Shishupala - Revision history

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2022-11-26T03:55:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 26 November 2022
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	Nakula (Son - in - law)		Nakula (Son - in - law)
	\| name = Shishupal		\| name = Shishupal
			\| spouse = Kaushalya (In some texts)
	}}		}}
	'''Shishupala''' ({{lang-sa\|शिशुपाल}}, lit. ''protector of demon'', [[IAST]]: ''Śiśupāla''; sometimes spelt '''Sisupala''') was the son of Damaghosha after whom descendants to Chedi Kings were named as [[Hindu Ghosi]]s a tribe king of [[Yadav]]as in of [[Chedi Kingdom\|Chedi]], by Srutashubha , sister of [[Vasudeva]] and [[Kunti]] and cousin of [[Nanda Baba]]. He was slained by [[Krishna]], his cousin and an avatar of [[Vishnu]], at the great coronation ceremony of [[Yudhishthira]] in punishment for the opprobrious abuse made against his august personage. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala was the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Jaya-Vijaya\|Jaya]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=India through the ages\|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada\|last=Gopal\|first=Madan\|year= 1990\| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]\|editor=K.S. Gautam\|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>		'''Shishupala''' ({{lang-sa\|शिशुपाल}}, lit. ''protector of demon'', [[IAST]]: ''Śiśupāla''; sometimes spelt '''Sisupala''') was the son of Damaghosha after whom descendants to Chedi Kings were named as [[Hindu Ghosi]]s a tribe king of [[Yadav]]as in of [[Chedi Kingdom\|Chedi]], by Srutashubha , sister of [[Vasudeva]] and [[Kunti]] and cousin of [[Nanda Baba]]. He was slained by [[Krishna]], his cousin and an avatar of [[Vishnu]], at the great coronation ceremony of [[Yudhishthira]] in punishment for the opprobrious abuse made against his august personage. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala was the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Jaya-Vijaya\|Jaya]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=India through the ages\|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada\|last=Gopal\|first=Madan\|year= 1990\| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]\|editor=K.S. Gautam\|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>

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	{{short description\|Character of the epic Mahabharata}}		{{short description\|Character of the epic Mahabharata}}
	{{Infobox character		{{Infobox character
	\| color = #~~FFC569~~		\| color = #064E40
	\| info-hdr = Information		\| info-hdr = Information
	\| image = Krishna kills Shishupala.jpg		\| image = Krishna kills Shishupala.jpg
	\| alt = Shishupala		\| alt = Shishupala
	\| caption = Krishna slays Shishupala		\| caption = Krishna slays Shishupala at Rajasuya Yagya of Yudhishthir.
	\| children = Dhrishtaketu, [[Karenumati]], Mahipala, Suketu, Sarabha		\| children = Dhrishtaketu, [[Karenumati]], Mahipala, Suketu, Sarabha
	\| family = {{unbulleted list\|Damaghosha (father)\|Shrutasharava (mother)}}		\| family = {{unbulleted list\|Damaghosha (father)\|Shrutasharava (mother)}}
	\| relatives = {{unbulleted list\|[[Krishna]] (maternal cousin)\|[[Dantavakra]] (maternal cousin)}}		\| relatives = {{unbulleted list\|[[Krishna]] (maternal cousin)\|[[Dantavakra]] (maternal cousin)}}
	Nakula (Son - in - law)		Nakula (Son - in - law)
			\| name = Shishupal
	}}		}}
	'''Shishupala''' ({{lang-sa\|शिशुपाल}}, lit. ''protector of demon'', [[IAST]]: ''Śiśupāla''; sometimes spelt '''Sisupala''') was the son of Damaghosha after whom descendants to Chedi Kings were named as [[Hindu Ghosi]]s a tribe king of [[Yadav]]as in of [[Chedi Kingdom\|Chedi]], by ~~Srutashravas~~, sister of [[Vasudeva]] and [[Kunti]] and cousin of [[Nanda Baba]]. He was slained by [[Krishna]], his cousin and an avatar of [[Vishnu]], at the great coronation ceremony of [[Yudhishthira]] in punishment for the opprobrious abuse made against his august personage. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala was the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Jaya]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=India through the ages\|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada\|last=Gopal\|first=Madan\|year= 1990\| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]\|editor=K.S. Gautam\|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>		'''Shishupala''' ({{lang-sa\|शिशुपाल}}, lit. ''protector of demon'', [[IAST]]: ''Śiśupāla''; sometimes spelt '''Sisupala''') was the son of Damaghosha after whom descendants to Chedi Kings were named as [[Hindu Ghosi]]s a tribe king of [[Yadav]]as in of [[Chedi Kingdom\|Chedi]], by Srutashubha , sister of [[Vasudeva]] and [[Kunti]] and cousin of [[Nanda Baba]]. He was slained by [[Krishna]], his cousin and an avatar of [[Vishnu]], at the great coronation ceremony of [[Yudhishthira]] in punishment for the opprobrious abuse made against his august personage. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala was the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Jaya-Vijaya\|Jaya]].<ref>{{cite book\|title=India through the ages\|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada\|last=Gopal\|first=Madan\|year= 1990\| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]\|editor=K.S. Gautam\|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>

	==In the Mahabharata==		==In the Mahabharata==

	The [[Mahabharata]] states that Shishupala was born with three eyes and four arms. His parents were inclined to cast him out but were warned by a voice from heaven (''ākāśavāṇī'') not to do so, as his time had not come. It also foretold that his superfluous bodyparts would disappear when a certain person took the child into his lap and that he would eventually die at the hands of that same person. Coming to visit his cousin, [[Krishna]] placed the child on his lap and the extra eye and arms disappeared, thus indicating Shishupala's death was destined at the hands of Krishna. In the Mahabharata, Shishupala's mother persuaded her nephew, Krishna, that he would pardon his cousin Shishupala for a hundred offences.{{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}}		The [[Mahabharata]] states that Shishupala was born with three eyes and four arms. His parents were inclined to cast him out but were warned by a voice from heaven (''ākāśavāṇī'') not to do so, as his time had not come. It also foretold that his superfluous bodyparts would disappear when a certain person took the child into his lap and that he would eventually die at the hands of that same person. Coming to visit his cousin, [[Krishna]] placed the child on his lap and the extra eye and arms disappeared, thus indicating Shishupala's death was destined at the hands of Krishna. In the Mahabharata, Shishupala's mother Shrutasubha persuaded her nephew, Krishna, that he would pardon his cousin Shishupala for a hundred offences.<ref>{{Source-attribution\| {{cite book \|last1=Dowson \|first1=John \|title=A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature \|date=1879 \|publisher=Trubner & Co., Ludgate Hill \|location=London \|page=294 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PwsYAAAAYAAJ \|access-date=September 19, 2021}}}}</ref>{{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}}

	[[Rukmi]], the prince of [[Vidarbha]], was very close to Shishupala. He wanted his sister [[Rukmini]] to marry Shishupala. But before the ceremony could take place, Rukmini was carried away by Krishna (according to her wish). This made Shishupala hate Krishna. {{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}}		[[Rukmi]], the prince of [[Vidarbha]], was very close to Shishupala. He wanted his sister [[Rukmini]] to marry Shishupala. But before the ceremony could take place, Rukmini was carried away by Krishna (according to her wish). This made Shishupala hate Krishna. {{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}}
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	At that event, the [[Pandavas]] decided that Krishna would be the special honoured guest of the sacrificial ceremony. This angered Shishupala and he started insulting Krishna, calling him a mere cowherd and worthless to be honoured as a king.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118386.html\|title=Shishupala's Liberation [Chapter 6]\|last=www.wisdomlib.org\|date=2015-01-09\|website=www.wisdomlib.org\|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> He also started insulting [[Bhishma]], calling his vow to remain a [[celibate]] throughout life as an act of cowardice. Bhishma became furious and threatened Shishupala, but Krishna calmed him down. Through this act, he committed his 100th sin and was pardoned by Krishna. When he insulted Krishna again, he committed his 101st sin. Krishna then released his [[Sudarshana Chakra]] on Shishupala, killing him on the spot.{{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}} Shishupala's soul was liberated and attained salvation by merging into Krishna's body.		At that event, the [[Pandavas]] decided that Krishna would be the special honoured guest of the sacrificial ceremony. This angered Shishupala and he started insulting Krishna, calling him a mere cowherd and worthless to be honoured as a king.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118386.html\|title=Shishupala's Liberation [Chapter 6]\|last=www.wisdomlib.org\|date=2015-01-09\|website=www.wisdomlib.org\|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> He also started insulting [[Bhishma]], calling his vow to remain a [[celibate]] throughout life as an act of cowardice. Bhishma became furious and threatened Shishupala, but Krishna calmed him down. Through this act, he committed his 100th sin and was pardoned by Krishna. When he insulted Krishna again, he committed his 101st sin. Krishna then released his [[Sudarshana Chakra]] on Shishupala, killing him on the spot.{{sfn\|Chakravarti\|2007}} Shishupala's soul was liberated and attained salvation by merging into Krishna's body.

	The [[Shishupala Vadha]] is a work of classical [[Sanskrit poetry]] (''[[kāvya]]'') composed by [[Māgha]] in the 7th or 8th century. It is an [[epic poem]] consisting of 20 ''sarga''s ([[canto]]s) of about 1800 highly ornate stanzas<ref name=indica>{{citation \| title = Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh \| author1=S. S. Shashi \| publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. \| year = 1996 \| isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 \| page=160 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOexbgmDNNoC&q=sisupala&pg=PA160}}</ref> and is considered one of the six Sanskrit ''mahakavya''s, or "great epics". It is also known as the ''Māgha-kāvya'' after its author. Like other ''kavya''s, it is admired more for its exquisite descriptions and lyrical quality than for any dramatic development of the plot.{{citation needed\|date=June 2016}}. His sons were killed in the [[Kurukshetra War]].		The [[Shishupala Vadha]] is a work of classical [[Sanskrit poetry]] (''[[kāvya]]'') composed by [[Māgha]] in the 7th or 8th century. It is an [[epic poem]] consisting of 20 ''sarga''s ([[canto]]s) of about 1800 highly ornate stanzas<ref name=indica>{{citation \| title = Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh \| author1=S. S. Shashi \| publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. \| year = 1996 \| isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 \| page=160 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOexbgmDNNoC&q=sisupala&pg=PA160}}</ref> and is considered one of the six Sanskrit ''mahakavya''s, or "great epics". It is also known as the ''Māgha-kāvya'' after its author. Like other ''kavya''s, it is admired more for its exquisite descriptions and lyrical quality than for any dramatic development of the plot{{citation needed\|date=June 2016}}. His sons were killed in the [[Kurukshetra War]] {{citation needed\|date=December 2021\|reason=This claim has no citation even on the Māgha page.}}.

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	*Dowson's Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology
	* {{Cite book\|last=Chakravarti\|first=Bishnupada\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&q=Sisupala&pg=PT105\|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata\|date=2007-11-13\|publisher=Penguin UK\|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8\|language=en}}		* {{Cite book\|last=Chakravarti\|first=Bishnupada\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&q=Sisupala&pg=PT105\|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata\|date=2007-11-13\|publisher=Penguin UK\|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8\|language=en}}

imported>Sudarshanj1: Grammar

2021-09-03T15:18:26Z

Grammar

New page

{{use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{short description|Character of the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| color = #FFC569
| info-hdr = Information
| image = Krishna kills Shishupala.jpg
| alt = Shishupala
| caption = Krishna slays Shishupala
| children = Dhrishtaketu, [[Karenumati]], Mahipala, Suketu, Sarabha
| family = {{unbulleted list|Damaghosha (father)|Shrutasharava (mother)}}
| relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Krishna]] (maternal cousin)|[[Dantavakra]] (maternal cousin)}}
Nakula (Son - in - law)
}}
'''Shishupala''' ({{lang-sa|शिशुपाल}}, lit. ''protector of demon'', [[IAST]]: ''Śiśupāla''; sometimes spelt '''Sisupala''') was the son of Damaghosha after whom descendants to Chedi Kings were named as [[Hindu Ghosi]]s a tribe king of [[Yadav]]as in of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]], by Srutashravas, sister of [[Vasudeva]] and [[Kunti]] and cousin of [[Nanda Baba]]. He was slained by [[Krishna]], his cousin and an avatar of [[Vishnu]], at the great coronation ceremony of [[Yudhishthira]] in punishment for the opprobrious abuse made against his august personage. He is also referred to as Chaidya ("(Prince) of the Chedis"). Shishupala was the third and last birth of Vishnu's gatekeeper [[Jaya]].<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/80 80]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>

==In the Mahabharata==

The [[Mahabharata]] states that Shishupala was born with three eyes and four arms. His parents were inclined to cast him out but were warned by a voice from heaven (''ākāśavāṇī'') not to do so, as his time had not come. It also foretold that his superfluous bodyparts would disappear when a certain person took the child into his lap and that he would eventually die at the hands of that same person. Coming to visit his cousin, [[Krishna]] placed the child on his lap and the extra eye and arms disappeared, thus indicating Shishupala's death was destined at the hands of Krishna. In the Mahabharata, Shishupala's mother persuaded her nephew, Krishna, that he would pardon his cousin Shishupala for a hundred offences.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

[[Rukmi]], the prince of [[Vidarbha]], was very close to Shishupala. He wanted his sister [[Rukmini]] to marry Shishupala. But before the ceremony could take place, Rukmini was carried away by Krishna (according to her wish). This made Shishupala hate Krishna. {{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

When [[Yudhishthira]] undertook the [[Rajasuya]] Yajna, he sent [[Bhima]] to obtain the fealty of Shishupala, now king after his father's death. Shishupala accepted Yudhishthira's supremacy with no protest, and was invited to the final ceremony at [[Indraprastha]].

At that event, the [[Pandavas]] decided that Krishna would be the special honoured guest of the sacrificial ceremony. This angered Shishupala and he started insulting Krishna, calling him a mere cowherd and worthless to be honoured as a king.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118386.html|title=Shishupala's Liberation [Chapter 6]|last=www.wisdomlib.org|date=2015-01-09|website=www.wisdomlib.org|access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref> He also started insulting [[Bhishma]], calling his vow to remain a [[celibate]] throughout life as an act of cowardice. Bhishma became furious and threatened Shishupala, but Krishna calmed him down. Through this act, he committed his 100th sin and was pardoned by Krishna. When he insulted Krishna again, he committed his 101st sin. Krishna then released his [[Sudarshana Chakra]] on Shishupala, killing him on the spot.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}} Shishupala's soul was liberated and attained salvation by merging into Krishna's body.

The [[Shishupala Vadha]] is a work of classical [[Sanskrit poetry]] (''[[kāvya]]'') composed by [[Māgha]] in the 7th or 8th century. It is an [[epic poem]] consisting of 20 ''sarga''s ([[canto]]s) of about 1800 highly ornate stanzas<ref name=indica>{{citation | title = Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh | author1=S. S. Shashi | publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. | year = 1996 | isbn=978-81-7041-859-7 | page=160 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GOexbgmDNNoC&q=sisupala&pg=PA160}}</ref> and is considered one of the six Sanskrit ''mahakavya''s, or "great epics". It is also known as the ''Māgha-kāvya'' after its author. Like other ''kavya''s, it is admired more for its exquisite descriptions and lyrical quality than for any dramatic development of the plot.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}. His sons were killed in the [[Kurukshetra War]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
*Dowson's Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology
* {{Cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Bishnupada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&q=Sisupala&pg=PT105|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata|date=2007-11-13|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8|language=en}}

==External links==
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Śiśupāla|short=x}}

{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category: Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category: People related to Krishna]]
[[Category: Characters in the Bhagavata Purana]]