Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

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← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 9 December 2021
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	\| office = 9th [[President of India]]		\| office = 9th [[President of India]]
	\| primeminister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br />[[I. K. Gujral]]		\| primeminister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]<br />[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]<br />[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]<br />[[I. K. Gujral]]
	\| vicepresident = [[K. R. Narayanan]]		\| vicepresident = K. R. Narayanan
	\| term_start = 25 July 1992		\| term_start = 25 July 1992
	\| term_end = 25 July 1997		\| term_end = 25 July 1997
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	\| term_start2 = 3 September 1987		\| term_start2 = 3 September 1987
	\| term_end2 = 25 July 1992		\| term_end2 = 25 July 1992
	\| predecessor2 = ~~[[Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|~~R. Venkataraman]]		\| predecessor2 = R. Venkataraman
	\| successor2 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]		\| successor2 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
	\| office3 = [[List of Governors of Maharashtra\|Governor of Maharashtra]]		\| office3 = [[List of Governors of Maharashtra\|Governor of Maharashtra]]
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	\| signature = Signature of Shanker Dayal Sharma.svg		\| signature = Signature of Shanker Dayal Sharma.svg
	}}		}}
	'''Shankar Dayal Sharma''' {{audio\|Sds.ogg\|pronunciation}} (19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999) was the ninth [[~~President~~ of India]], serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Sharma had been the eighth [[~~Vice President~~ of India]], serving under [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|R. Venkataraman]]. He was also the Chief Minister (1952–1956) of [[Bhopal State (1949–56)\|Bhopal State]], and Cabinet Minister (1956–1967), holding the portfolios of Education, Law, Public Works, Industry and Commerce, National Resources and Separate Revenue. He was the President of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1972–1974 and returned to the Government as Union Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977.		'''Shankar Dayal Sharma''' ({{audio\|Sds.ogg\|pronunciation}}; 19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999) was the ninth [[president of India]], serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Sharma had been the eighth [[vice president of India]], serving under [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman\|R. Venkataraman]]. He was also the Chief Minister (1952–1956) of [[Bhopal State (1949–56)\|Bhopal State]], and Cabinet Minister (1956–1967), holding the portfolios of Education, Law, Public Works, Industry and Commerce, National Resources and Separate Revenue. He was the President of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1972–1974 and returned to the Government as Union Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977.

	The International Bar Association presented Sharma with the 'Living Legends of Law Award of Recognition for his outstanding contribution to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to the [[rule of law]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gloriousindia.com/biographies/shankar_dayal_sharma.html\|title=Shankar Dayal Sharma - President of India\|website=www.gloriousindia.com\|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>		The International Bar Association presented Sharma with the 'Living Legends of Law Award of Recognition for his outstanding contribution to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to the [[rule of law]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gloriousindia.com/biographies/shankar_dayal_sharma.html\|title=Shankar Dayal Sharma - President of India\|website=www.gloriousindia.com\|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

imported>Advait.kansal: /* Early life and education */Red link removed

2021-08-22T19:00:43Z

Early life and education: Red link removed

New page

{{short description|9th President of India}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shankar Dayal Sharma
| image = Shankar Dayal Sharma 2000 stamp of India.jpg
| caption =
| office = 9th [[President of India]]
| primeminister = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] [[I. K. Gujral]]
| vicepresident = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| term_start = 25 July 1992
| term_end = 25 July 1997
| predecessor = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]
| successor = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| office2 = 8th [[Vice President of India]]
| president2 = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]
| primeminister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]] [[V. P. Singh]]
| term_start2 = 3 September 1987
| term_end2 = 25 July 1992
| predecessor2 = [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]
| successor2 = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| office3 = [[List of Governors of Maharashtra|Governor of Maharashtra]]
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| term_start3 = 3 April 1986
| term_end3 = 2 September 1987
| predecessor3 = [[Kona Prabhakar Rao]]
| successor3 = [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
| office4 = [[List of Governors of Punjab (India)|Governor of Punjab]] [[List of Administrators of Chandigarh|Administrator of Chandigarh]]
| 1blankname4 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata4 = [[Surjit Singh Barnala]]
| term_start4 = 26 November 1985
| term_end4 = 2 April 1986
| predecessor4 = [[Hokishe Sema]]
| successor4 = [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
| office5 = [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[Nadendla Bhaskara Rao]] [[N. T. Rama Rao]]
| term_start5 = 29 August 1984
| term_end5 = 26 November 1985
| predecessor5 = [[Thakur Ram Lal]]
| successor5 = [[Kumudben Manishankar Joshi]]
| office6 = 1st [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Chief Minister of Bhopal]]
| term_start6 = 1952
| term_end6 = 1956
| predecessor6 = Position established
| successor6 = Position abolished
| office7 = [[Minister (government)|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start7 = 1956
| term_end7 = 1967
| 1blankname7 = Departments
| 1namedata7 = Education, Law, Public Works, Revenue, Industry and Commerce.
| office8 = [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|President of Indian National Congress]]
| term_start8 = 1972
| term_end8 = 1974
| predecessor8 = [[Jagjivan Ram]]
| successor8 = [[Devakanta Barua]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1918|8|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = Aamon village, [[Bhopal]], [[Bhopal State]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Madhya Pradesh]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1999|12|26|1918|8|19|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = [[Vimala Sharma]] (?–1999; ''his death'')
| children = 2 sons, 1 daughter
| nationality = [[India]]n
| alma_mater = {{nowrap|[[Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University|Agra University]] [[University of Lucknow]] [[University of Cambridge]] ([[PhD]]) [[Lincoln's Inn]] [[Harvard University]] }}
| profession = [[Lawyer]], [[politician]]
| signature = Signature of Shanker Dayal Sharma.svg
}}
'''Shankar Dayal Sharma''' {{audio|Sds.ogg|pronunciation}} (19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999) was the ninth [[President of India]], serving from 1992 to 1997. Prior to his presidency, Sharma had been the eighth [[Vice President of India]], serving under [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman|R. Venkataraman]]. He was also the Chief Minister (1952–1956) of [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal State]], and Cabinet Minister (1956–1967), holding the portfolios of Education, Law, Public Works, Industry and Commerce, National Resources and Separate Revenue. He was the President of the [[Indian National Congress]] in 1972–1974 and returned to the Government as Union Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977.

The International Bar Association presented Sharma with the 'Living Legends of Law Award of Recognition for his outstanding contribution to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to the [[rule of law]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gloriousindia.com/biographies/shankar_dayal_sharma.html|title=Shankar Dayal Sharma - President of India|website=www.gloriousindia.com|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>

==Early life and education==

Shankar Dayal Sharma was born on 19 August 1918 in a village named Aamon, which is situated near [[Bhopal]], then the capital of the princely state of Bhopal. A meritorious law student from Fitzwilliam College, Sharma was awarded the Chakravarti Gold Medal for Social Service by Lucknow University. He later worked at the [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]] and Lucknow University. During his tenure in these universities, he was awarded a fellowship at the Harvard law school and was elected Honorary Bencher and master of Lincoln's Inn and Honorary Fellow, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge, Sharma was Treasurer of the Tagore Society and the Cambridge Majilis. During his tenure as Vice President of India he was Chancellor of many universities in India. Sharma participated in the struggle for Indian independence and became a member of the [[Indian National Congress]].

==Political initiation==
During the 1940s he was involved in the struggle for Indian independence from the British, and joined the Indian National Congress, a party which he would remain loyal for the rest of his life. After India's independence, the [[Nawab of Bhopal]] expressed his wish to retain the [[Bhopal State|Bhopal princely state]] as a separate unit. Sharma led public agitations against the Nawab in December 1948, leading to his arrest. On 23 January 1949, Sharma was sentenced to eight months imprisonment for violating restrictions on public meetings. Under public pressure, the Nawab later released him, and signed the agreement for merger with the Indian Union on 30 April 1949.<ref name="SRBakshi_OPRalhan_2007">{{cite book | title = Madhya Pradesh Through the Ages | author = S. R. Bakshi and O. P. Ralhan | publisher = Sarup & Sons | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-81-7625-806-7 | page = 360 }}</ref> In 1952, Sharma became the chief minister of the [[Bhopal State (1949–56)|Bhopal state]] and was the youngest chief minister then. He served in that position until the state reorganization of 1956, when Bhopal state merged with several other states to form the state of Madhya Pradesh.

==Active political life==
During the 1960s Sharma supported [[Indira Gandhi]]'s quest for leadership of the Congress Party. He was elected as the President, [[All India Congress Committee]] (AICC), in 1972 and presided over the AICC session in Calcutta. From 1974, he served in the union cabinet as the Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977. In 1971 and 1980 he won a [[Lok Sabha]] seat from [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]]. Later on, he was given a variety of ceremonial posts. In 1984 he began serving as a governor of Indian states, first in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. During this time, his daughter Geetanjali Maken and son-in-law [[Lalit Maken]], a young member of parliament and a promising political leader, were killed by [[Sikhism|Sikh]] [[Terrorist|militants]]. In 1985, he left Andhra Pradesh and became governor of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] during a time of violence between the Indian government and Sikh militants, many of whom lived in Punjab. He left Punjab in 1986 and took up his final governorship in [[Maharashtra]]. He remained governor of [[Maharashtra]] until 1987 when he was [[1987 Indian vice-presidential election|elected]] for a 5-year term as the [[List of Vice-Presidents of India|eighth]] [[Vice-President of India]] and chairman of the [[Rajya Sabha]].

Sharma was known to be a stickler for parliamentary norms. He is known to have broken down in the Rajya Sabha while witnessing the members of the house create a din on a political issue. His grief brought back some order into the proceedings of the house.

==Presidential election==
Sharma served as vice-president until 1992, when he was [[1992 Indian presidential election|elected]] President. He received 66% of the votes in the electoral college, defeating [[George Gilbert Swell]]. During his last year as president, it was his responsibility to swear in three prime ministers. He didn't run for a second term as president.

==Death==
During the last five years of his life, Sharma suffered from ill health. On 26 December 1999, he suffered a massive heart attack and was admitted to a hospital in New Delhi, where he died. He was cremated at [[Raj Ghat and associated memorials|Karma Bhumi]]. His second wife was Smt. [[Vimala Sharma]]. His daughter Gitanjali was shot dead along with her husband Congress MP [[Lalit Maken]] by [[Khalistan movement|Khalistani terrorists]] [[Harjinder Singh Jinda]], [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]] and Ranjit Singh Gill alias Kukki outside Maken's Kirti Nagar residence in West Delhi on 31 July 1985.

==Honours==
===Foreign honours===
*{{flag|Oman}}:
**[[File:Civil order Oman GC GO ribbon.svg|70px]] Special Class of the [[Order of Oman]] (1996)

== Legacy ==

===Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Gold Medal===
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma Gold Medal is awarded in selected Indian universities. This award was constituted, in year 1994, by endowments received from Shankar Dayal Sharma. This medal is awarded to a graduating student adjudged to be the best in terms of general proficiency including character, conduct and excellence in academic performance, extra-curricular activities and social service.

=== In popular culture ===
''Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma'', a 1999 Indian [[Short film|short]] [[Documentary film|documentary feature]] by A. K. Goorha covers his life and presidency. It was produced by the [[Government of India]]'s [[Films Division of India|Films Division]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR. SHANKAR DAYAL SHARMA {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/dr-shankar-dayal-sharma|access-date=2021-06-11|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

==Literary contributions==
Sharma had written a poem on the Quran during the 1970s which is highly regarded among the Hindi/Urdu-speaking Muslims of India and Pakistan.<ref name="poem_pk_today">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/07/14/delusions-of-being-islamic/|title=Delusions of being Islamic|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk|date=2011-07-04|first=Humayun|last=Gauhar|access-date=2017-11-28}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi/Urdu text (transliterated) !! English translation<ref name="poem_pk_today"/>
|-
|
''Amal ki kitab thi.''

''Dua ki kitab bana dia.''

''Samajhne ki kitab thi.''

''Parhne ki kitab bana dia.''

''Zindaon ka dastoor tha.''

''Murdon ka manshoor bana dia.''

''Jo ilm ki kitab thi.''

''Usay la ilmon ke hath thama dia.''

''Taskheer-e-kayenaat ka dars denay aayi thi.''

''Sirf madrason ka nisaab bana dia.''

''Murda mumalik ko zinda karne aayi thi.''

''Murdon ko bakhshwane per laga dia.''

''Aye Muslimeen ye tum nay kia kiya?''
||
It was a command for action.

You turned it into a book of prayer.

It was a Book to understand.

You read it without understanding.

It was a code for the living.

You turned it into a manifesto of the dead.

That which was a book of knowledge;

You abdicated to the ignoramus.

It came to give knowledge of Creation.

You abandoned it to the school.

It came to give life to dead nations.

You used it for seeking mercy for the dead.

O' Muslims! What have you done?
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shankar-Dayal-Sharma Shankar Dayal Sharma] at ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''

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{{Presidents of India}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Shankar Dayal Sharma}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Inns of Court School of Law]]
[[Category:University of Lucknow alumni]]
[[Category:Governors of Andhra Pradesh]]
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[[Category:Governors of Punjab, India]]
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Shankar Dayal Sharma - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

->Billjones94 at 17:35, 9 December 2021

imported>Advait.kansal: /* Early life and education */Red link removed