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{{short description|47th Chief Justice of India}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sharad Arvind Bobde
| image = [[File:Hon'ble Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde.jpg|border|220px]]
| alt =
| caption =
| order =
| office = 47th [[Chief Justice of India]]
| termstart = 18 November 2019
| termend = 23 April 2021
| president = [[Ram Nath Kovind]]
| predecessor = [[Ranjan Gogoi]]
| successor = [[N. V. Ramana]]
| office1 = Judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]]
| term_start1 = 12 April 2013
| term_end1 = 17 November 2019
| nominator1 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| appointer1 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 = Chief Justice of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
| term_start2 = 16 October 2012
| term_end2 = 11 April 2013
| nominator2 = [[Altamas Kabir]]
| appointer2 = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]
| predecessor2 = [[Syed Rafat Alam]]
| successor2 = [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar]]
| office3 = Judge of the [[Bombay High Court]]
| term_start3 = 29 March 2000
| term_end3 = 15 October 2012
| nominator3 = [[Adarsh Sein Anand]]
| appointer3 = [[Kocheril Raman Narayanan|K. R. Narayanan]]
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1956|04|24}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| spouse = Kamini Bobde
| party =
| relations =
| children = 3<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofindia.com/city/nagpur/prez-clears-justice-bobdes-elevation-to-the-post-of-cji/articleshow/71797614.cms|title=President clears Justice Bobde's elevation to the post of CJI|publisher=Times of India|access-date=29 October 2019}}</ref>
| residence =
| alma_mater = [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]] ([[B.A.|BA]], [[LLB]])
| occupation =
| profession =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| father =
| mother =
| honorific_prefix = 
| honorific_suffix = 
}}

'''Sharad Arvind Bobde''' (born 24 April 1956) is an Indian judge who served as the [[List of chief justices of India|47th]] [[Chief Justice of India]] from 18 November 2019 to 23 April 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/two-judges-sworn-in-supreme-court-strength-raised-to-30_841611.html|title=Two judges sworn in Supreme Court, strength raised to 30|publisher=Zee News Portal}}</ref>

He is a former Chief Justice of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/sjud/sabobde.htm|title=Chief Justice of India & Sitting Hon'ble Judges Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde|publisher= Supreme Court of India portal}}</ref> He is also serving as the Chancellor of [[Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai]] and [[Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur]]. He had a tenure of eight years in the [[Supreme Court of India]] and retired on 23 April 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice SA Bobde appointed next Chief Justice of India, to take oath on 18 November|url=https://theprint.in/judiciary/justice-sa-bobde-appointed-next-chief-justice-of-india-to-take-oath-on-18-november/312754/|last=PTI|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-21}}</ref> On 24 April 2021, [[N. V. Ramana]] succeeded him as the [[Chief Justice of India|CJI]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sharad Arvind Bobde retires: A look at 47th CJI's tenure.|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/sharad-arvind-bobde-retires-a-look-at-47th-cjis-tenure/videoshow/82213691.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Family and early life==
Bobde comes from a [[Nagpur]]-based [[Deshastha Brahmin|Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin]] family. His great-grandfather Ramachandra Pant Bobde was a noted lawyer in [[Chandrapur]] (erstwhile Chanda) between 1880 and 1900.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mrA7AAAAMAAJ|title=Marāṭhī vāñmayakośa: Marāṭhī granthakāra, I. Sa. 1050-1857|publisher=Mahārāshṭra Rājya Sāhitya Sãskr̥ti Maṇḍaḷa|year=1977|page=258|quote=विदर्भातील चंद्रनगर (हछीचे चांदा) येथील रहिवासी असलेल्या बोबडे ह्या कौशिकगोत्री देशस्थ ऋग्वेदी ब्राह्मण घराण्यात ते...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Sãśodhana-śalākā|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHAuAAAAMAAJ|page=6|author=Sureśa Mahādeva Ḍoḷake|publisher=Ameya Prakashan|year=1983}}</ref> The family later moved to [[Nagpur]]. His grandfather Shrinivas Ramachandra Bobde was also a lawyer.<ref>{{cite news|title=WHO IS SHARAD ARVIND BOBDE|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/about/who-is-sharad-arvind-bobde|publisher=Business Standard}}</ref> Bobde's father Arvind Shrinivas Bobde was advocate-general of [[Maharashtra]] in 1980 and 1985. Bobde's elder brother late Vinod Arvind Bobde was a senior Supreme Court lawyer and a constitutional expert.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livelaw.in/senior-advocate-vinod-bobde-passes-away/|title=Senior Advocate Vinod Bobde Passes away|first=LIVELAW NEWS|last=NETWORK|website=www.livelaw.in|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Education ===
Bobde did his schooling at [[St. Francis De'Sales High School, Nagpur, Maharashtra|St. Francis De'Sales High School, Nagpur]]. He completed his graduation from [[St. Francis De Sales College]], Nagpur and studied law at Dr. Ambedkar Law College, [[Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University|Nagpur University]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde|url=http://supremecourtcaselaw.com/jus_sabobde.htm|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nalsa.gov.in/executive-chairman/hon-ble-mr-justice-sharad-arvind-bobde|title=Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde Profile|publisher=National Legal Services Authority |access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

==Career==
He enrolled as an advocate on 13 September 1978, practiced at the Nagpur Bench of [[Bombay High Court]] with appearances before the principal seat at Bombay and before the [[Supreme Court of India]] and became Senior Advocate in 1998. Bobde was appointed an additional judge of the [[Bombay High Court]] on 29 March 2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bombayhighcourt.nic.in/jshowpuisne.php?auth=amdldGlkPTM2NSZwYWdlbm89Mzc=|title= Sharad Arvind Bobde|website=www.bombayhighcourt.nic.in|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref> and subsequently promoted to Chief Justice of the [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] on 16 October 2012 before being elevated as a judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]] on 12 April 2013.<ref name="mp-hc">{{cite web|title=HON'BLE SHRI JUSTICE SHARAD ARVIND BOBDE, B.A., LL.B.|url=http://mphc.in/?q=node/152|publisher=High Court of Madhya Pradesh|access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="toi-nag">{{cite news|last1=Ganjapure|first1=Vaibhav|title=NU alumni justice Bobde to be SC judge soon|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/NU-alumni-justice-Bobde-to-be-SC-judge-soon/articleshow/19266970.cms|access-date=8 January 2016|publisher=The Times of India, gpur}}</ref>

He was appointed the 47th Chief Justice of India on 18 November 2019, succeeding [[Ranjan Gogoi]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/justice-bobde-takes-oath-as-next-cji/articleshow/72103117.cms| title=Justice Sharad Arvind Bobde takes oath as 47th CJI| work=Times of India| date=18 November 2019}}</ref> He became the only CJI to not recommend a single name of a judge to be appointed to the Supreme Court of India, in his tenure of 1 year and 5 months.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/supreme-court-collegium-meets-but-discusses-no-names/articleshow/81978948.cms|title=Supreme Court collegium meets but discusses no names | India News |website=The Times of India}}</ref>

He wrote 68 judgments as judge on the Supreme Court. However, he sat on the bench for 547 cases. He has effectively written 8.5 judgments per year. The subject he has written the judgments on in the Supreme Court is Criminal Law, with 29 judgments.<ref name="SCO 20 Apr 2021">{{cite web |last1=R |first1=Kruthika |last2=R |first2=Mihir |title=CJI Bobde Wrote 68 Judgments Over 8 Years |url=https://www.scobserver.in/the-desk/cji-bobde-wrote-68-judgments-over-8-years |website=SCObserver.in |publisher=Supreme Court Observer |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref>

==Notable judgements and opinions==

===Ayodhya dispute===
{{Main|2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute}}
Justice Bobde was part of the five-judge constitutional bench which heard and delivered the judgment dated November 9, 2019 on the [[Ayodhya dispute|Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid land dispute]] case. The bench unanimously ordered the construction of a Hindu Temple in the disputed site, while ruling that the [[Demolition of the Babri Masjid]] and the 1949 desecration of the [[Babri Masjid]] was in violation of law.<ref>{{cite news|title=Aadhaar, air pollution, Ayodhya — next CJI SA Bobde has been part of landmark cases|url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/judiciary/next-cji-sa-bobde-has-been-part-of-landmark-cases/312892/}}</ref>

===Aadhaar===
A three judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde, [[Jasti Chelameswar]], and [[Chokkalingam Nagappan]], ratified an earlier order of the Supreme Court and clarified that no Indian citizen without an [[Aadhaar]] card can be deprived of basic services and government subsidies.<ref name="Hindu 16 March 2015">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/aadhaar-not-mandatory-sc-reiterates/article6999924.ece |title=Don't insist on Aadhar, warns SC |work=The Hindu|access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>

===Anti-abortion===
A two-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde and [[L. Nageswara Rao]] in 2017, rejected a woman's plea seeking termination of her foetus, based on the medical board's report that the 26-week-old foetus had a chance of survival.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/sc-rejects-pregnant-womans-plea-to-terminate-foetus-afflicted-with-down-syndrome-3307042.html|title=SC rejects pregnant woman's plea to terminate foetus afflicted with Down syndrome|website=Firstpost|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

===Religious feelings===
A two-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde and [[L. Nageswara Rao]] in 2017, upheld the ban by the Karnataka Government of a book by Mate Mahadevi on the grounds that it outraged the religious feelings of Lord Basavanna's followers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/66627288/|title=Poojaya Sri Jagadguru Maate ... vs Government Of Karnataka on 20 September, 2017|website=indiankanoon.org|access-date=25 April 2019}}</ref>

===Environment===
A three-judge [[Bench (law)|bench]] of the Supreme Court of India, comprising Bobde, [[T. S. Thakur]] and [[Arjan Kumar Sikri]] in 2016, in relation to the extreme air pollution in the National Capital Region, suspended the sales of fire crackers in the region.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/44340.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420060409/https://www.sci.gov.in/jonew/judis/44340.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Marital rape===
While commenting on [[marital rape]], Bobde remarked that when a man and a woman live as husband and wife, that act of sexual intercourse between them could not be called rape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/however-brutal-the-husband-is-supreme-courts-observation-on-marital-rape-raises-eyebrows-3488783.html|title='However Brutal the Husband is...': Supreme Court's Observation on Marital Rape Raises Eyebrows|website=www.news18.com}}</ref>

===Rape of a minor===
Bobde was hearing an appeal against anticipatory bail given to a person accused of raping a minor. During oral arguments Bobde asked the defendant "Will you marry her?".<ref name="Bar and Bench 01 March 2021">{{cite news|url=https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/will-you-marry-her-supreme-court-asks-man-charged-rape-minor-girl |title=Will you marry her? Supreme Court asks government servant charged with repeatedly raping minor girl |work=Bar And Bench|access-date=1 March 2021}}</ref> Following this exchange, women's rights and progressive groups called Bobde to step down for asking the accused rapist to marry the victim to avoid punishment.<ref name="The Guardian 04 March 2021">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/04/indias-top-judge-tells-accused-rapist-to-marry-victim-to-avoid-jail | title=India's top judge tells accused rapist to marry victim to avoid jail| date=4 March 2021}}</ref>

===Appointment of High Court Judges===
A three-judge bench of CJI Bobde and Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul and Surya Kant issued binding directions to streamline the appointment of high court judges, within specified timelines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/law/cji-sa-bobde-legacy-high-court-pendency|title=CJI S.A. Bobde's Legacy: Two Orders That Could Reduce Pendency in HCs|website=The Wire}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Chief Justices of India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bobde, Sharad}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Madhya Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:Chief justices of India]]
[[Category:Judges of the Bombay High Court]]
[[Category:Justices of the Supreme Court of India]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University alumni]]
[[Category:Scholars from Nagpur]]

Sharad Arvind Bobde - Revision history

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