CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

2023-08-14T16:16:30Z

Removed empty portal template using script

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Religion\|India}}~~
	* [[List of Jain temples]]		* [[List of Jain temples]]
	* [[Tirth Pat]]		* [[Tirth Pat]]

imported>Aaki j at 13:20, 14 May 2021

2021-05-14T13:20:44Z

New page

{{About|the Jain holy site|the mountain peak|Parasnath}}
{{short description|Jain pilgrimage centre and hill forest in Jharkhand, India}}
{{rewrite|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name =Shikharji
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| image = Shikharji Parasnath Giridih.jpg
| alt = Shikharji
| caption = Jain Temples at Shikarji
| map_type = India Jharkhand
| map_alt = Shikharji
| map_caption = Location within Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23.9611|86.1371|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Giridih]], [[Jharkhand]], [[India]]
| elevation_m = 1,365
| festivals = [[Paryushana]]
| deity = [[Tirthankar]]
}}
'''Shri Sammed Shikharji''' ({{IAST|Śikharjī}}) is a pilgrimage site in [[Giridih district]], [[Jharkhand]], India. It is located on [[Parasnath]] hill, the highest mountain in the state of Jharkhand.{{Sfn|Shukla|Kulshreshtha|2019|p=103}} It is the most important [[Tirtha (Jainism)|Jain Tirtha]] (pilgrimage site), believed to be the place where twenty of the twenty-four Jain [[tirthankara]]s along with many other monks attained [[Moksha (Jainism)|Moksha]].{{Sfn|Hachette India|p=123}}

== Etymology ==
''Shikharji'' means the "venerable peak". The site is also called Sammed Śikhar "peak of concentration." because it is a place where twenty of twenty-four [[Tirthankara]]s attained Moksha through meditation.{{Sfn|Jharkhand Tourism|Parasnath}} The word "Parasnath" is derived from [[Parshvanatha]], the twenty-third Jain tirthankara, who was one of those who is believed to have attained [[Moksha (Jainism)|Moksha]] at the site.{{Sfn|Balfour|1885|p=141}}

== Geography ==
Shikarji is located in an inland part of rural east India. It lies on NH-2, the Delhi-Kolkata highway in a section called the Grand Trunk road Shikharji rises to {{convert|4480|ft|m}} making it the highest mountain in [[Jharkhand]] state.{{Sfn|Jharkhand Tourism|Parasnath}}

== History ==
The earliest reference to Shikharji as a tirth (place of pilgrimage) is found in the ''[[Jnatrdharmakathah|Jñātṛdhārmakātha]]'', one of the twelve core texts of Jainism. Shikharji is also mentioned in the ''Pārśvanāthacarita'', a twelfth century biography of Pārśva.

Jharkhand acquired Shikharji under the Bihar Land Reforms Act, leaving the rights of Jains in doubt. Use of Shikharji as a tourist destination also impacts on the religious beliefs of the Jain.

[[Shikharji movement|Save Shikharji]] was a protest movement by [[Jainism in India|Jain sects]] against the state's development plans for Shikharji. Jains opposed the plans of the state government to improve the infrastructure in the hill to boost tourism as alleged attempts to commercialize the Shikharji hill.{{Sfn|India Times|Plot identified for helipad atop Parasnath Hill}} The movement was headed by Yugbhushan Suri, and demanded Shikharji Hill to be declared officially as a place of worship by the [[Government of Jharkhand]].{{Sfn|India Times|Shikharji Protest}} On 26 October 2018, the Government of Jharkhand issued an official memorandum declaring the Shikharji hill as a 'place of worship'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-10-26|title=Huge Relief For Jain Community As Jharkhand Accepts Plea To Save The Holy Shikharji Hill|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/huge-relief-for-jain-community-as-jharkhand-accepts-plea-to-save-the-holy-shikharji-hill-355487.html|access-date=2021-01-12|website=IndiaTimes|language=en-IN}}</ref>

== Approach ==
[[File:Shikharji trail map.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Trail map showing tonks on Parasnath Hill]]
The section from Gandharva Nala stream to the summit is the most sacred to Jains.{{Sfn|Shukla|Kulshreshtha|2019|p=103}} The pilgrimage is made on foot or by a [[litter (vehicle)|litter]] or ''doli'' carried by a ''doliwallah'' along a concrete paved track.{{Sfn|Time of India|doli lifters}} Along the track are shrines to each of the twenty four ''tirthankaras'' and vendors of tea, coffee, water, fruits and snacks.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

In 2019, [[Delhi Chief Minister]] [[Arvind Kejriwal]] included Sammed Shikharji under Mukhyamantri Tirth Yatra Yojana.{{Sfn|Outlook|Sammed Shikharji under Mukhyamantri Tirth Yatra Yojana}}

== Temples ==
[[File:Tonk_SHRI_10008_PARASNATH_BHAGVAN.jpg|thumb|Tonk of [[Parshvanatha]], Shikharji]]
The temple at Shikharji is a new construction with some parts dating to the eighteenth century. However, the idol itself is very old. Sanskrit inscriptions at the foot of the image date to 1678. At the base of Shikharji is a temple to Bhomiyaji (Taleti). On the walls of the [[Jain temple]] at the village of Madhuban, there is a mural painting depicting all the temples on Parasnath Hill. Temples along the track include:
{{Div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Ganadhara]]
* [[Kunthunatha]]
* [[Rishabha]]natha
* [[Chandraprabha]]
* [[Naminatha]]
* [[Aranatha]]
* [[Māllīnātha]]
* [[Shreyanasanatha]]
* [[Pushpadanta]]
* [[Padmaprabha]]
* Suvichran
* [[Chandraprabha]]
* [[Rishabha|Adinath]]
* [[Anantanatha]]
* [[Shitalanatha]]
* [[Sambhavanatha]]
* [[Vasupujya]]
* [[Abhinandananatha]]
* [[Ganadhara]]
* Jal Mandir
* [[Dharmanatha]]
* [[Mahavira|Vardhaman]]
* Varishen
* [[Sumatinatha]]
* [[Shantinatha]]
* [[Mahavira]]
* [[Suparshvanatha]]
* [[Vimalanatha]]
* [[Ajitanatha]]
* [[Neminatha]]
* [[Parshvanatha]]
{{div col end}}

== Replicas ==
On August 13, 2012, the world's first to-scale complete replication of Shikharji was opened in [[Siddhachalam]] in [[New Jersey]] over 120 acres of hilly terrain.<ref>[http://www.siddhachalam.org/about/shikharji-at-siddhachalam/ Shikharji at Siddhachalam]</ref> Called Shikharji at Siddhachalam, it has become an important place of pilgrimage for the Jain diaspora.{{Sfn|Richardson|2014|p=174}} There is a small scale replica of Shikharji at [[Dādābadī#Mehrauli|Dādābadī, Mehrauli]].

== Transport ==
The nearest railway station named "[[Parasnath Station]]" is situated in [[Isri|Isri Bazar]], Dumri, Jharkhand. Its around 25 km from [[Madhuban, Giridih|Madhuban]], at the base of Shikharji. Parasnath station is situated on [[Grand Chord]], which is part of [[Howrah-Gaya-Delhi line]] and [[Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line]]. Many long-distance trains have halts at Parasnath Station. Daily connectivities to Mumbai, Delhi, Jaipur, Ajmer, Kolkata, Patna, Allahbad, Kanpur, Jammutawi, Amritsar, Kalka etc. are available. Even 12301-12302 [[Howrah Rajdhani Express]] via [[Gaya Junction]] has a halt on Parasnath station which run 6 days in a week.

By Airway;
Nearest airport is [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport]], Durgapur (RDP) West Bengal and 4 hour drive from airport. Durgapur has direct flights from Kolkata and Delhi

[[Birsa Munda Airport]], Ranchi (IXR), Jharkhand is also around 180 km (Approximately 4.5 hours), and the drive to Shikhar Ji is quite smooth. Direct flights are available from Delhi.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Sikharji_jalmandir.jpg|Aerial view of Jal Mandir
Jal_mandir_parasnath.JPG|Jal mandir
Gautam Labdhi Vihar, Madhuban.jpg|Gautam Swami Temple
Chandranan Temple, Madhuban.jpg|Chandrananswami Temple
Abhinandannath Temple, Madhuban.jpg|Abhinandannath Temple
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Religion|India}}
* [[List of Jain temples]]
* [[Tirth Pat]]
* [[Nirvana Kanda]]

== References ==
=== Citation ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{citation |last=Richardson |first=E. Allen |title=Seeing Krishna in America: The Hindu Bhakti Tradition of Vallabhacharya in India and Its Movement to the West |url={{Google books|BWQMBAAAQBAJ|page=174|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |date=2014 |isbn=9780786459735 }}
* {{citation |last1=Shukla |first1=U N | last2=Kulshreshtha | first2=Sharad Kumar |title=Emerging Trends in Indian Tourism and Hospitality: Transformation and Innovation |url={{Google books|58OkDwAAQBAJ|page=103|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} |publisher=Copal Publishing Group |date=2019 |isbn=9789383419760 }}
* {{cite book|ref={{SfnRef|Hachette India}} | author=Hachette India|title=Indiapedia: The All-India Factfinder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LS9nAQAAQBAJ|date=25 October 2013|publisher=Hachette India|isbn=978-93-5009-766-3}}
* {{Citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iU0OAAAAQAAJ|title=The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia|edition=Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures|volume=3rd volume|first=Edward|last=Balfour|author-link=Edward Balfour|publisher=B. Quaritch|date=1885|access-date=2017-10-02}}
* {{Cite web | url=http://jharkhandtourism.gov.in/destinationDetails/82 | publisher=Jharkhand Tourism | title=Parasnath | ref={{SfnRef|Jharkhand Tourism|Parasnath}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Jains protest plan to convert sacred hill into tourist centre |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/jains-protest-plan-to-convert-sacred-hill-into-tourist-centre/articleshow/66200246.cms |access-date=14 October 2018| ref={{SfnRef|India Times|Shikharji Protest}} }}
* {{cite news |title=Plot identified for helipad atop Parasnath Hill |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Plot-identified-for-helipad-atop-Parasnath-Hill/articleshow/50531293.cms |access-date=14 October 2018 |agency=Times of India |date=Jan 11, 2016|ref={{SfnRef|India Times|Plot identified for helipad atop Parasnath Hill}} }}
* {{Cite news | title=Expert team of doli lifters carries devotees to the top | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/expert-team-of-doli-lifters-carries-devotees-to-the-top/articleshow/62847644.cms| first=M. | last=Shrinivasa | date=9 February 2018 | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | ref={{SfnRef|Time of India|doli lifters}} }}
* {{Cite news| url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/jain-community-thanks-delhi-cm-for-including-sammed-shikharji-under-mukhyamantri-tirth-yatra-yojana/1642145 | newspaper=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] | title=Jain community thanks Delhi CM for including Sammed Shikharji under Mukhyamantri Tirth Yatra Yojana | date=16 October 2019 | ref={{SfnRef|Outlook|Sammed Shikharji under Mukhyamantri Tirth Yatra Yojana}} }}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://giridih.nic.in/tourist-places|Tourist Places in Giridih (Official Website)}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Parasnath Hills}}

{{Jain temples}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{North Chotanagpur Division topics}}
{{Temple towns in Jharkhand}}
{{Damodar Valley}}

[[Category:Jain temples in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Giridih district]]
[[Category:Holy cities]]
[[Category:Religion in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jain pilgrimage sites]]

Shikharji - Revision history

CleanupBot II: Removed empty portal template using script

imported>Aaki j at 13:20, 14 May 2021