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{{redirect|Phillauri|the town of Phillaur|Phillaur|the 2017 film|Phillauri (film)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Shardha Ram Phillauri''' (September 1837<ref name="ReferenceA">Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. ''Shardha Ram Granthawali''. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] Hindi Department.)</ref> – 24 June 1881) was a [[Hindu]] [[social reform]]er, and writer best remembered for his contributions to [[Hindi literature|Hindi]] and [[Punjabi literature]]. He has been called the "father of modern Punjabi prose."<ref name="cradle"/> Born in [[Phillaur]], Phillauri visited cities across Punjab and died in [[Lahore]] in 1881.<ref name="cradle"/>

==Biography==
Shardha Ram was born in 1837 to a [[Brahmin]] family in the town of [[Phillaur]], [[Jalandhar]].<ref name="cradle">Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (17 March 2005).</ref><ref name="creator">Maitray, Mohan. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98sep27/sunday/head6.htm "The creator of Om Jai Jagdish Hare."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' (27 September 1998).</ref> His father, Jai Dyalu, was an [[astrologer]]. Their gotra was Moudgil.<ref name="cradle"/> He did not have any formal education as such.<ref name="cradle"/> By age ten, he had studied [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], astrology, and music.<ref name="cradle"/> Later, he was also a [[missionary]] of traditional Hinduism ([[Sanatana dharma]]).<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref>http://www.faithandthearts.com/images/9_20070612201926.pdf</ref>

In his books, Shardha Ram documented Punjabi culture and language.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>

Shardha Ram gave forceful lectures on the [[Mahabharata]], and because of this was charged with conducting [[propaganda]] against the [[British raj|British government]]<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> in 1865.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} As a result, he was [[exile]]d temporarily from his home town, Phillaur.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>

Sharda Ram often visited [[Amritsar]] and adjoining [[Lahore]], especially in connection with astrology.<ref name="cradle"/> During this time, he earned a reputation as an astrologer and wrote several books in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/>

Shardha Ram has recently been acknowledged as having written the first novel in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref name="note">Previously, [[Lala Sri Niwas]] was credited with this achievement; his ''[[Priksha Guru]]'' was written in 1902. Walia, Varinda. [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 "Hindi novel’s first cradle."] ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]''.</ref> His novel ''[[Bhagyawati]]'', believed to have been written mainly in Amritsar, was first published in 1888, after Shardha Ram's death.<ref name="cradle"/> The novel's portrayal of women and women's rights was progressive for its day.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>

Sharda Ram has written the famous and widely sung aarti "[[Om Jai Jagdish Hare]]."

Shardha Ram died on 24 June 1881 at [[Lahore]].<ref name="cradle"/>

==Works==
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Work || Year || Description
|-
| ''Sikhan De Raj Di Vithia'' (''The Story of Sikh Rule'')<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
| 1866
| The book is an account of [[Sikhism|Sikh religion]] and the rule of [[Maharaja]] [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name="creator"/><ref>Sisir Kumar Das. ''A History of Indian Literature'', p. 540. Sahitya Akademi (1991), {{ISBN|81-7201-006-0}}.</ref> The last of its three chapters documents [[Punjabi culture]] and [[Punjabi (language)|language]], including its customs, usages, and folk songs.<ref name="creator"/> The book was often prescribed as a text book.<ref name="creator"/>
|-
| ''Punjabi Batcheet''<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
|
|This book was specifically written to help the British understand the local dialect.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> It may have been the first book transliterated into Roman script from Gurmukhi script.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The study of this was a requirement for admission into the administrative services.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/> The book is taught to this day at schools affiliated with the Punjab State Education Board (PSEB) Mohali.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}
|-
| Om [[Jai Jagdish Hare]]<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
|1870s{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}
| Translated in Punjabi the first time<ref name="creator"/>
|-
|''[[Bhagyawati]]''<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/>
|published 1888
| This book is believed to be the first novel in Hindi.<ref name="cradle"/><ref name="creator"/><ref name="note"/>
|-
|''Satya Dharm Muktavli''<ref name="creator"/>
|
|
|-
| ''Shatopadesh''<ref name="creator"/>
|
|
|-
| ''Satyamrit Pravaha''<ref name="creator"/>
|
|
|}

==Notes and references==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Singh Bedi, Harmohinder. ''Shardha Ram Granthawali''. Nirmal Publisher. (A three-volume work by the dean and head of the [[Guru Nanak Dev University]] Hindi Department.)

==External links==
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050317/aplus.htm#1 Painting of Shardha Ram Phillauri.]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phillauri, Shardha}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1881 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Hindu poets]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu missionaries]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Novelists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Hinduism in Lahore]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Shardha Ram Phillauri - Revision history

imported>Johnpacklambert: added Category:People from Punjab Province (British India) using HotCat