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	Some of the later authors have named their veterinary works after Shalihotra and others have based their work on his Samhita. Subsequent generations copied, revised and added to Shalihotra's text—one of these later texts is shown in the illustration above. Hence, the term "Shalihotra" refers to similar texts in a tradition.		Some of the later authors have named their veterinary works after Shalihotra and others have based their work on his Samhita. Subsequent generations copied, revised and added to Shalihotra's text—one of these later texts is shown in the illustration above. Hence, the term "Shalihotra" refers to similar texts in a tradition.
	Muni Palkapya wrote ''Hasti Ayurveda'', covering all aspects of elephant medicine. This book has four sections and 152 chapters, including the anatomy of elephants. During [[Mahabharat]] period, [[~~Nakul~~]], author of the ''Ashva-chikitsa'', was considered an equine expert, while ~~Sahdev~~ was a specialist in cattle management.		Muni Palkapya wrote ''Hasti Ayurveda'', covering all aspects of elephant medicine. This book has four sections and 152 chapters, including the anatomy of elephants. During [[Mahabharat\|Mahabharata]] period, [[Nakula]], author of the ''Ashva-chikitsa'', was considered an equine expert, while [[Sahadeva\|Sahdeva]] was a specialist in cattle management.

	Horses and elephants were vital assets in the never-ending warfare of the ancient world. Physicians treating human beings were also trained in the care of animals. Ancient Indian medical treatises such as those of Charaka, Sushruta and Harita contain chapters or references about the care of diseased, as well as healthy, animals.		Horses and elephants were vital assets in the never-ending warfare of the ancient world. Physicians treating human beings were also trained in the care of animals. Ancient Indian medical treatises such as those of Charaka, Sushruta and Harita contain chapters or references about the care of diseased, as well as healthy animals.

	==Author==		==Author==

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{{refimprove|date=December 2017}}
[[File:Eye operation on a horse.jpg|thumb|Page from an 18th-century manuscript of ''Shalihotra Samhita'', showing an eye operation on a horse.]]
The '''''Shalihotra Samhita''''' is an early Indian treatise on [[veterinary medicine]] (hippiatrics), likely composed in the 3rd century BCE.<ref>
"In Ashokan times, there was great advance in veterinary science. For treatment of elephants, 'Palkapya samhita' and for treatment of horses, 'Shalihotra samhita' were written." K. Jamanadas, '' Decline and Fall of Buddhism: A Tragedy in Ancient India'' (2004), p. 235.</ref>

It is attributed to one '''Shalihotra''' son of Hayagosha, considered the founder of veterinary sciences in [[Ayurveda|Indian tradition]]. He is said to have lived in [[Sravasti]] (modern Sahet-Mahet on the borders of [[Gonda district|Gonda]] and [[Bahraich district|Bahraich]] districts in [[Uttar Pradesh]]).

==Text==
Shalihotra's principal work was a large treatise on the care and management of [[horse]]s, the '''''Shalihotra Samhita''''' (encyclopedia of the physician Shalihotra) having some 12,000 ''[[shloka]]s'' in [[Sanskrit]]. It has been translated into Persian, Arabic, Tibetan and English languages. This work described [[Horse anatomy|equine]] and [[elephant]] [[anatomy]], [[physiology]], [[surgery]] and [[diseases]] with their curative and [[preventive medicine|preventive measures]]. It elaborated on the body structures of different races of horses, and identified the structural details by which one can determine the age of a horse. Two other works, namely ''Asva-prashnsa'' and ''Asva-lakshana sastram'' are also attributed to Shalihotra.

Some of the later authors have named their veterinary works after Shalihotra and others have based their work on his Samhita. Subsequent generations copied, revised and added to Shalihotra's text—one of these later texts is shown in the illustration above. Hence, the term "Shalihotra" refers to similar texts in a tradition.
Muni Palkapya wrote ''Hasti Ayurveda'', covering all aspects of elephant medicine. This book has four sections and 152 chapters, including the anatomy of elephants. During [[Mahabharat]] period, [[Nakul]], author of the ''Ashva-chikitsa'', was considered an equine expert, while Sahdev was a specialist in cattle management.

Horses and elephants were vital assets in the never-ending warfare of the ancient world. Physicians treating human beings were also trained in the care of animals. Ancient Indian medical treatises such as those of Charaka, Sushruta and Harita contain chapters or references about the care of diseased, as well as healthy, animals.

==Author==
Shalihotra and the sage [[Agnivesa]] may have been pupils of the same teacher; according to tradition, [[Bharadwaja]]'s [[Ayurveda]], the science of life, was first presented in text form by [[Agnivesa]], in his book the ''[[Agnivesh tantra]]'' and later by [[Charaka Samhitā|Charaka]] (Charaka Samhita, encyclopedia of the physician Charaka). Others{{who|date=December 2017}} assert the great surgeon [[Sushruta|Acharya Sushruta]], author of ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]'' (encyclopedia of the physician Sushruta), may have been Shalihotra's pupil.<ref>[http://www.swaveda.com/elibrary.php?id=52&action=show&type=book "Ayurveda: Medical Practice", ''A Concise History of Science,'' Atma Ram & Sons] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515024320/http://www.swaveda.com/elibrary.php?id=52&action=show&type=book |date=2006-05-15 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Ayurveda]]
* [[History of veterinary medicine]]
* [[Hippiatrica]]
* [[History of the horse in South Asia]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Literature==
* Apte, M. S. "Selected articles from Salihotra's Asvasastra." ''Indian veterinary journal'' 15 (1938): 415-420.
* Froehner, R. "Salihotra." ''Veterinärhistorische Mitteilungen'' 2, no. 1 (1922): 1-2.

{{Veterinary medicine}}

[[Category:History of veterinary medicine]]
[[Category:Veterinary medicine in India]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian people]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian medicine]]

Shalihotra - Revision history

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