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	{{Short description\|Indian Army General and MP (1914–1983)}}		{{Short description\|Indian Army General and MP (1914–1983)}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June ~~2022~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2015}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=November ~~2022~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=November 2020}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\| name = Shah Nawaz Khan		\| name = Shah Nawaz Khan

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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox military person
| name = Shah Nawaz Khan
| image = Shah Nawaz Khan.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|01|24}}
| birth_place = [[Rawalpindi]], [[British Punjab|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]], [[Pakistan]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1983|12|09|1914|01|24}}
| death_place = [[India]]
| allegiance = [[British India]] (until 1942) <br> [[Azad Hind]] (1943 – 1945)
| battles = [[Malayan campaign]]
| spouse = Karim Jaan
| children = Mahmood Nawaz khan Akbar Nawaz Khan <br> Ajmal Nawaz Khan Mumtaz Begum Fehmida Khanum Lateef Fatima
| relations = Grandchildren Adil Shah Nawaz Khan, Azam Nawaz Khan & Nameera Nawaz Khan
}}

'''Shah Nawaz Khan''' (January 1914 – 9 December 1983) was an [[India]]n politician who served as an officer in the [[Indian National Army]] (INA) during [[World War II]]. He was profoundly influenced by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s speeches asking POWs to join the Indian National Army and to fight for a free India, Khan led the army into [[Northeast India|North-Eastern India]], seizing [[Kohima]] and [[Imphal]] which were held briefly by the INA under the authority of the Japanese.<ref name="Tarique"/> In December 1944, Shah Nawaz Khan was appointed Commander of the 1st Division at [[Mandalay]]. After the war, he was [[Indian National Army trials|tried]], convicted for treason, and sentenced to death in a public court-martial carried out by the [[British Indian Army|Indian Army]]. The sentence was commuted by the [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-chief]] of the Indian Army following unrest and protests in India. After the trial, Khan declared that he would henceforth follow the path of non-violence espoused by [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatama Gandhi]] and he joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]]. Having successfully contested the [[1st Lok Sabha|first Lok Sabha]] in 1952 from [[Meerut]], Khan had an illustrious parliamentary career. He was elected four times to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut constituency]] in [[1951–52 Indian general election|1951]], [[1957 Indian general election|1957]], [[1962 Indian general election|1962]] and [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]. He lost in the [[1967 Indian general election|1967]] and [[1977 Indian general election|1977]] Lok Sabha election from Meerut.

==Early life==
As he states in his autobiography, Khan was born on 24 January 1914 into a [[Punjabi Muslim|Punjabi]] [[Muslim Rajput]]-[[Janjua]] family to Tikka Khan, who retired as a Captain of the British Indian Army, in [[Matore]], a village now in the [[Rawalpindi District]] of [[Pakistan]].<ref>Shah Nawaz Khan, ''The I. N. A. Heroes: Autobiographies of Maj. Gen. Shahnawaz, Col. Prem K. Sahgal [and] Col. Gurbax Singh Dhillon of the Azad Hind Fauj'', Hero Publications (1946), p. 3</ref><ref>''Indian Annual Register'', July-December 1945, vol. 2, p. 200</ref>

He was related to Bollywood actor [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s father.<ref>Priya Gupta (6 August 2013), [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/How-Shah-Rukhs-Pathan-father-fell-in-love-with-his-South-Indian-mother/articleshow/21574818.cms? "How SRK’s Pathan father fell in love with his South Indian mother"], ''The Times of India''. Retrieved 22 January 2019.</ref> Shah Nawaz Khan adopted [[Shah Rukh Khan]]'s mother and got her married to his close relative, Meer Taj Mohammed Khan, who was also a freedom fighter.<ref>Gopi Karelia (3 February 2020), [https://www.thebetterindia.com/212739/ina-hero-shahnawaz-khan-shah-rukh-khan-forgotten-army-amazon-prime-india-gop94/ "How SRK’s Pathan father fell in love with his South Indian mother"], ''The Better India''. Retrieved 16 March 2021.</ref>

He got his military education at the [[Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College]].<ref>''Who's who'', Issue 5,</ref> He was commissioned into the [[14th Punjab Regiment]].

==The Second World War and the Indian National Army==
Khan, who rose to the rank of captain in the Indian Army,<ref name="Tarique">{{citation|last=Tarique|first=Mohammad|title=Modern Indian History|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-066030-4|page=9-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DR2oAQAAQBAJ&pg=SA9-PA11}}</ref> was captured by the Japanese after the [[Battle of Singapore|fall of Singapore]] in 1942. A prisoner of war in Singapore, he was profoundly influenced by [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Subhas Chandra Bose's]] speeches asking POWs to join the [[Indian National Army]] and to fight for a free India.<ref name="Bose">''The INA Trial and The Raj'' (2003), Harkirat Singh, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, {{ISBN|9788126903160}}, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=P53UqWnGrOgC&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false 26]</ref> He later stated:<ref name="Bose"/> {{quote|"It will not be wrong to say that I was hypnotized by his personality and his speeches. He placed the true picture of India before us and for the first time in my life I saw India, through the eyes of an Indian."}}
Impressed by Bose's patriotic speeches, Nawaz joined the INA in 1943. He was included in the Cabinet of the [[Azad Hind|Provisional Government of Free India]] formed by Bose. Later, Bose decided to select a regiment consisting of the cream of the INA and send it to action to spearhead the advance into India. Khan led the army into North-Eastern India, seizing [[Kohima]] and [[Imphal]] which were held briefly by the INA under the authority of the Japanese.<ref name="Tarique"/> In December 1944, Shah Nawaz Khan was appointed Commander of the 1st Division at [[Mandalay]].

==Indian National Army trials==
{{Main article|Indian National Army trials}}
Khan was tried, along with General [[Prem Sahgal]] and Colonel [[Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon]], for "waging war against the King Emperor" in a public court martial at the [[Red Fort]] in Delhi. They were defended by [[Tej Bahadur Sapru|Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru]], [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Asaf Ali]], [[Bhulabhai Desai]], [[Kailash Nath Katju]] and others based on the defence that they should be treated as prisoners of war as they were not paid mercenaries but bona fide soldiers of a legal government, the Provisional Government of Free India, or the [[Azad Hind Government]], "however misinformed or otherwise they had been in their notion of patriotic duty towards their country" and as such they recognized the free Indian state as their sovereign and not the British sovereign.<ref>''A Hundred Horizons'', Sugata Bose, 2006 USA, p136</ref> During the trial, Khan cited the differential treatment meted out to Indian versus British soldiers in the Indian Army. In his testimony, Khan testified that no Indian officers were given the command of a division and only one was allowed to command a Brigade.<ref name=Cohen>{{Cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Stephen|title=Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=36|issue=4|date=Winter 1963|pages=411–429|jstor=2754686|doi=10.2307/2754686}}</ref> Khan was given the death sentence by the court but that sentence was reduced to [[cashiering]] by the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army.<ref name=green>{{Cite journal|last=Green|first= L.C.|title=The Indian National Army Trials|journal=The Modern Law Review|volume=11|issue=4|date=January 1948|pages=47–69|jstor=1090088|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1948.tb00071.x|doi-access=free}}</ref>

After the Indian National Army (INA) of Subhas Chandra Bose surrendered to British forces, officers and soldiers of the INA were arrested. Major General Shah Nawaz Khan, Col Prem Kumar, and Col. Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon were tried in court. Upon the directive of Allama Mashriqi, the Khaksars made great efforts for their release and their efforts did not go in vain. During a visit to the Khaksar Tehrik headquarters, Major General Shah Nawaz thanked Allama Mashriqi for obtaining their release. The General also thanked the Khaksars and stated, "We are highly grateful to the Khaksar Tehrik for their efforts in obtaining our release". ("Al-Islah" dated 11 January 1946). On this occasion, Major General Shah Nawaz Khan and Col. Prem Kumar Sahgal were photographed with the founder of the Khaksar Tehrik (Khaksar Movement), the respected Allama Mashriqi.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/AllamaMashriqiAndNetaji/photos/a.126841932017741/154263589275575/?type=3&theater</ref>

==Association with Mahatma Gandhi==
In 1946, Major General Shah Nawaz Khan accompanied Mahatma Gandhi and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan to restore peace and provide succour to the Noakhali riot victims, the Muslims in Bihar.<ref>Chandra Bhal Tripathi (6 February 2018), [https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/9/12938/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan--a-man-of-peace-who-turned-fighters-into-believers-of-non-violence "Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: A Man of Peace Who Turned Fighters Into Believers of Non-Violence"], ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 16 March 2021.</ref>

==Political career==
After the trial, Khan declared that he would henceforth follow the path of [[Nonviolence|non-violence]] espoused by Gandhi and he joined the [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]].<ref name=Cohen/> Having successfully contested the first Lok Sabha in 1952 from Meerut, Khan had an illustrious parliamentary career becoming:

* The [[Parliamentary Secretary]] and Deputy Minister of Railway and Transport for 11 years (1952–1956) & (1957–1964 (second term))
* Minister of Food & Agriculture (1965)
* Minister of Labour, Employment & Rehabilitation (1966)
* Minister of Steel & Mines and Minister of Petroleum & Chemical Industries (1971–1973)
* Minister of Agriculture & Irrigation (1974–1975)
* Minister of Agriculture & Irrigation (1975–1977)
* Chairman of National Seeds Corporation Ltd.
* Chairman, [[Food Corporation of India]].

He was elected four times to the [[Lok Sabha]] from [[Meerut (Lok Sabha constituency)|Meerut constituency]] in 1951, 1957, 1962 and 1971. He lost in the 1967 and 1977 Lok Sabha election from Meerut. During the 1965 war, his son Mahmud was a Pakistan Army Officer and the opposition demanded he be removed from the government. But [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], as Prime Minister, refused to accede and reminded them of his selfless service to India as an Officer of the [[Indian National Army|INA]].

Khan's political views were leftist, supporting land reforms and public distribution. But his support for permanent separate personal laws for religious communities led to his defeat in the 1967 elections against [[Jan Sangh]]. In 1969, the [[Indian National Congress]] split, leading him to side with [[Indira Gandhi]]. The 1971 "Gareebi Hatao" campaign brought him again as MP from Meerut. In 1977, the [[Janata Party]] led to his defeat and ended his career in Parliament. He remained as head of Congress Sewa Dal till his death in 1983.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Untold Story of a Forgotten INA Hero & His Connection to Shah Rukh Khan|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/212739/ina-hero-shahnawaz-khan-shah-rukh-khan-forgotten-army-amazon-prime-india-gop94/|date=2020-02-03|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-20}}</ref>

==Shahnawaz Committee==
{{Main article|Shah Nawaz Committee}}
In 1956, the government constituted a committee to look into the circumstances around [[Subhas Chandra Bose]]'s death with Khan as the head. The committee included Bose's elder brother Suresh Chandra Bose. The committee began its work in April 1956 and concluded four months later when two out of the three members (excluding Suresh Chandra Bose) concluded that Bose had died in the airplane crash at [[Taihoku]] (Japanese for Taipei) in [[Formosa]] (now Taiwan), on 18 August 1945. They stated that his ashes were kept in Japan's [[Renkoji Temple]] and should be reinstated to India.

==In popular culture==
''Shah Nawaz Khan'' is a 1987 Indian [[Documentary film|short documentary film]] directed by J. S. Bandekar and produced by the [[Films Division of India]]. It covers his life and contributions to the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=SHAH NAWAZ KHAN {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/shah-nawaz-khan|access-date=2021-06-12|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

In the 2005 movie ''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]'', Khan was portrayed by actor [[Sonu Sood]]. In the 2017 film ''[[Raagdesh]]'' on the [[Red Fort Trials]], he is portrayed by actor [[Kunal Kapoor (actor, born 1977)|Kunal Kapoor]].

He also contributed in the development of, ''Subhas Chandra'', a 1966 Indian [[Biographical film|biographical drama film]] on the life of Subhas Chandra Bose.<ref>{{Citation|title=Subhas Chandra {{!}} Eros Now|url=https://erosnow.com/movie/watch/1057812/subhas-chandra|language=en|access-date=2021-06-12}}.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=9565159}}
{{Indian National Army}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Shah Nawaz}}
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1983 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel]]
[[Category:Indian National Army personnel who were court-martialed]]
[[Category:People of British India]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Indian Military College alumni]]
[[Category:1st Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:2nd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:3rd Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:5th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Japan]]
[[Category:Punjabi people]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners of war]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]

[[Category:People from Rawalpindi District]]

Shah Nawaz Khan (general) - Revision history

TawannaIbarra: expanded article to improve readability and improved wording

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203.175.73.125 at 14:05, 21 August 2021