaram Karanth 2003 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Karanth on a 2003 stamp of India]]
* [[Jnanapith Award]] – 1978<ref name="chandra">{{cite book |last=Dutt |first=Kartik Chandra |title=Who's who of Indian Writers, 1999: A-M|orig-year=1999|year=1999|publisher=Sahitya Academy |location=New Delhi|isbn=81-260-0873-3 |page=575}}</ref><ref name="tulsi"/>
* [[List of Sahitya Akademi fellows|Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] (1985)<ref name="tulsi"/><ref name="sahitya">{{cite web|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/fellows/fellows_and_honorary_fellows.jsp|title=Fellow and Honorary Fellows|publisher=Sahitya Akademi-National Academi of Letters|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701054145/http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/fellows/fellows_and_honorary_fellows.jsp|archive-date=1 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[List of Sangeet Natak Akademi fellows|Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship]] (1973)<ref name="tulsi"/><ref name="natak">{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |title=Sangeet Natak Akademi Ratna Puraskar (Akademi Fellows) |publisher=Sahitya Natak Akademi-National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama |access-date=23 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023617/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/fellowslist.htm |archive-date= 4 March 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref name="chandra"/> (He returned his [[Padma Bhushan]] honour in protest against the [[The Emergency (India)|Emergency]] imposed in India)
* [[Sahitya Academy|Sahitya Academy award]] – 1959<ref name="chandra"/><ref name="tulsi"/><ref name="pampa"/>
* Karnataka state Sahitya Akademi Award<ref name="pampa"/>
* [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]] – 1986<ref>{{cite web|title=Recipients of Karnataka Rajyotsava Award|url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State%20Awards/Rajyotsava+Awards/en|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
* [[Sangeet Natak Academy|Sangeet Natak Award]]<ref name="chandra"/><ref name="tulsi"/>
* [[Pampa Award]]<ref name="pampa"/>
* [[Swedish Academy]] award{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}
* [[Tulsi Samman]] (1990)<ref name="tulsi">{{cite book |last=Kāranta|first=Śivarāma|title= Yakshagana|orig-year=1997|year=1997|publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=81-7017-357-4|page=253}}</ref><ref name="pampa"/>
* Dadabhai Nauroji Award (1990)<ref name="tulsi"/>
* Honorary Doctorate from Mysore University, Meerut University, Karnatak University and others.<ref name="chandra"/><ref name="tulsi"/>

==Film awards==
* [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]] – (Posthumously){{clarify|date=May 2017}}
* [[National Film Award – Special Mention (Feature Film)|National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention]] Writer – [[Bettada Jeeva]] – K. Shivaram Karanth – 2011

==Writings==
{{div col}}
'''Novels'''

* ''[[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu ( 1968 )(novel)|Mookajjiya Kanasugalu]]'' ("Dreams of Mookajji Granny") ([[Jnanpith award]] winning novel)
* ''[[Marali Mannige]]'' ("Back to the Soil")
* ''[[Chomana Dudi]]'' ("Drum of Choma")
* ''[[Mai Managala Suliyalli]]'' ("In the Whirlpool of Body and Soul")
* ''[[Bettada Jeeva]]'' ("Life in the Hills")
* ''[[Sarasammana Samadhi]]'' ("Grave of Sarasamma")
* ''[[Dharmarayana Samsara]]'' ("Family of Dharmaraya")
* ''[[Alida Mele]]'' ("After Death")
* ''[[Kudiyara Kusu]]'' ("Infant of Kudiya")
* ''[[Mailikallinodane Matukate]]'' ("Conversation with the Milestone")
* ''[[Chiguridha Kanasu]]''
* ''[[Mugida Yudda]]'' ("Completed War")
* ''Moojanma''
* ''Dharmarayana Samsara''
* ''Kevala Manushyaru''
* ''Illeyamba''
* ''Iddaru Chinthe''
* ''Navu Kattida Swarga''
* ''Nashta Diggajagalu''
* ''Kanniddu Kanaru''
* ''Gedda Doddasthike''
* ''Kannadiyalli Kandatha''
* ''Antida Aparanji''
* ''Halliya Hattu Samastharu''
* ''Sameekshe''
* ''Moga Padeda Mana''
* ''Shaneeshwarana Neralinalli''
* ''Nambidavara Naka Naraka''
* ''Oudaryada Urulalli''
* ''Onti Dani''
* ''Odahuttidavaru''
* ''Swapnada Hole''
* ''Jaruva Dariyalli''
* ''Ukkida Nore''
* ''Balveye Belaku''
* ''Ala Nirala''
* ''Gondaranya''
* ''Ade Uru Ade Mara''
* ''Innonde Dari''
* ''Jagadoddara Na''
* ''Bathada Thore''

'''Science Books'''

* ''Nature, Science and Environment''
* ''Vijnana prapancha'' ("The World of Science")
* ''Adbhuta jagattu'' ("Wonderful World")
* ''Prani Prapancha''
* ''Prani Prapanchada Vismayagalu''
* ''Pakshigala Adbhuta Loka''

'''Plays'''
* ''Yaksagana'' – English translation, Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts (1997)
* ''Yakshagana Bayalata''

'''Children's books'''
* ''Dum Dum Dolu''
* ''Oduva Ata''
* ''Vishala Sagaragalu''
* ''Balaprapancha – Makkalavishwakosha'' – Vol 1,2,3
* ''Mailikallinodane Matukathegalu''
* ''Mariyappana Sahasagalu''
* ''Nachiketa – Ack''
* ''Ibbara Gaja Panditaru''
* ''Oduva Ata – Sirigannada Pathamale''
* ''Mathina Sethuve''
* ''Jatayu Hanumanta''
* ''Huliraya''

'''Autobiography'''
* ''Hucchu Manasina Hatthu Mukhagalu'' (English translation: "Ten Faces of a Crazy Mind", by H Y Sharada Prasad)
* ''Smriti Pataladinda'' (Vol 1–3)

'''Travelogue'''
* ''Abuvinda Baramakke''
* ''Arasikaralla''
* ''Apoorva Paschima'' ("Incomparable West")
* ''Paataalakke Payana'' ("Travel to the nether world")

'''Biography'''
* ''Panje Mangesharayaru : Kannada Nadu Mattu Kannadigara Parampare''
* ''Sri Ramakrishnara Jeevana Charithre''

'''Art, Architecture and Other'''
* ''Kaladarshana''
* ''Bharatheya Chitrakale''
* ''Jnana'' ("Knowledge")
* ''Sirigannada Artha Kosha''
* ''Kala Prapancha''
* ''Yaksharangakkagi Pravasa''
* ''Arivina Ananda''
* ''Life The Only Light – A Guide To Saner Living''
* ''Chalukya Shilpakale''
{{div col end}}

==Kannada and Tulu cinema==
* ''[[Chomana Dudi]]''
* ''[[Chigurida Kanasu]]''
* ''Maleya Makkalu'' (from Kudiyara Koosu Novel)
* ''[[Bettada Jeeva]]''
* ''[[8 September (Tulu)]]''
* ''[[Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (Kannada)]]''

==See also==
* [[Kannada language|Kannada]]
* [[Kannada literature]]
* [[Yakshagana]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|K. Shivaram Karanth}}
* Malini Mallya, ''Hattiradinda Kanda Hattu Mukhagalu''
* Malini Mallya, ''Naanu Kanda Karantaru''

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–69}}
{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{SangeetNatakAkademiFellowship}}
{{National Film Award Best Story}}
{{National Film Award Special Mention feature film}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karanth, Shivaram}}
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian atheists]]
[[Category:Indian environmentalists]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:Kannada-language writers]]
[[Category:People from Udupi district]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada]]
[[Category:Novelists from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Special Mention (feature film) National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Story National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Magic realism writers]]

Shivaram Karanth - Revision history

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