Bharatwiki Socrates at 02:49, 12 March 2026

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	~~{{History of Bihar}}~~

	The '''Shaishunaga dynasty''' ([[IAST]]: '''Śaiśunāga''', literally "of [[Shishunaga]]") was possibly the second ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]]. According to the [[Buddhist]] text [[Mahavamsa]], this dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding [[Nāgadāsaka\|Nagadashaka]] of the [[Haryanka dynasty]]. The [[Hindu]] ''[[Puranas]]'' have given a different list with different chronology of the Shaishunaga dynasty kings,<ref name="Smith">{{Citation \|last = Smith \|first = Vincent \|title = The Early History of India \|location = Oxford \|publisher = Clarendon \|year = 1924 \|edition = 4th \|url = https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofi00smit \| page=51}}</ref> whereas [[Jain literature\|Jain texts]] do not mention this dynasty.		The '''Shaishunaga dynasty''' ([[IAST]]: '''Śaiśunāga''', literally "of [[Shishunaga]]") was possibly the second ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]]. According to the [[Buddhist]] text [[Mahavamsa]], this dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding [[Nāgadāsaka\|Nagadashaka]] of the [[Haryanka dynasty]]. The [[Hindu]] ''[[Puranas]]'' have given a different list with different chronology of the Shaishunaga dynasty kings,<ref name="Smith">{{Citation \|last = Smith \|first = Vincent \|title = The Early History of India \|location = Oxford \|publisher = Clarendon \|year = 1924 \|edition = 4th \|url = https://archive.org/details/earlyhistoryofi00smit \| page=51}}</ref> whereas [[Jain literature\|Jain texts]] do not mention this dynasty.

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{{Short description|Fourth ruling dynasty of Magadha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Shaishunaga dynasty
|common_name = Shishunaga dynasty
|year_start = 413 BCE
|year_end = 345 BCE
|p1 = Haryanka dynasty
|s1 = Nanda Empire
|image_map = Magadha Expansion (6th-4th centuries BCE).png
|map_caption=Approximate extent of the Shaisshunaga dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (a)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>
|capital = [[Rajgir]] (primary) [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] (secondary) later [[Pataliputra]]
|common_languages = [[Sanskrit]] [[Magadhi Prakrit]] [[Prakrit|Other Prakrits]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]] [[Buddhism]] [[Jainism]]{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=273}}
|government_type = Monarchy
|leader1 = [[Shishunaga]]
|year_leader1 = 413–395 BCE
|leader2 =
[[Kalashoka]]
|year_leader2 = 395–367 BCE
|leader3 =
[[Nandivardhana]]
|year_leader3 = 367-355 BCE
|leader4 = [[Mahanandin]]
|year_leader4 = 355–345 BCE
}}
[[File:Nandivardhan - ASI.jpg|thumb|Image of the Shaishunaga period.]]
The '''Shaishunaga dynasty''' ([[IAST]]: '''Śaiśunāga''', literally "of Shishunaga") is believed to have been the third ruling dynasty of [[Magadha]], an empire of [[ancient India]]. According to the [[Hindu]] ''[[Puranas]]'', this dynasty was the second ruling dynasty of Magadha, succeeding [[Nāgadāsaka|Nagadashaka]] of the [[Haryanka dynasty]].

[[Shishunaga]], the founder of the dynasty, was initially an ''amatya'' or "minister" of the last Haryanka dynasty ruler Nāgadāsaka and ascended to the throne after a popular rebellion in c. 421 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=193,201}} The capital of this dynasty initially was [[Rajgir]]; but later shifted to [[Pataliputra]], near the present day [[Patna]], during the reign of Kakavarna. According to tradition, Kakavarna was succeeded by his ten sons.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=196}} This dynasty was succeeded by the [[Nanda Empire]] in c. 345 BCE.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=201}}

==Establishment==
According to Buddhist tradition, [[Shishunaga]] was ''amatya'' in [[Haryanka kingdom]], who revolted and became the king.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}

==Rulers==
===Shishunaga===
{{Main|Shishunaga}}
Shishunaga founded his dynasty in 413 BCE with its capital in Rajgir and later Pataliputra (both in what is now [[Bihar]]). Buddhist sources indicate that he had a secondary capital at [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]],{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} formerly the capital of [[Vajji]], until it was conquered by Magadha. The Shaishunaga dynasty ruled one of the largest empires in the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Most important achievement of Shisunga was destruction of the pradyota dynasty of Avanti.This brought to an end the hundred year old rivalry between Magadh and Avanti . From then Avanti became a part of Magadh.

===Kakavarna/Kalashoka===
{{Main|Kalashoka}}
According to the ''Puranas'', Shishunaga was succeeded by his son Kakavarna and according to the [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] chronicles by his son Kalashoka.{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}} On the basis of the evidence of the ''Ashokavadana'', [[Hermann Jacobi]], [[Wilhelm Geiger]] and [[Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar]] concluded that both are the same. During Shishunaga's reign, he was the governor of [[Varanasi]]. The two most significant events of his reign are the [[Second Buddhist council]] at [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vaishali]] in 383 BC and the final transfer of the capital to [[Pataliputra]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|pp=195–196}} According to the [[Harshacharita]], he was killed by a dagger thrust into his throat in the vicinity of his capital.{{sfn|Mahajan|2007|p=251}} According to Buddhist tradition, he had nine or ten sons, who were ousted by [[Mahapadma Nanda|Ugrasena Nanda]].{{sfn|Sastri|1988|p=14}}

===Later rulers===
According to Buddhist tradition,{{which|date=January 2016}} ten sons of ''Kalashoka'' ruled simultaneously. The ''Mahabodhivamsa'' states their names as ''Bhadrasena'', ''Korandavarna'', ''Mangura'', ''Sarvanjaha'', ''Jalika'', ''Ubhaka'', ''Sanjaya'', ''Koravya'', ''Nandivardhana'' and ''Panchamaka''. Only one of them is mentioned in the Puranic lists, Nandivardhana.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1972|p=196}}

The ''Puranas'' list Nandivardhana as the ninth Shaishunaga king and his son [[Mahanandin]] as the tenth and the last Shaishunaga king. Mahanandin was killed by his illegitimate son from a ''Shudra'' wife named [[Mahapadma Nanda|Mahapadma]].{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|p=10}}

[[File:Magadha kingdom coin Circa 350 BC AR Karshapana.jpg|thumb|Coins during the Shaishunaga dynasty of Magadha.]]

==Decline==
According to ''Puranas'', Shaishunagas were followed by [[Nanda Empire]], which was established by [[Mahanandin]]'s illegitimate son [[Mahapadma Nanda]].{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2016|p=272}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{citation |last=Mookerji |first=Radha Kumud |author-link=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Chandragupta Maurya and his times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i-y6ZUheQH8C |edition=4th |year=1988 |orig-year=first published in 1966 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=978-81-208-0433-3 }}
* {{citation |last=Singh |first=Upinder |author-link=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pq2iCwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Pearson PLC]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-81-317-1677-9 |ref={{sfnref|Upinder Singh|2016}} }}
* {{Citation | last = Raychaudhuri | first = H.C. | year = 1972 | title = Political History of Ancient India | publisher = University of Calcutta | location = Calcutta}}
* {{citation |editor-last=Sastri |editor-first=K. A. Nilakanta |editor-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |title=Age of the Nandas and Mauryas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YoAwor58utYC |date=1988 |orig-year=1967 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |location=[[Delhi]] |isbn=978-81-208-0465-4 |edition=Second }}
* {{Citation| last = Mahajan | first = V.D. | orig-year = 1960| year = 2007 | title = Ancient India | publisher = New Delhi: S. Chand | isbn = 978-81-219-0887-0}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| title = Shaishunaga Dynasty
| years = 413–345 BCE
| before = [[Haryanka dynasty]] (Magadha)
[[Pradyota dynasty]] (Avanti)
| after = [[Nanda Dynasty]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Middle kingdoms of India}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaishunaga Dynasty}}
[[Category:Magadha]]
[[Category:History of Bihar]]
[[Category:5th-century BC establishments in India]]
[[Category:4th-century BC disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Bihar]]

Shaishunaga dynasty - Revision history

Bharatwiki Socrates at 02:49, 12 March 2026

Bharatwiki Socrates at 02:48, 12 March 2026

imported>BD2412: Typo fixing for Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss