Shantabai Dhanaji Dani - Revision history

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	== Life and career ==		== Life and career ==
	Dani was born in 1919, in impoverished circumstances, in [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]].{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} She had several brothers and sisters, including three from her mother's previous marriage. Her father was a milkman.<ref>{{Cite book\|~~last~~=Paswan\|~~first~~=Sanjay\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_DMUdof3ZQMC~~&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA305~~&dq=Shantabai+Dhanaji+Dani&hl=en\|title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Leaders\|last2=Jaideva\|first2=Pramanshi\|date=2002\|publisher=Gyan Publishing House~~\|year=~~\|isbn=978-81-7835-033-2\|location=\|pages=~~305-306~~\|language=en}}</ref> Dani was educated, at the urging of her mother and elder sister, Radhabai, both of whom had not received an education themselves. She received her schooling at the Mission Primary School in Nashik, continued at a high school in [[Gujarat]], and undertook her collegiate education at the Women's Training College in [[Pune]].{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} Dani's memoirs record great poverty, hunger, and destitution, and describes practices of [[Caste system in India\|caste discrimination]] against her family by the local Hindu population.{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}}<ref>{{Cite book\|~~last~~=Kannabiran\|~~first~~=Kalpana\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCUlDwAAQBAJ~~&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA59~~&dq=%22shantabai+dhanaji+dani%22&hl=en\|title=Re-Presenting Feminist Methodologies: Interdisciplinary Explorations\|last2=Swaminathan\|first2=Padmini\|date=2017-03-16\|publisher=Taylor & Francis~~\|year=~~\|isbn=978-1-351-79926-3\|location=\|pages=59\|language=en}}</ref>		Dani was born in 1919, in impoverished circumstances, in [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]].{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} She had several brothers and sisters, including three from her mother's previous marriage. Her father was a milkman.<ref>{{Cite book\|last1=Paswan\|first1=Sanjay\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_DMUdof3ZQMC&dq=Shantabai+Dhanaji+Dani&pg=PA305\|title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Leaders\|last2=Jaideva\|first2=Pramanshi\|date=2002\|publisher=Gyan Publishing House\|isbn=978-81-7835-033-2\|location=\|pages=305–306\|language=en}}</ref> Dani was educated, at the urging of her mother and elder sister, Radhabai, both of whom had not received an education themselves. She received her schooling at the Mission Primary School in Nashik, continued at a high school in [[Gujarat]], and undertook her collegiate education at the Women's Training College in [[Pune]].{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} Dani's memoirs record great poverty, hunger, and destitution, and describes practices of [[Caste system in India\|caste discrimination]] against her family by the local Hindu population.{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}}<ref>{{Cite book\|last1=Kannabiran\|first1=Kalpana\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCUlDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22shantabai+dhanaji+dani%22&pg=PA59\|title=Re-Presenting Feminist Methodologies: Interdisciplinary Explorations\|last2=Swaminathan\|first2=Padmini\|date=2017-03-16\|publisher=Taylor & Francis\|isbn=978-1-351-79926-3\|location=\|pages=59\|language=en}}</ref>

	While working towards her Bachelor of Arts, Dani joined a [[Satyagraha\|satyagraha movement]] led by her cousin's husband, [[Bhaurao Gaikwad\|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], calling for the representation of Scheduled Castes in legislative assemblies, and was briefly imprisoned in [[Yerawada Central Jail\|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}} In 1942, Dani attended a lecture by [[B. R. Ambedkar\|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]], and later met him, joining the [[Scheduled Castes Federation]] in support of his activism to end caste discrimination in India. She later became the president of the Scheduled Castes Federation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|last=Mahurkar\|first=Vaishnavi\|date=2017-04-03\|title=Shantabai Dhanaji Dani: The Dalit Woman Leader Who Fought Against Caste\|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/04/04/shantabai-dhanaji-dani-essay/\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=Feminism In India\|language=en-US}}</ref>		While working towards her Bachelor of Arts, Dani joined a [[Satyagraha\|satyagraha movement]] led by her cousin's husband, [[Bhaurao Gaikwad\|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], calling for the representation of Scheduled Castes in legislative assemblies, and was briefly imprisoned in [[Yerawada Central Jail\|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}} In 1942, Dani attended a lecture by [[B. R. Ambedkar\|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]], and later met him, joining the [[Scheduled Castes Federation]] in support of his activism to end caste discrimination in India. She later became the president of the Scheduled Castes Federation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|last=Mahurkar\|first=Vaishnavi\|date=2017-04-03\|title=Shantabai Dhanaji Dani: The Dalit Woman Leader Who Fought Against Caste\|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/04/04/shantabai-dhanaji-dani-essay/\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=Feminism In India\|language=en-US}}</ref>

	In 1946, Dani led protests against the [[Poona Pact]], and was arrested after she and other protesters entered the Pune Assembly Hall carrying black flags. She was detained in [[Yerawada Central Jail\|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} When [[B. R. Ambedkar\|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]] formed the [[Independent Labour Party (India)\|Independent Labour Party]], she joined it, and was elected a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] between 1968 and 1974.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}}{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} She subsequently worked towards documenting landless labourers in Maharashtra, and towards improving access to education, serving as the secretary of the Ramabai Ambedkar Hospital established by [[Bhaurao Gaikwad\|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], and of several primary schools established for Dalit students in Nasik, Maharashtra.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}}<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Lokmat News Network~~\|first=~~\|date=2020-01-01\|title=त्यागमूर्ती कर्मयोगीनी शांताबाई दाणी!\|url=https://www.lokmat.com/nashik/karmayogini-shantabai-dani/\|url-status=live\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=Lokmat\|language=mr-IN}}</ref> She was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters from the [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Kothari\|first=Vishwas\|date=14 February 2011\|title=Well-known singer Asha Bhosale will be presented an honorary doctor of letters (D.Litt)\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Well-known-singer-Asha-Bhosale-will-be-presented-an-honorary-doctor-of-letters-D-Litt-degree-at-the-annual-convocation-ceremony-of-the-Yashwantrao-Chavan-Maharashtra-Open-University-YCMOU-at-Nashik-on-March-1-Bhosale-will-be-the-fourth-recipient-of-the-honour-in-the-21-years-of-the-YCMOUs-existence-Dalit-movement-activist-Shantabai-Dani-socialist-union-leader-Baba-Aadhav-and-Jnanapeeth-award-winning-poet-V-V-Shirwadkar-alias-Kusumagraj-were-the-earlier-recipients-/articleshow/7496706.cms\|url-status=live\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=The Times of India\|language=en}}</ref>		In 1946, Dani led protests against the [[Poona Pact]], and was arrested after she and other protesters entered the Pune Assembly Hall carrying black flags. She was detained in [[Yerawada Central Jail\|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} When [[B. R. Ambedkar\|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]] formed the [[Independent Labour Party (India)\|Independent Labour Party]], she joined it, and was elected a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] between 1968 and 1974.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}}{{Sfn\|Rege\|2014\|p=Chapter 2}} She subsequently worked towards documenting landless labourers in Maharashtra, and towards improving access to education, serving as the secretary of the Ramabai Ambedkar Hospital established by [[Bhaurao Gaikwad\|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], and of several primary schools established for Dalit students in Nasik, Maharashtra.{{Sfn\|Upadhyay\|1990\|p=166}}<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Lokmat News Network\|date=2020-01-01\|title=त्यागमूर्ती कर्मयोगीनी शांताबाई दाणी!\|url=https://www.lokmat.com/nashik/karmayogini-shantabai-dani/\|url-status=live\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=Lokmat\|language=mr-IN}}</ref> She was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters from the [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]].<ref>{{Cite web\|last=Kothari\|first=Vishwas\|date=14 February 2011\|title=Well-known singer Asha Bhosale will be presented an honorary doctor of letters (D.Litt)\|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Well-known-singer-Asha-Bhosale-will-be-presented-an-honorary-doctor-of-letters-D-Litt-degree-at-the-annual-convocation-ceremony-of-the-Yashwantrao-Chavan-Maharashtra-Open-University-YCMOU-at-Nashik-on-March-1-Bhosale-will-be-the-fourth-recipient-of-the-honour-in-the-21-years-of-the-YCMOUs-existence-Dalit-movement-activist-Shantabai-Dani-socialist-union-leader-Baba-Aadhav-and-Jnanapeeth-award-winning-poet-V-V-Shirwadkar-alias-Kusumagraj-were-the-earlier-recipients-/articleshow/7496706.cms\|url-status=live\|archive-url=\|archive-date=\|access-date=2020-12-06\|website=The Times of India\|language=en}}</ref>

	In 1987, Dani accepted the Savitribai Phule Award for contributions to education. She declined to accept a similar award from the Government of Maharashtra, issuing a statement calling for the use of the government's award funds to improve amenities for Dalits instead.<ref name=":0" />		In 1987, Dani accepted the Savitribai Phule Award for contributions to education. She declined to accept a similar award from the Government of Maharashtra, issuing a statement calling for the use of the government's award funds to improve amenities for Dalits instead.<ref name=":0" />
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	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	* {{Cite book\|last=Upadhyay\|first=Vaishnavi\|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/307838\|title=Understanding Others: A Study of Dalit Women Writers in Bakhtinian Light\|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]\|year=1990\|isbn=\|location=\|pages=}}		* {{Cite book\|last=Upadhyay\|first=Vaishnavi\|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/307838\|title=Understanding Others: A Study of Dalit Women Writers in Bakhtinian Light\|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]\|year=1990\|isbn=\|location=\|pages=\|hdl=10603/307838}}
	* {{Cite book\|last=Rege\|first=Sharmila\|title=Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women's Testimonies\|publisher=[[Zubaan Books]]\|year=2014\|isbn=9789383074679\|location=New Delhi\|pages=}}		* {{Cite book\|last=Rege\|first=Sharmila\|title=Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women's Testimonies\|publisher=[[Zubaan Books]]\|year=2014\|isbn=9789383074679\|location=New Delhi\|pages=}}

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2020-12-24T10:46:57Z

v2.04b - Bot T23 CW#558 - Fix errors for CW project (Duplicated reference)

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{{short description|Indian Dalit writer and politician}}
'''Shantabai Dhanaji Dani''' (1919-2001) was an [[India|Indian]] [[Dalit]] writer, politician, and social worker. She wrote primarily in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] language.

== Life and career ==
Dani was born in 1919, in impoverished circumstances, in [[Nashik]], [[Maharashtra]].{{Sfn|Rege|2014|p=Chapter 2}} She had several brothers and sisters, including three from her mother's previous marriage. Her father was a milkman.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Paswan|first=Sanjay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_DMUdof3ZQMC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA305&dq=Shantabai+Dhanaji+Dani&hl=en|title=Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Leaders|last2=Jaideva|first2=Pramanshi|date=2002|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=|isbn=978-81-7835-033-2|location=|pages=305-306|language=en}}</ref> Dani was educated, at the urging of her mother and elder sister, Radhabai, both of whom had not received an education themselves. She received her schooling at the Mission Primary School in Nashik, continued at a high school in [[Gujarat]], and undertook her collegiate education at the Women's Training College in [[Pune]].{{Sfn|Rege|2014|p=Chapter 2}} Dani's memoirs record great poverty, hunger, and destitution, and describes practices of [[Caste system in India|caste discrimination]] against her family by the local Hindu population.{{Sfn|Rege|2014|p=Chapter 2}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kannabiran|first=Kalpana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCUlDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA59&dq=%22shantabai+dhanaji+dani%22&hl=en|title=Re-Presenting Feminist Methodologies: Interdisciplinary Explorations|last2=Swaminathan|first2=Padmini|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=|isbn=978-1-351-79926-3|location=|pages=59|language=en}}</ref>

While working towards her Bachelor of Arts, Dani joined a [[Satyagraha|satyagraha movement]] led by her cousin's husband, [[Bhaurao Gaikwad|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], calling for the representation of Scheduled Castes in legislative assemblies, and was briefly imprisoned in [[Yerawada Central Jail|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn|Upadhyay|1990|p=166}} In 1942, Dani attended a lecture by [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]], and later met him, joining the [[Scheduled Castes Federation]] in support of his activism to end caste discrimination in India. She later became the president of the Scheduled Castes Federation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Mahurkar|first=Vaishnavi|date=2017-04-03|title=Shantabai Dhanaji Dani: The Dalit Woman Leader Who Fought Against Caste|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/04/04/shantabai-dhanaji-dani-essay/|access-date=2020-12-06|website=Feminism In India|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1946, Dani led protests against the [[Poona Pact]], and was arrested after she and other protesters entered the Pune Assembly Hall carrying black flags. She was detained in [[Yerawada Central Jail|Yerwada Jail]] for this.{{Sfn|Rege|2014|p=Chapter 2}} When [[B. R. Ambedkar|Dr. B. R. Ambedkar]] formed the [[Independent Labour Party (India)|Independent Labour Party]], she joined it, and was elected a member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] between 1968 and 1974.{{Sfn|Upadhyay|1990|p=166}}{{Sfn|Rege|2014|p=Chapter 2}} She subsequently worked towards documenting landless labourers in Maharashtra, and towards improving access to education, serving as the secretary of the Ramabai Ambedkar Hospital established by [[Bhaurao Gaikwad|Dada Saheb Gaikwad]], and of several primary schools established for Dalit students in Nasik, Maharashtra.{{Sfn|Upadhyay|1990|p=166}}<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lokmat News Network|first=|date=2020-01-01|title=त्यागमूर्ती कर्मयोगीनी शांताबाई दाणी!|url=https://www.lokmat.com/nashik/karmayogini-shantabai-dani/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-06|website=Lokmat|language=mr-IN}}</ref> She was awarded an honorary doctorate in letters from the [[Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kothari|first=Vishwas|date=14 February 2011|title=Well-known singer Asha Bhosale will be presented an honorary doctor of letters (D.Litt)|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Well-known-singer-Asha-Bhosale-will-be-presented-an-honorary-doctor-of-letters-D-Litt-degree-at-the-annual-convocation-ceremony-of-the-Yashwantrao-Chavan-Maharashtra-Open-University-YCMOU-at-Nashik-on-March-1-Bhosale-will-be-the-fourth-recipient-of-the-honour-in-the-21-years-of-the-YCMOUs-existence-Dalit-movement-activist-Shantabai-Dani-socialist-union-leader-Baba-Aadhav-and-Jnanapeeth-award-winning-poet-V-V-Shirwadkar-alias-Kusumagraj-were-the-earlier-recipients-/articleshow/7496706.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-06|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

In 1987, Dani accepted the Savitribai Phule Award for contributions to education. She declined to accept a similar award from the Government of Maharashtra, issuing a statement calling for the use of the government's award funds to improve amenities for Dalits instead.<ref name=":0" />

Dani converted to [[Buddhism]], along with Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and several other Dalit leaders.{{Sfn|Upadhyay|1990|p=166}} Dani published an autobiography titled ''Ratradin Amha'' (tr. ''For Us, These Nights and Days'') in 1990.{{Sfn|Upadhyay|1990|p=165-66}} The book was narrated by Dani and recorded by her friend, Bhavna Bhargave.<ref name=":0" /> The title of the book is taken from a song written by [[Sant Tukaram]], which records the struggles faced by Dalit populations, stating, '''For us, these nights and days pose a warlike situation’'.''<ref name=":0" /> Her autobiography is considered a significant contribution to [[Dalit literature]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-27|title=How three generations of Dalit women writers saw their identities and struggle?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/gender/how-three-generations-of-dalit-women-writers-saw-their-identities-and-struggle-4984202/|access-date=2020-12-06|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Masoodi|first=Ashwaq|date=2016-07-25|title=14 must reads from Dalit literature|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/KtQ5gihj2uxqkTvvpl5dMM/14-must-reads-from-Dalit-literature.html|access-date=2020-12-06|website=mint|language=en}}</ref> An English translation has been published by Rajni Tilak.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rajni Tilak - Centre for Alternative Dalit Media (CADAM)|url=https://cadam.org.in/rajni-tilak/|access-date=2020-12-06|website=CADAM|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Sources ==

* {{Cite book|last=Upadhyay|first=Vaishnavi|url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/307838|title=Understanding Others: A Study of Dalit Women Writers in Bakhtinian Light|publisher=[[Gujarat University]]|year=1990|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
* {{Cite book|last=Rege|first=Sharmila|title=Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women's Testimonies|publisher=[[Zubaan Books]]|year=2014|isbn=9789383074679|location=New Delhi|pages=}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Dalit feminists]]
[[Category:Dalit writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian educators]]
[[Category:Women writers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian women non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Women autobiographers]]
[[Category:Indian Buddhists]]
[[Category:Converts to Buddhism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:Ambedkarites]]
[[Category:Dalit women writers]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1967–1972]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Nashik]]