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{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{about|the hill|Jain temple|Palitana Jain temples}}
{{Infobox mountain
| photo = Satrunjaya Stairway.jpg
| photo_caption = Climbing the stairs of Shatrunjaya Maha Tirth
| elevation_m = 580
| elevation_ref = archaeological survey of india
| location = [[Palitana]], [[Bhavnagar district]], [[Gujarat]]
| map = India Gujarat
| map_caption = Location in Gujarat
| label = Shatrunjaya
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|21|28|6|N|71|48|0|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Shatrunjaya''' or Shetrunjaya ("place of victory against inner enemies")<ref name="Arnett2006">{{cite book|last=Arnett|first=Robert|title=India Unveiled|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tmn91va2e4UC&pg=PT164|access-date=17 December 2012|date=15 July 2006|publisher=Atman Press|isbn=978-0-9652900-4-3|pages=164–}}</ref> originally '''Pundarikgiri'''), are [[hill]]s located by the city of [[Palitana]], in [[Bhavnagar district]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]. They are situated on the banks of the [[Shetrunji River]] at an elevation {{convert|164|ft}} above sea level. These hills have similarities to other hills where [[Jainism|Jain]] temples have been built in [[Bihar]], [[Gwalior]], [[Mount Abu]] and [[Girnar]].<ref name="Cort2010">{{cite book|author=John Cort|title=Framing the Jina:Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDBpq23-0QoC&pg=PA120|access-date=17 December 2012|date=21 January 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-538502-1|pages=120–}}</ref>

The Jain's sacred hill of Shatrunjaya have 865 temples atop itself.<ref name="Melton2011">{{cite book|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC&pg=PA19|access-date=21 December 2012|date=13 September 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-205-0|pages=19–}}</ref> The hills were sanctified when [[Rishabha]], the first [[tirthankara]] of [[Jainism]], gave his first sermon on the top of this hill .<ref name=Yatra>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-02/rajkot/28091395_1_devotees-palitana-jain|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025064717/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-02/rajkot/28091395_1_devotees-palitana-jain|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 October 2012|title=Pilgrims flock Palitana for Kartik Poornima yatra|date=2 November 2009|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=20 December 2012}}</ref> The ancient history of the hills is also traced to Pundarika Swami, a chief [[Ganadhara]]<ref name=jup>{{cite web | url=http://www.jainuniversity.org/PDFs/eng-lib/10.9.pdf | title=Jain Festivals - Chaitra Purnima | publisher=Jain University | access-date=10 January 2013}}</ref> and grandson of Rishabha, who attained [[Nirvana]]/[[Moksha]] here. His shrine located opposite to the main Adinath temple, built by Son of Rishabha, Bharata.<ref name="DavidsonGitlitz2002">{{cite book|author1=Dr Linda Kay Davidson|author2=David Martin Gitlitz|title=Pilgrimage: From the Ganges to Graceland : An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YVYkrNhPMQkC&pg=PA419|access-date=17 December 2012|date=1 November 2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-004-8|pages=419–}}</ref><ref name=Hindu>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060402020600.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923132241/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2004/06/04/stories/2004060402020600.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2004|title=Glistening spires of Palitana temples|date= 4 April 2004|access-date=20 December 2012|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

There are several alternate spellings, including Śatruñjaya, Satrunjaya, Shetrunja, and Shetrunjo. Shatrunjaya was also known as Pundarikgiri as Pundarik was said to have attained [[nirvana]] on this mountain.{{cn|date=October 2020}} Alternate names include ''Siddhakshetra'' or ''Siddhanchal'' as many thirtankaras have received enlightenment here.{{Sfn|Deshpande|2005|pp=418–419}}

==Etymology==
Shatrunjaya, the name for Mount Shatrunjaya where it is located, means a "place of victory" or "which conquers enemies".<ref name="Arnett2006"/><ref name=heritage>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jainheritagecentres.com/index.php/jainism-in-india/gujarat/303-palitana|title=Palitana|access-date=17 December 2012|publisher=Official website of Jain Heritage Centre}}</ref><ref>[http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/jainism/murti.html "Murtipujakas, Jainism", ''Encyclopedia of World Religions'' (PHILTAR), University of Cambria] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013131021/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/jainism/murti.html |date=13 October 2007 }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Satrunjaya_Hill_Stairway.jpg|left|thumb|250px| Steps on the Satrunjaya Hill]]
The [[Gulf of Khambhat]] is to the south of the Shatrunjaya Hills, [[Bhavnagar]] town is to its north, and a river flows between the two hills. Legend states that the hill is a part of the [[Girnar|Girnar ranges]].<ref name="Guides2011" /> A path along the ridge leads down to the [[Adipur]] valley, a distance of {{convert|13|km}}.<ref name="Guides2011">{{cite book|author=Rough Guides|title=The Rough Guide to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6VT6aAXqO8kC&pg=PT1216|access-date=17 December 2012|date=20 January 2011|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-4053-8849-8|pages=1216–}}</ref> Palitana town is at the base of the foothills, {{convert|56|km}} from Bhavanagar. The topography is rugged while the landscape is drought-affected.<ref name="Arnett2006"/>

==Culture==
The hills are an ancient ''[[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirtha]]'' (religious pilgrimage site). The [[Palitana temples]], a pilgrimage complex on both hills and their saddle, are reached by climbing approximately 3750 stone steps, which are carved into the mountain.<ref name="heritage"/><ref name="Kumar2003">{{cite book|author=Brajesh Kumar|title=Pilgrimage Centers Of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qqei_Wo1qXwC&pg=PA157|access-date=17 December 2012|year=2003|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|isbn=978-81-7182-185-3|pages=157–}}</ref> The climb is {{convert|3.5|km}} from the base and takes approximately two hours.<ref name="TaylorM.D.2011">{{cite book|author1=Max T. Taylor|author2=Max T. Taylor M.D.|title=Many Lives, One Lifespan: An Autobiography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LJbua7AsK68C&pg=PA301|access-date=17 December 2012|date=28 July 2011|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|isbn=978-1-4628-8799-6|pages=301–}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} The hills are closed to pilgrims for four months during the monsoon season. The pilgrimage is known as "''Shri Shantrunjay Teerth Yatra''". It occurs from the [[Purnima (day)|Poornima]] day ([[Full Moon]] Day) of [[Kartika (month)|Kartik]] month according to the [[Jain calendar]] (October–November as per the [[Gregorian calendar]]). Jains assemble at the foot of the hills to undertake the ''[[yatra]]'' (religious journey). During this yatra, considered a great event in the lifetime of a Jain, pilgrims [[Circumambulation|circumambulate]] the Shatrunjaya hills covering a distance of {{convert|216|km}} on foot, offering prayers.<ref name=Yatra/>

==See also==
* [[Palitana temples]]
* [[Palitana]]
* [[Tirth Pat]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|last= Deshpande |first=Aruna|title= India:Divine Destination|work=Palitana|pages=418–419 | publisher=Crest Publishing House|year=2005|isbn=81-242-0556-6}}

[[Category:Hills of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Jain pilgrimage sites]]

[[ml:ശത്രുഞ്ജയ കുന്ന്]]

Shatrunjaya - Revision history

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