Xannat: fix references to improve readability and cleaned formatting

2026-03-05T08:44:14Z

fix references to improve readability and cleaned formatting

imported>ThatDohDude: Changed image, added alphabet template, and other small tweaks.

2021-08-30T02:21:29Z

Changed image, added alphabet template, and other small tweaks.

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{{Short description|Language from the Dardic sub-group of the Indo-Aryan languages family spoken by the Shina people, living in Kashmir region in Pakistan and India}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Shina
| image = File:Shina in Nastaliq.png
| states = [[Pakistan]], [[India]]
| region = [[Gilgit-Baltistan]], [[Ladakh]] ([[Dras]], [[Dah Hanu]]), [[Chitral]], [[Gurais]]
| ethnicity = [[Shina people|Shina]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|612,000|1}} in Pakistan
Total users in all countries: 644,200. Shina Kohistani 401,000<ref>{{cite web |title=ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/status}}</ref>
| date = 2016
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Indo-European
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Dardic languages|Dardic]]
| lc1 = scl
| ld1 = Shina
| lc2 = plk
| ld2 = Kohistani Shina
| script = [[Arabic script]] ([[Nastaʿlīq]])<ref>{{cite web|title= Ethnologue report for Shina |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=scl|website=Ethnologue}}</ref>
| map = Shina language.png
| mapcaption =
| notice = IPA
| glotto = shin1264
| glottoname = Shina
| glotto2 = kohi1248
| glottoname2 = Kohistani Shina
| imagecaption = The word {{lang|ps-Latn|Ṣiṇyaá}} written in the [[Arabic script]] in [[Nastaliq]] style.
| nativename = {{nq|ݜݨیاٗ}}, {{font|font=arial|ݜݨیاٗ}}
}}

'''Shina''' ({{nastaliq|ݜݨیاٗ}}, {{font|font=arial|ݜݨیاٗ}} = {{transl|ur|Ṣiṇyaá}}) is a language from the [[Dardic languages|Dardic sub-group]] of the [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan family]] spoken by the [[Shina people]], a plurality of the people in [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] and Chitral (Arandu, Damel, Biol, Asuret and adjoining areas) of Pakistan and a number of people in [[Ladakh]], [[India]] ([[Dah Hanu]], [[Dras]]), as well as in pockets in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India, such as in [[Gurez]] and [[Chanderkot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1809/18091110.htm |title=Mosaic Of Jammu and Kashmir}}</ref><ref name="Crane1956"/>

Until recently, there was no writing system of the language. A number of schemes have been proposed and there is no single writing system used by all of the speakers of Shina language.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=O2n4sFGDEMYC&pg=PA144&dq=|page=144|title=Language in South Asia|author=Braj B. Kachru |author2=Yamuna Kachru |author3=S. N. Sridhar|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=9781139465502}}</ref>

==Dialects==
In India, the dialects of the Shina language have preserved both initial and final OIA [[consonant cluster]]s, while the Shina dialects spoken in Pakistan have not.<ref name="ItagiLanguages1994">{{cite book|last=Itagi|first=N. H.|title=Spatial aspects of language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SQliAAAAMAAJ|access-date=14 August 2017|year=1994|publisher=[[Central Institute of Indian Languages]]|language=en|page=73|quote=The Shina dialects of India have retained both initial and final OIA consonant clusters. The Shina dialects of Pakistan have lost this distinction.}}</ref>

Dialects of the Shina language are Gilgiti (the prestige dialect), Astori, Chilasi Kohistani, Drasi, Gurezi, Jalkoti, Kolai, Palasi and in Chitral(Dameli, Dangariki, Arandui etc). Related languages spoken by ethnic Shina are [[Brokskat]] (the Shina of Baltistan and Dras), [[Kohistani Shina language|Kohistani Shina]], [[Palula language|Palula]], [[Savi language|Savi]], and [[Ushoji language|Ushojo]].<ref name="Crane1956">{{cite book|last=Crane|first=Robert I.|title=Area Handbook on Jammu and Kashmir State|year=1956|publisher=University of Chicago for the Human Relations Area Files|language=en|page=179|quote=Shina is the most eastern of these languages and in some of its dialects such as the Brokpa of Dah and Hanu and the dialect of Dras, it impinges upon the area of the Sino-Tibetan language family and has been affected by Tibetan with an overlay of words and idioms.}}</ref>

==Geography==
Shina is spoken in various parts of Chitral (Arandu, Damel, Biol, Asuret and adjoining areas) and in the [[Kashmir region]] shared between India and Pakistan. The valleys in which it is spoken include [[Nagar Shinaki]] (including Shainbar to Pisan), [[Southern Hunza]], [[Astore Valley|Astore]], [[Chilas]], [[Darel Valley|Darel]], [[Tangir]], [[Gilgit Valley|Gilgit]], [[Danyor]], [[Oshikhandass]], [[Jalalabad]], [[Haramosh]], [[Bagrot Valley|Bagrote]], [[Golaghmuli Valley|Ghizer]], [[Gurez]], [[Dras]], Gultari Valley, Skardu, [[Sadpara]], [[Juglot]], some areas of Roundu district of Baltistan including [[Ganji Valley]], [[Chamachoo]], [[Shengus]], [[Sabsar]], [[Yulboo]], [[Tallu]], [[Tallu-Broq]], [[Tormik]], some areas of [[Kharmang]] district of Baltistan like [[Duru Village]], [[Tarkati]], [[Ingutt]] and [[Brechil]] and [[Palas, Kohistan|Palas]] and [[Kolai]] in [[Kohistan District, Pakistan|Kohistan]].

==Writing==
Shina is one of the few Dardic languages with a written tradition.{{sfn|Bashir|2003|p=823|ps =. "Of the languages discussed here, Shina (Pakistan) and Khowar have developed a written tradition and a significant body of written material exists."}} However, it was an unwritten language until a few decades ago{{sfn|Schmidt|2003/2004|p=61}} and there still is not a standard [[orthography]].{{sfn|Schmidt|Kohistani|2008|p=14}} Since the first attempts at accurately representing Shina's phonology in the 1960s there have been several proposed orthographies for the different varieties of the language, with debates centering on whether vowel length and tone should be represented.{{sfn|Bashir|2016|p=806}} For the Drasi variety spoken in the Indian union territories of [[Ladakh]] and [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], there have been two proposed schemes, one with the [[Arabic script|Perso-Arabic script]] and the other with the [[Devanagari|Devanagari script]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bashir|2003|pp=823–25}}. The Devanagari scheme was proposed by Rajapurohit ([[#{{harvid|Rajapurohit|1975}}|1975]], pp. 150–52; [[#{{harvid|Rajapurohit|1983}}|1983]], pp. 46–57; [[#{{harvid|Rajapurohit|2012}}|2012]], pp. 68–73). The latter two texts also present Perso-Arabic schemes, which in the [[#{{harvid|Rajapurohit|2012}}|2012 book]] (pp. 15, 60) is given as primary.</ref>

As such, Shina is written with a variation of the [[Urdu alphabet]]. The letters to write Shina are:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://omniglot.com/writing/shina.htm |title=Shina's Writing System}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
! Letter !! Romanization !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ا}}}}|| ʿ || {{IPA|/ʔ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ب}}}}|| b || {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|پ}}}}|| p || {{IPA|/p/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ت}}}}|| t || {{IPA|/t/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ٹ}}}}|| ṭ || {{IPA|/ʈ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ث}}}}|| (s) || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ج}}}}|| ǰ || {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|چ}}}}|| č || {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ح}}}}|| (h) || {{IPA|/h/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|خ}}}}|| ǩ || {{IPA|/x/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|څ}}}}|| c || {{IPA|/t͡s/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ځ}}}}|| j || {{IPA|/d͡z/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ڇ}}}}|| ċ || {{IPA|/ʈ͡ʂ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|د}}}}|| d || {{IPA|/d/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ڈ}}}}|| ḍ || {{IPA|/ɖ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ذ}}}}|| (z) || {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ر}}}}|| r || {{IPA|/r/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ڑ}}}}|| ṛ || {{IPA|/ɽ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ز}}}}|| z || {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ژ}}}}|| ž || {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ڙ}}}}|| ż || {{IPA|/ʐ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|س}}}}|| s || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ش}}}}|| š || {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ݜ}}}}|| ṣ || {{IPA|/ʂ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ص}}}}|| (s) || {{IPA|/s/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ض}}}}|| (d) || {{IPA|/d/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ط}}}}|| (t) || {{IPA|/t/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ظ}}}}|| (z) || {{IPA|/z/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ع}}}}|| ʿ || {{IPA|/ʔ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|غ}}}}|| ǧ || {{IPA|/ɣ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ڠ}}}}|| ŋ || {{IPA|/ŋ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ف}}}}|| f || {{IPA|/f/pʰ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ق}}}}|| (k) || {{IPA|/k/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ک}}}}|| k || {{IPA|/k/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|گ}}}}|| g || {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ل}}}}|| l || {{IPA|/l/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|م}}}}|| m || {{IPA|/m/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ن}}}}|| n || {{IPA|/n/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ݨ}}}}|| ṇ || {{IPA|/ɳ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ں}}}}|| ˜ || {{IPA|/˜/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|و}}}}|| w || {{IPA|/ʊ~w/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ہ}}}}|| h, x || {{IPA|/h/ɦ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ھ}}}}|| _h || {{IPA|/ʰ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ء}}}}|| ʿ || {{IPA|/ʔ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ی}}}}|| y || {{IPA|/j/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%" | {{lang|scl|{{nq|ے}}}}|| e || {{IPA|/e/}}
|}

==Phonology==
The following is a description of the phonology of the Drasi variety spoken in India and the Kohistani variety in Pakistan.

===Vowels===

The Shina principal vowel sounds:{{sfn|Rajapurohit|2012|p=28–31}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"| !! rowspan="2"| Front !! rowspan="2"| Mid !! colspan="2"| Back
|-
! unrd. !! rnd.
|-
! High
| i || || || u
|-
! High-mid
| e || || || o
|-
! Low-mid
| ɛ || ə || ʌ || ɔ
|-
!Low
|(æ)
| a || ||
|}

All vowels but /ɔ/ can be either long or nasalized, though no minimal pairs with the contrast are found.{{sfn|Rajapurohit|2012|p=28–31}} /æ/ is heard from loanwords.{{Sfn|Schmit & Kohistani|2008|p=16}}

===Diphthongs===
In Shina there are the following diphthongs:{{sfn|Rajapurohit|2012|p=32–33}}
* falling: ae̯, ao̯, eə̯, ɛi̯, ɛːi̯, ue̯, ui̯, oi̯, oə̯;
* falling nasalized: ãi̯, ẽi̯, ũi̯, ĩũ̯, ʌĩ̯;
* raising: u̯i, u̯e, a̯a, u̯u.

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!colspan="2"|
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Coronal consonant|Coronal]]
! [[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/<br/>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! [[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]
| {{IPA|p}}
| {{IPA|t}}
| {{IPA|ʈ}}
|
| {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|q}}{{efn|name=Schmidt & Kohistani|Occurs in the Kohistani dialect, Schmidt (2008)}}
|
|-
! [[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]
| {{IPA|pʰ}}
| {{IPA|tʰ}}
| {{IPA|ʈʰ}}
|
| {{IPA|kʰ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
| {{IPA|b}}
| {{IPA|d}}
| {{IPA|ɖ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɡ}}
|
|
|-
! [[Breathy voice|Breathy]]{{efn|name=Schmidt & Kohistani|Occurs in the Kohistani dialect, Schmidt (2008)}}
| {{IPA|bʱ}}
| {{IPA|dʱ}}
| {{IPA|ɖʱ}}
|
| {{IPA|ɡʱ}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
! [[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]
|
| {{IPA|t͡s}}
| {{IPA|ʈ͡ʂ}}
| {{IPA|t͡ʃ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspirated]]
|
| {{IPA|t͡sʰ}}
| {{IPA|ʈ͡ʂʰ}}
| {{IPA|t͡ʃʰ}}
|
|
|
|-
! [[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
|
| {{IPA|d͡z}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
|
| {{IPA|d͡ʒ}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
|
|
|
|-
![[Breathy voice|Breathy]]
|
|
|
|{{IPA|d͡ʒʱ}}{{efn|name=Schmidt & Kohistani|Occurs in the Kohistani dialect, Schmidt (2008)}}
|
|
|
|-
!rowspan="2"| [[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
! [[Voiceless consonant|Voiceless]]
| {{IPA|(f)}}
| {{IPA|s}}
| {{IPA|ʂ}}
| {{IPA|ʃ}}
| {{IPA|x}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
|
| {{IPA|h}}
|-
! [[Voiced consonant|Voiced]]
|
| {{IPA|z}}
| {{IPA|ʐ}}
| {{IPA|ʒ}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
| {{IPA|ɣ}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
|
| {{IPA|ɦ}}{{efn|name=Rajapurohit}}
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| {{IPA|m}} {{IPA|(mʱ)}}{{efn|name=Schmidt & Kohistani|Occurs in the Kohistani dialect, Schmidt (2008)}}
| {{IPA|n}}
| {{IPA|ɳ}}
|
| {{IPA|ŋ}}
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
|
| {{IPA|l}} {{IPA|(lʱ)}}{{efn|name=Schmidt & Kohistani|Occurs in the Kohistani dialect, Schmidt (2008)}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]
|
| {{IPA|r}}
| {{IPA|ɽ}}{{efn|name=Degener}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan="2"| [[Semivowel]]
| {{IPA|ʋ~w}}
|
|
| {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|
|}
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=Rajapurohit|According to Rajapurohit (2012, p. 33–34)}}
{{efn|name=Degener|Degener (2008, p. 14) lists it as a phoneme}}
}}

===Tone===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2015}}
Shina words are often distinguished by three contrasting tones: level, rising, and falling tones. Here is an example that shows the three tones:

"The" has a level tone and means the imperative "Do!"

When the stress falls on the first mora of a long vowel, the tone is falling. ''Thée'' means "Will you do?"

When the stress falls on the second mora of a long vowel, the tone is rising. ''Theé'' means "after having done".

==See also==
*[[Kashmiri language]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

*{{Cite book| last = Bashir| first = Elena L.|author-link=Elena Bashir| year = 2003| chapter = Dardic|editor1= George Cardona |editor2=Dhanesh Jain | title = The Indo-Aryan languages| publisher = Routledge| isbn = 978-0-7007-1130-7| pages = 818–94| location = London| series = Routledge language family series. Y}}
*{{Cite book| last = Bashir| first = Elena L.|author-link=Elena Bashir| date = 2016| chapter = Perso-Arabic adaptions for South Asian languages|editor1-last=Hock|editor1-first=Hans Henrich|editor1-link=Hans Henrich Hock|editor2-last=Bashir|editor2-first=Elena|editor2-link=Elena Bashir| title = The languages and linguistics of South Asia: a comprehensive guide| series = World of Linguistics| publisher = De Gruyter Mouton| location = Berlin| isbn = 978-3-11-042715-8| pages = 803–9}}
*{{Cite book| last = Rajapurohit| first = B. B.| chapter = The problems involved in the preparation of language teaching material in a spoken language with special reference to Shina| date = 1975| others = V. I. Subramoniam, Nunnagoppula Sivarama Murty (eds.)| title = Teaching of Indian languages: seminar papers| series = University publication / Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala| publisher = Dept. of Linguistics, University of Kerala| location = Trivandrum}}
*{{Cite book| last = Rajapurohit| first = B. B.| date = 1983| title = Shina phonetic reader| series = CIIL Phonetic Reader Series| publisher = Central Institute of Indian Languages| location = Mysore}}
*{{cite book|last1=Rajapurohit|first1=B. B.|title=Grammar of Shina Language and Vocabulary : (Based on the dialect spoken around Dras)|date=2012|url=http://www.aa.tufs.ac.jp/~tjun/shina/Grammar_of_Shina_Language_And_Vocabulary.pdf}}
*{{Cite journal| last = Schmidt| first = Ruth Laila| year = 2003–2004| title = The oral history of the Daṛmá lineage of Indus Kohistan| journal = European Bulletin of Himalayan Research| issue = 25/26| pages = 61–79| issn = 0943-8254|url = http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_25&26_03.pdf| ref = {{harvid|Schmidt|2003/2004}} }}
*{{Cite book| last1 = Schmidt| first1 = Ruth Laila| last2 = Kohistani| first2 = Razwal| date = 2008| title = A grammar of the Shina language of Indus Kohistan| series = Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen| publisher = Harrassowitz| location = Wiesbaden| isbn = 978-3-447-05676-2}}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite book| last = Buddruss| first = Georg| date = 1983| chapter = Neue Schriftsprachen im Norden Pakistans. Einige Beobachtungen| editor-last1 = Assmann| editor-first1 = Aleida| editor-last2 = Assmann| editor-first2 = Jan| editor-last3 = Hardmeier| editor-first3 = Christof| title = Schrift und Gedächtnis: Beiträge zur Archäologie der literarischen Kommunikation| publisher = W. Fink| isbn = 978-3-7705-2132-6| pages = 231–44}} A history of the development of writing in Shina
*{{Cite book| last1 = Degener| first1 = Almuth| last2 = Zia| first2 = Mohammad Amin| date = 2008| title = Shina-Texte aus Gilgit (Nord-Pakistan): Sprichwörter und Materialien zum Volksglauben, gesammelt von Mohammad Amin Zia| publisher = Otto Harrassowitz Verlag| isbn = 978-3-447-05648-9}} Contains a Shina grammar, German-Shina and Shina-German dictionaries, and over 700 Shina proverbs and short texts.
*{{Cite book| last = Radloff| first = Carla F.| date = 1992| editor-last1 = Backstrom| editor-first1 = Peter C.| editor-last2 = Radloff| editor-first2 = Carla F.| title = Languages of northern areas| series = Sociolinguistic survey of Northern Pakistan| volume = 2| publisher = National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University| location = Islamabad, Pakistan| url = http://www.sil.org/sociolx/pubs/abstract.asp?id=32840}}
*{{Cite book| last1 = Rensch| first1 = Calvin R.| last2 = Decker| first2 = Sandra J.| last3 = Hallberg| first3 = Daniel G.| date = 1992| title = Languages of Kohistan| series = Sociolinguistic survey of Northern Pakistan| publisher = National Institute of Pakistan Studies Quaid-i- Azam University| location = Islamabad, Pakistan}}
*{{Cite book| last = Zia| first = Mohammad Amin| date = 1986| title = Ṣinā qāida aur grāimar| publisher = Zia Publishers| location = Gilgit|language = ur}}
*{{Cite book| last = Zia| first = Mohammad Amin| title = Shina Lughat (Shina Dictionary)}} Contains 15000 words plus material on the phonetics of Shina.

==External links==
{{Incubator|scl}}
* [http://www.saskenshina.com Sasken Shina], contains materials in and about the language
* [http://www.sil.org/sociolx/pubs/abstract.asp?id=32840 1992 Sociolinguistic Survey of Shina]
* [https://www.jkbose.ac.in/PageDoc/637336592659323255Sheena%205th.pdf Shina Language Textbook for Class5]
* [https://www.jkbose.ac.in/PageDoc/637336648125066585Sheena%206th.pdf Shina Language Textbook for Class6]

{{Languages of Pakistan}}
{{Languages of Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Dardic languages}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shina Language}}
[[Category:Dardic languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
[[Category:Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Languages of Jammu and Kashmir]]

Shina language - Revision history

Xannat: fix references to improve readability and cleaned formatting

imported>ThatDohDude: Changed image, added alphabet template, and other small tweaks.