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{{Short description|Former mosque in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Shaheed Ganj Mosque
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| image = Photograph of the western aspect of Masjid Shahidganj (Shaheed Ganj Mosque, originally named the Abdullah Khan Mosque), ca.1930's.jpg
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| caption = Photograph of the western aspect of Masjid Shahidganj, ca.1930's
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| religious_affiliation = [[Islam]]
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| location = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]]
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| architecture_type = [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]]
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| creator = Abdullah Khan
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| year_completed = 1753
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| date_demolished = 8 July 1935
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'''Shaheed Ganj Mosque''', originally named the '''Abdullah Khan Mosque''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|مسجد شَهيد گنج}}}}), was a [[mosque]] in [[Lahore]], [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hs-1AAAAIAAJ&q=lahore+shaheed+ganj+mosque|title=Journal of Sikh Studies|date=1975|publisher=Department of Guru Nanak Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University.|language=en}}</ref> The Mosque was commissioned in 1722 during the reign of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]] and built by Abdullah Khan construction was completed in 1753 during the reign of [[Ahmad Shah Bahadur]]. It was constructed next to the shrine of Pir Shah Kaku. Sikh rule began in 1762, the [[Gurudwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh|Gurdwara Bhai Taru Singh]] was built afterwards within the same grounds. The mosque site was under dispute during [[British Raj|British rule]], but was demolished by [[Sikhs]] on the night of 8 July 1935.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Daniyal|first=Shoaib|title=A mosque dispute in colonial Lahore could hold lessons for the Babri Masjid case|url=http://scroll.in/article/693471/a-mosque-dispute-in-colonial-lahore-could-hold-lessons-for-the-babri-masjid-case|access-date=2020-07-28|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Construction of mosque ===
Abdullah Khan Mosque was built by Abdullah Khan during the reign of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]] [[Muhammad Shah]]. Khan was a [[Cook (profession)|cook]] of [[Prince]] [[Dara Shikoh]], elder son of [[Shah Jahan]], in 1743 AD, who rose up to the position of [[kotwal]] (Chief police officer) of [[Lahore]] for his services.<ref name='ameer'>[http://ameer-e-millat.com/ShGanj.htm Shaheed Ganj Dispute and ‘Amir-i-Mi!Iat’] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928104252/http://ameer-e-millat.com/ShGanj.htm |date=September 28, 2013 }}</ref> It was completed in 1722 (1134 [[Hijri year|AH]]) by the Falak Beg Khan,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narang|first=Gokul Chand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yNe1AAAAIAAJ&q=falak+beg|title=Transformation of Sikhism|date=1956|publisher=New Book Society of India|language=en}}</ref> and was built in the premises of the shrine to Pir Shah Kaku.<ref name=":0" />

=== Sikh rule and occupation/destruction of the mosque===
There was a [[Town square|public square]] near the [[mosque]], where criminals were punished during the tenure of [[Nawab]] [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur]], a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] governor of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in the 18th century. [[Bhai Taru Singh|Taru Singh]], a [[Sikh]] man who aided [[Sikhs]] against the [[Mughals]] was executed. After that incident, the Sikhs officially declared [[Bhai Taru Singh|Taru Singh]] a martyr and named the [[Town square|public square]] as the ''[[Shaheed]] Ganj'' (Martyr Square).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smsarticles/advisorypanel/gurmukhsinghsewauk/gurdwarashahidganjsinghsinghanialahore.html|title = Gurdwara Shahid Ganj Singh Singhania, Lahore}}</ref> {{unreliable source?|date=July 2020}}

In 1762, the [[Bhangi Misl|Bhangi Misl Sikh army]] conquered [[Lahore]] and occupied the mosque, together with the public square. The [[Muslims]] were not allowed to enter and pray, although [[Sikhs]] were given the right to [[Ardās|pray]]. The [[Sikhs]] built a [[gurdwara]] called [[Gurudwara Shaheed Bhai Taru Singh]] in remembrance of [[Martyrdom in Sikhism|Sikh martyr]]s in the courtyard while the Mosque building was used as a residence for the Sikh priest.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ahmed|first=Hilal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VR3ICQAAQBAJ&dq=lahore+shaheed+ganj+mosque&pg=PT72|title=Muslim Political Discourse in Postcolonial India: Monuments, Memory, Contestation|date=2015-06-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-55954-2|language=en}}</ref>

===British rule and demolition of the mosque===
[[File:Photograph of the dispute and demolition of the Shaheed Ganj Mosque in Lahore - throwing down the walls of the mosque in the course of its demolition.jpg|thumb|Throwing down the walls of the mosque in the course of its demolition, ca.1935]]
After [[British Raj|British colonial occupation]] of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] in 1849, The Mosque became an issue between Muslims and Sikhs again. Muslims protested against the [[Sikh]] occupation Shaheed Ganj Mosque. On April 17, 1850, Nur Ahmed, a Muslim resident of Lahore, claimed to be a [[Waqf|mutawallī]] ([[trustee]]) of the mosque and filed a case in Punjab High Court. Nur Ahmed filed several suits between 1853 and 1883 to recover the Shaheed Ganj Mosque, but courts maintained the [[status quo]].<ref>[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical-5-Vol-12-1-2011.pdf Shahidganj Mosque Issue and the Muslims Response: 1935-1936]</ref>

On 29 June 1935, the Sikhs announced that they would demolish the Shaheed Ganj Mosque. Several thousand Muslims assembled in front of the mosque to protect it and Anjuman-i Tahaffuz-i Masjid Shahidganj (Organization for the protection of the Shaheedgunj Mosque) was formed. [[Herbert William Emerson|Sir Herbert Emerson]], the [[List of Governors of Punjab (British India)|Governor of the Punjab]], tried to negotiate to find mutually acceptable solution. But, on the night of 7 July 1935 the [[Sikhs]] demolished the [[mosque]], minutes of [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|British India Privy Council]] say "by or with the connivance of its Sikh custodians",<ref>[http://www.sikhreview.org/pdf/march2004/pdf-files/pers2.pdf Lahore’s Gurdwara Shahid Ganj: Lesson for Ayodhya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213743/http://www.sikhreview.org/pdf/march2004/pdf-files/pers2.pdf |date=2014-02-21 }}</ref> leading to riots and disorder in [[Lahore]].

===Muslim reactions===
[[Jamaat Ali Shah]] (1834–1951), born in Alipur Sharif Dist, [[Sialkot]], Pakistan, led the Shaheed Ganj Mosque movement.<ref name="RENOWNED SUFIS OF SILSILA-E-NAQSHBANDIA MUJADIDIA 2000">THE RELIGIOUS AND REFORMATIVE SERVICES OF RENOWNED SUFIS OF SILSILA-E-NAQSHBANDIA MUJADIDIA (1841-2000) Hussain, Mehrban (2008) PhD thesis, University of Karachi, Karachi</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=33xmAAAAMAAJ&q=peer+syed+Jamaat+ali+shah|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan|work=google.co.in|year=2001}}</ref>
After the mosque’s demolition, the Muslims held a public meetings on 19–20 July at the [[Badshahi Mosque]], and marched directly on the Shaheedganj mosque. Police opened fire on the crowd on 20 July. The Muslims fled from the Shahidganj mosque and dispersed on 21 July, after more than a dozen had been killed.<ref name='SOP'>[http://storyofpakistan.com/shaheed-gunj-mosque-incident/ Shaheed Gunj Mosque Incident]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC|title=Islam, Politics, and Social Movements|authors=Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira Marvin Lapidus|publisher=University of California Press|year=1988|isbn=9780520068681|page=156}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=April 2014}}

===Court case===
The judgement of [[Bombay High Court]] on 2 May 1940 on 'Masjid Shahid Ganj Mosque vs Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak' recognized the building as a [[Mosque]] but maintained that the [[Statute of limitations]] has passed since the property has been occupied by the [[Sikhs]] for more than 170 years.<ref name='kanoon'/>

== Architecture ==
The mosque had three [[dome]]s each accompanied by a [[minaret]] and five [[arch]]es. It had a [[courtyard]] and an [[orchard]] of [[fruit tree]]s.<ref name='kanoon'>[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1035515/ Masjid Shahid Ganj Mosque vs Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak on 2 May 1940]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Dulla Bhatti]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/studies/PDF-FILES/Artical-5-Vol-12-1-2011.pdf Shahidganj Mosque Issue and the Muslims Response: 1935-1936]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121103135648/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-04-04/india/27286531_1_sikhs-mosque-lahore Lessons for Ayodhya from Lahore gurdwara]
* [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/1940-verdict-in-lahore-gurdwara-case-may-play-key-role-in-deciding-ayodhya-dispute/691420/ 1940 verdict in Lahore gurdwara case may play key role in deciding Ayodhya dispute]
* [http://www.mqm.org/English-News/Nov-2000/if001115.htm Shaheed Ganj Mosque]
* [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\05\27\story_27-5-2008_pg13_1 Mosque and gurdwara face off at Naulakha]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=dlcyAAAAIAAJ Tahrik-i Masjid-i Shahid Ganj]
* [http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_22-9-2005_pg3_1 Don’t revive Shaheed Ganj issue]
* [http://wikimapia.org/10501653/Shaheed-Ganj-Mosque-LAHORE-PAKISTAN Shaheed Gunj Masjid Map]
* [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1803/18030890.htm The story of the Shahidganj Mosque in Lahore]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221213743/http://www.sikhreview.org/pdf/march2004/pdf-files/pers2.pdf Lahore’s Gurdwara Shahid Ganj: Lesson for Ayodhya]
* [http://www.sikhmissionarysociety.org/sms/smsarticles/advisorypanel/gurmukhsinghsewauk/gurdwarashahidganjsinghsinghanialahore.html]
* [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151528838348214.1073741865.285689198213&type=3 Masjid Shahid Ganj and Historical Conflict c. 1935]
* [http://www.dnaindia.com/india/column-ayodhya-verdict-may-be-like-lahore-judgment-1440385 Ayodhya verdict may be like Lahore judgment]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VR3ICQAAQBAJ&dq=shaheed+ganj+mosque&pg=PT73 Muslim Political Discourse in Postcolonial India]

{{Mosques in Pakistan}}
{{coord missing|Lahore}}

[[Category:1722 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1722]]
[[Category:Mosques in Lahore]]
[[Category:Mughal mosques]]
[[Category:Walled City of Lahore]]
[[Category:Destroyed mosques]]
[[Category:Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Pakistan]]

Shaheed Ganj Mosque - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article