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{{short description|Sultan of Kashmir from 1354 to 1373}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shihabu'd-Din Shah
| title = Sultan of Kashmir<br>The Lion's Claw<br>Badshah
| image =
| succession = 5th [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultan of Kashmir]]
| reign = 19 April 1354 – 6 June 1373
| coronation =
| predecessor = [[Alauddin Shah|Alau'd-Din Shah]]
| successor = [[Qutbu'd-Din Shah]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 6 June 1373
| death_place = [[Srinagar]], Kashmir Sultanate<br>{{small|(present-day [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India)}}
| spouse = Rani Lakshmi<ref>{{cite book|last=Hasan|first=Mohibbul|title=Kashmir Under the Sultans|year=1959|page=52|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.3147/page/52/mode/2up}}</ref>
| spouse-type = Consort
| issue = Hasan Khan<br> Ali Khan {{sfn|Hasan|1959|p=52}}
| full name = Shihabu'd-Din Shah Miri
| dynasty = [[Shah Mir dynasty]]
| father = [[Alauddin Shah|Alau'd-Din Shah]]
| mother =
| signature =
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| royal anthem =
}}

'''Shihabu'd-Din Shah Miri''' ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and {{langx|fa|{{nq|شهاب الدین شاه میری}}}}) commonly known as '''Sherashamak''' (شِیراشَامَک ''The Lion's Claw''; reigned 19 April 1354 – 6 June 1373), or simply '''Shihabu'd-Din Shah''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=J. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.180776 |title=Kings Of Kashmira |date=1879 |pages=26}}</ref> was a ruler from the [[Shah Mir dynasty]] based in [[Kashmir division|Kashmir]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Retzlaff |first1=Ralph H. |last2=Hasan |first2=Mohibbul |date= |title=Kashmir under the Sultans |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/595144 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume= |issue=4 |pages=46 |doi=10.2307/595144 |jstor=595144 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was the fifth [[Kashmir Sultanate|Sultan of Kashmir]] who ruled from 1354 to 1373.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/baharistaneshahi_201910 |title=BAHARISTAN E SHAHI |pages=20b–21b}}</ref> Shihab is considered to be one of the most powerful kings of Kashmir<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chādūrah |first=Ḥaydar Malik |url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/SCSB-6850343 |title=History of Kashmir |date=1991 |publisher=Delhi: Bhavna Prakashan |pages=107a |language=English}}</ref> as his empire extended from [[Kashgar]] [[Maryul|Ladakh]] to [[West Punjab]] and from [[Kabul]] to [[Chamba State|Chamba]].<ref name="Retzlaff 49">{{Cite journal |last1=Retzlaff |first1=Ralph H. |last2=Hasan |first2=Mohibbul |date=October 1959 |title=Kashmir under the Sultans |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/595144 |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume= |issue= |pages=49 |doi=10.2307/595144 |jstor=595144 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Reign==
Sultan Shihabu’d-din Shah, the fifth Sultan of Kashmir, reigned from 1354 to 1373. Born as ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]: شِیراشَامَک) meaning "'''The Lion's Claw'''". Shihabu’d-din is considered to be one of the most powerful kings of [[Kashmir Sultanate|Kashmiri rulers]]. His rule marked a period of significant expansion, consolidating an empire that stretched from [[Kashgar]], [[Maryul|Ladakh]] to [[West Punjab]] and from [[Kabul]] to [[Chamba State|Chamba]] Under his reign [[Kashmir Sultanate|Kashmiri Sultanate]] reached its greatest territorial extent.<ref name="Retzlaff 49"/>

===Military triumphs===
====Conquests====
As a broad minded intellectual, Shihab'ud-Din, in the first half of his tenure, took care of the Sultanate and brought stability to the social and integral structure of Kashmir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=49|doi=10.4324/9781032666709 }}</ref> Full of animation and efficiency, Shihab'ud-Din set out to conquer its neighbour polities to expand and glorify his state. Marching through [[Baramulla]], he first occupied [[Pakhli]] and went on to add [[Swat District|Swat]] to his realm.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=50|doi=10.4324/9781032666709 }}</ref> Next, he invaded the Khokhar dominated [[Pothohar Plateau|Pothohar]], which extended from [[Attock]] to [[Sialkot]]. His commander-in-chief (Mir Bakhshi), Malik Candra, on the other hand, subdued [[Jammu district|Jammu]], [[Kishtwar district|Kishtwar]], [[Chamba district|Chamba]], and other [[Hill States of India|hill states]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Hasan |first=Mohibbul |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032666709 |title=Kashmir Under the Sultans |date=2023-09-26 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-66670-9 |location=London |pages=51|doi=10.4324/9781032666709 }}</ref> Occupying all the bordering states in the south, Shihab'ud-Din went on to defeat the [[Dardic languages|Dardic]] forces of [[Gilgit District|Gilgit]] and the hill states of the north. [[Baltistan]] under the [[Maqpon Dynasty|Maqpons]] and [[Ladakh]] under the [[Maryul]]s were, at that time, tributary states of [[Moghulistan]] and [[Phagmodrupa dynasty|Tibet]], respectively.<ref name=":5" /> Shihab'ud-Din, along with Malik Candra, faced the [[Balti people|Baltis]] and [[Kashgarian|Kashgaris]], defeating them easily and soundly.<ref name=":5" /> He then moved towards Ladakh, beating the joint forces of [[Ladakhis]] and Tibetis.<ref name=":5" /> After all these conquests, Shihab'ud-Din returned to Srinagar around 1370 and rather ought to live the rest of his life peacefully but just after some years, in 1373, he died due to a viral illness.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dutt |first=Jogesh Chunder |title=Rajatarangini of Jonaraja |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Gyan Publishing House |isbn=978-81-212-0037-0 |location=New Delhi |pages=47–48 |language=English}}</ref>
One of Sultan Shihabu’d-din's remarkable feats was his victory against the ruler of [[Kashgar]], who invaded Kashmir with a formidable army. Despite numerical inferiority, Shihabu’d-din's strategic prowess led to the defeat of the Kashgar forces. This triumph resulted in the annexation of [[Ladakh]] and [[Baltistan]] into the [[Kashmir Sultanate|Kashmiri rule]]<ref name="Nath 2003">{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=R. |title=Oxford Art Online |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t070476 |chapter=Qutb Shahi |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t070476 |isbn=9781884446054}}</ref>

===March towards Delhi===
{{Main|Battle of Sutlej (1370)}}
Sultan Shihabu’d-din's ambitions extended beyond Kashmir, prompting a march towards Delhi. The confrontation occurred at the banks of the [[Sutlej|River Satluj]] against [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq|Feroz Shah Tughlaq]]'s army. A peace agreement was reached, stipulating that territories from [[Sirhind-Fategarh|Sirhind]] to Kashmir now belonged to the [[Kashmir Sultanate|Kashmiri Empire]].<ref name="Nath 2003"/>

===Administration===
====Hindu Courtiers in a Muslim Court====
An intriguing aspect of Shihabu’d-din's reign was his embrace of diversity. He notably retained Hindu courtiers in his administration, with Kota Bhat and Udyashri being prominent figures. This unusual practice set him apart from his predecessors.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1373 deaths]]
[[Category:Sultans of Kashmir]]
[[Category:Shah Mir dynasty]]

Shihabu'd-Din Shah - Revision history

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