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{{short description|Indian mathematician and astrophysicist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1936|05|07}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2021|01|11|1936|05|07}}
| birth_place = [[British Raj|India]]
| occupation = Astrophysicist, Mathematician
| alma_mater = [[Elphinstone College]]<br>[[Peterhouse College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
}}
'''Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre''' [[Indian National Science Academy|FNA]], [[Indian Academy of Sciences|FASc]], [[National Academy of Sciences, India|FNASc]], [[Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society|FRAS]] (7 May 1936 – 11 January 2021) was an [[India]]n [[mathematician]] and [[astrophysicist]], known for his research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. The [[Government of India]] honored him, in 2012, with [[Padma Bhushan]], the third highest civilian award, for his services to the sciences.<ref name="Padma">{{cite web | url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881# | title=Padma | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Dynamo Theory - Outer core convection and magnetic field geenration.svg|thumb|240px|Illustration of the dynamo mechanism that creates the Earth's magnetic field: convection currents of magma in the Earth's outer core, driven by heat flow from the inner core, organized into rolls by the Coriolis force, creates circulating electric currents, which generate the magnetic field.<ref name="Dynamo Theory">{{cite web | url=https://courses.seas.harvard.edu/climate/eli/Courses/EPS281r/Sources/Earth-dynamo/more/2001%20Demorest,%20Dynamo%20theory%20and%20Earth's%20magnetic%20field%20.pdf | title=Dynamo Theory and Earth's Magnetic Field | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref>]]
[[File:A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble.JPG|thumb|240px|Gravitational Lensing - A Horseshoe Einstein Ring from Hubble]]
Shashikumar Chitre graduated in Mathematics from the [[Elphinstone College|Elphinstone College, Mumbai]], in 1956, on completion of which he was awarded the Duke of Edinburgh Scholarship to study abroad. He joined [[Peterhouse College]], [[University of Cambridge]] and did another bachelor's degree in 1959. In 1960, he was selected as the Peterhouse Scholar, with which he completed his master's degree. Subsequently, he got selected for [[Gulbenkian Foundation|Gulbenkian]] Research studentship, moved to [[Churchill College]] and obtained his PhD from the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Cambridge, in 1963.<ref name="PhD">{{cite web | url=http://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=114958 | title=PhD | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref><ref name="INSA">{{cite web | url=http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0990 | title=INSA | access-date=August 6, 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812221531/http://insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N88-0990 | archive-date=August 12, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="CBS">{{cite web | url=http://cbs.ac.in/people/physics-faculty/shashikumar-m-chitre | title=CBS | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref>

Chitre started his career as a Lecturer at the [[University of Leeds]], in 1963, and worked there till 1966 when he obtained another fellowship to join the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. In 1967, he returned to India and joined the faculty of [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]], which served as the base of his research till his retirement in 2001.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="CBS" /> He lived in Mumbai, attending to his duties as the Academic Chair Person and Professor Emeritus of the ''[[Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai|Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences]]'' (CBS) and the [[INSA]] Honorary Scientist at the [[University of Mumbai]].<ref name="CBS" /> He was also on the board of Trustees of JN Tata Trust and worked as an Honorary Executive Director of [[Homi J. Bhabha|Homi Bhabha]] Fellowship Council.<ref name="INSA" />

Chitre died on 11 January 2021, aged 84.<ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/renowned-astrophysicist-professor-shashikumar-madhusudan-chitre-passes-away-at-84-7142337/ Renowned astrophysicist Professor Shashikumar Madhusudan Chitre passes away at 84]</ref>

==Research highlights==
Chitre's scientific research was focused on [[solar physics]], astrophysics and [[gravitational lensing]].<ref name="CBS" /><ref name="IAS profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.ias.ac.in/php/fell_detail.php3?name=Chitre&intials=Shashikumar&year=07-05-1936 | title=IAS profile | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref> He performed extensive research on the Sun's magnetic activity cycle, the [[Dynamo theory|solar dynamo theory]], and the role of neutrinos in the solar atmosphere.<ref name="CBS" />

==Positions held==
Sashikumar Chitre has been honored by fellowships by many prominent scientific institutions.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="CBS" />
* MaxPlanck Fellow at the [[Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics]]
* [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]
* [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1988)<ref>The Year Book 2014 // Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi</ref>
* [[National Academy of Sciences, India]] (1992)
* [[Third World Academy of Sciences]] (1999)<ref>[http://twas.org/member/chitre-shashikumar-madhusudan TWAS profile]</ref>
* [[Maharashtra Academy of Sciences]]
* [[Royal Astronomical Society]]
* [[International Astronomical Union]]

Chitre also served as a visiting fellow or visiting professor at various prestigious institutions around the world.<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="CBS" />
* [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]] National Lecturer in Physics - 1975-76
* Visiting Professor - [[University of Cambridge]]
* Visiting Professor - [[Princeton University]]
* Visiting Professor - [[University of Sussex]]
* Visiting Professor - [[University of Amsterdam]]
* Visiting Professor - [[University of Columbia]]
* Visiting Professor - [[University of Virginia]]
* Visiting Professor - [[Queen Mary and Westfield College]], [[University of London]] - 1992-1993, '94-'95 and '97
* Senior Research Associateship at [[Goddard Space Flight Centre]], [[NASA]]
* Senior Research Associateship of the [[National Academy of Sciences, USA]]
* Visiting Astronomer - [[Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge]] - 2003-2005 and 2007
* Perren Visiting Fellow and Visiting Professor - [[Physical Research Laboratory]], [[Ahmedabad]] - 1999-2000
* [[Raja Ramanna]] Fellow - [[University of Mumbai]] - 2001-06.

He has also held the posts of:<ref name="INSA" /><ref name="CBS" />
* President - [[Astronomical Society of India]]
* Chairman — Indian National Committee for Astronomy
* Chairman — Bombay Association for Science Education
* Member, Management Board - [[National Centre for Radio Astrophysics]]
* Member, Management Boards - [[Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education]]
* Council Member, - [[Indian Academy of Sciences]], Bangalore
* Council Member, [[Indian National Science Academy]], New Delhi
* Council Member, [[National Academy of Sciences]], Allahabad

==Awards and recognitions==
* [[Padma Bhushan]] - 2012<ref name="Padma" />
* Professor A. C. Banerjee Memorial Lecture Award - 1992<ref name="INSA" />
* INSA Vainu Bappu Memorial Medal - 1995<ref name="INSA" />
* M. P. Birla Award - 1999<ref name="INSA" />

==Writings==
* {{cite journal | bibcode=1995JApAS..16..343C | title=Probing the Solar Interior | author=SM Chitre | journal=Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy |date=December 1995 | volume=16 | issue=Supplement | pages=343}}
* {{cite journal | title=The Quasi-Linear Evolution of the Density Field in Models of Gravitational Instability | author=F. Bernardeau | author2=T. P. Singh | author3=B. Banerjee | author4=S. M. Chitre | journal= Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. | volume=269 | date=1994 | issue=4| pages=947| arxiv=astro-ph/9311055 | bibcode=1994MNRAS.269..947B | doi=10.1093/mnras/269.4.947 }}
* {{cite journal | bibcode=1993LIACo..31..641N | title=Probing galaxy clusters with straight arcs | author=Narasimha, D. | author2=Chitre, S. M.| journal=Institut d'Astrophysique, Liège | volume=31 | date=1993 | pages=641}}
* {{cite journal | url=http://65.54.113.26/Publication/48443757/unobserved-lensing-agents | archive-url=https://archive.is/20140812002028/http://65.54.113.26/Publication/48443757/unobserved-lensing-agents | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-08-12 | title=Unobserved lensing agents | author=D. Narasimha | author2=S. Nair | author3=S. Chitre | journal=Lecture Notes in Physics | date=1992 | volume=406 | pages=379 | doi=10.1007/3-540-55797-0_140 | series=Lecture Notes in Physics | isbn=978-3-540-55797-5 | bibcode=1992LNP...406..379N }}
* {{cite journal | url=http://65.54.113.26/Publication/48072379/the-triple-quasar-pg1115+080 | archive-url=https://archive.is/20140812002043/http://65.54.113.26/Publication/48072379/the-triple-quasar-pg1115+080 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-08-12 | title=The Triple Quasar PG1115+080 | author=D. Narasimha | author2=S. Chitre | journal=Lecture Notes in Physics | date=1992 | volume=406 | pages=128–133 | doi=10.1007/3-540-55797-0_91 | series=Lecture Notes in Physics | isbn=978-3-540-55797-5 | bibcode=1992LNP...406..128N }}
* {{cite journal | url=http://65.54.113.26/Publication/14807513/polymerisation-and-the-solar-neutrino-problem | archive-url=https://archive.is/20140812002041/http://65.54.113.26/Publication/14807513/polymerisation-and-the-solar-neutrino-problem | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-08-12 | title=Polymerisation and the solar neutrino problem | author=B. BANERJEE | author2=S. M. CHITRE | author3=P. P. DIVAKARAN | author4=K. S. V. SANTHANAM | journal=Nature | date=1976 | volume=260 | issue=5551 | pages=557–557 | doi=10.1038/260557a0 | bibcode=1976Natur.260..557B | doi-access=free }}

{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* List of Publications on [[Microsoft Academic Search]]<ref name="Microsoft">{{cite web | url=http://65.54.113.26/Author/52115984 | archive-url=https://archive.is/20140812002038/http://65.54.113.26/Author/52115984 | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 12, 2014 | title=Microsoft | access-date=August 6, 2014 }}</ref>
* Publications listed on [[Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Mumbai|CBS]] web site
* Profile on [[Indian Academy of Sciences]]
* Lecture by Sashikumar Chitre on ''Outstanding Problems in Astronomy''<ref name="Lecture">{{cite web | url=http://mumbaireadyreckoner.org/2013/02/prof-dr-shashikumar-chitres-lecture-on-outstanding-problems-in-astronomy-kalina-24th-feb-2013-2/ | title=Lecture | access-date=August 6, 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.is/20140812002041/http://mumbaireadyreckoner.org/2013/02/prof-dr-shashikumar-chitres-lecture-on-outstanding-problems-in-astronomy-kalina-24th-feb-2013-2/ | archive-date=August 12, 2014 }}</ref>
* Profile on International Astronomical Union<ref name="International Astronomical Union">{{cite web | url=http://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/2603/ | title=International Astronomical Union | access-date=August 6, 2014}}</ref>

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chitre, Shashikumar}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]
[[Category:Cambridge College alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian mathematicians]]

Shashikumar Chitre - Revision history

>OAbot: Open access bot: doi added to citation with #oabot.