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	\|subdivision_ranks = Varieties		\|subdivision_ranks = Varieties
	\|subdivision = * ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''catechu'' <small>(L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>		\|subdivision = * ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''catechu'' <small>(L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.</small>
	* ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''sundra'' </small>(L.f.) Willd.</small><ref>[http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/107.HTM hear.org]</ref>		* ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''sundra'' <small>(L.f.) Willd.</small><ref>[http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/107.HTM hear.org]</ref>
	}}		}}
	[[File:Catechu.jpg\|thumb\|Catechu]]		[[File:Catechu.jpg\|thumb\|Catechu]]

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{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Acacia_catechu_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-003.jpg
|genus = Senegalia
|species = catechu
|authority = (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
|range_map = Acacia-catechu-range-map2.png
|range_map_caption = Range of ''Senegalia catechu''
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=ILDIS>[http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16744&genus~Acacia&species~catechu International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS)]</ref>
|synonyms = * ''Acacia catechu'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Willd.]], [[Oliv.]]
* ''Acacia catechu'' ([[L.f.]]) [[Willd.]] [[var.]] ''catechuoides'' ([[Roxb.]])[[Prain]]
* ''Acacia catechuoides'' (Roxb.) [[Benth.]]
* ''Acacia sundra'' (Roxb.) [[Bedd.]]
* ''Acacia wallichiana'' [[A. P. de Candolle|DC.]]
* ''Mimosa catechu'' [[L.f.]]
* ''Mimosa catechuoides'' Roxb.
|subdivision_ranks = Varieties
|subdivision = * ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''catechu'' (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
* ''Senegalia catechu'' var. ''sundra'' (L.f.) Willd.<ref>[http://www.hear.org/gcw/html/autogend/species/107.HTM hear.org]</ref>
}}
[[File:Catechu.jpg|thumb|Catechu]]

'''''Senegalia catechu''''' is a deciduous, thorny tree which grows up to {{convert|15|m|-1|abbr=on}} in height.<ref name="fao">[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/v8879e05.htm www.fao.org]</ref> The plant is called ''khair'' <ref name="khair">[http://www.haryana-online.com/Flora/khair.htm www.haryana-online.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203210049/http://haryana-online.com/Flora/khair.htm |date=2011-02-03 }}</ref> in Hindi, and ''kachu'' in Malay, hence the name was Latinized to "catechu" in [[Linnaean taxonomy]], as the type-species from which the extracts [[catechu|cutch]] and [[catechu]] are derived.<ref>http://www.yourdictionary.com/catechu Derivation of word from Malay</ref> Common names for it include '''kher''',<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 6| issue = 12| pages = 4940–4957| last1 = Ujwala| first1 = T. K.| last2 = Tomy| first2 = Shawn| last3 = Celine| first3 = Sandra| last4 = Chander| first4 = J. Sam Johnson Udaya| title = A Systematic Review of Some Potential Anti-Diabetic Herbs Used in India Characterized by Its Hypoglycemic Activity| journal = International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research| date = 2015| id = {{ProQuest|1747402306}}}}</ref> '''catechu''', '''cachou''', '''cutchtree''', '''black cutch''', and '''black catechu.'''

''Senegalia catechu'' is found in parts of [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]], including Cambodia, India, Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia<ref name = ILDIS/>
[[File:Black-cutch1.jpg|thumb|Pollens of Senegalia catechu]]
Through derivatives of the [[flavanol]]s in its extracts, the species has lent its name to the important [[catechin]]s, [[catechol]]s and [[catecholamine]]s of chemistry and biology.

==Uses==

===Food===
[[File:Khair (Acacia catechu) flowers at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7261.jpg|thumb|right|''Senegalia catechu'' flowers]]
The tree's seeds are a good source of [[protein]].<ref name="world">[http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=21 World AgroForestry Database]</ref> Kattha ([[catechu]]), an extract of its heartwood, is used as an ingredient to give red color and typical flavor to [[paan]]. Paan is an Indian and Southeast Asian tradition of chewing [[betel]] leaf (''Piper betle'') with [[areca]] nut and slaked lime paste.

===Fodder===
Branches of the tree are quite often cut for [[goat]] [[fodder]] and are sometimes fed to [[cattle]].<ref name=ILDIS /><ref name="world"/><ref name= "feedipedia">Heuzé V., Tran G., Hassoun P., Lebas F., 2018. Black cutch (Senegalia catechu). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/354 Last updated on February 9, 2018, 13:20</ref>

===Folk medicine ===
The [[Wood|heartwood]], bark, and wood [[extract]] (called ''[[catechu]]'') are used in [[traditional medicine]].<ref name="fao" /><ref name="frlht">{{cite web|url=http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=22&parname=0|title=Plant Details|publisher=envis.frlht.org|access-date=2014-10-04}}</ref> The concentrated aqueous extract, known as khayer gum or cutch, is [[astringent]].<ref>British Pharmacopoeia, Department of Health, British Pharmacopoeia Commission, London. The Stationery Office, (1999)</ref>

===Wood===
[[File:Khair (Acacia catechu) trunk at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7264.jpg|thumb|right|''Senegalia catechu'' trunks]]
The tree is often planted for use as [[firewood]] and charcoal and its wood is highly valued for furniture and tools.<ref name="fao"/> The wood has a density of about 0.88 g/cm3.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4095E/w4095e0c.htm FAO Appendix 1]</ref>

===Other uses===
Its [[heartwood]] [[extract]] is used in [[dyeing]] and [[leather]] [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]], as a [[preservative]] for [[fishing net]]s, and as a [[viscosity]] regulator for [[oil drilling]].<ref name="fao"/> Its flowers are a good source of nectar and pollen for bees.

==Cultivation==
[[File:Khair (Acacia catechu) leaves & fruits at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7263.jpg|thumb|right|''Senegalia catechu'' pods]]
The tree can be propagated by planting its seeds, which are soaked in hot water first. After about six months in a nursery, the seedlings can be planted in the field.<ref name="fao"/>

<gallery>
File:Khair (Acacia catechu) leaves & flowers at Hyderabad, AP W IMG 7262.jpg
File:Catechu nigrum2.JPG
File:Catechu nigrum1.JPG
File:കരിങ്ങാലി.jpg|Plantlings
File:Acacia catechu.jpg|Acacia catechu plantlings
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Arid Forest Research Institute]]
* [[Catechu]]
* [[Catechin]]
* [[Pyrocatechol]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline|Senegalia catechu}}
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Acacia catechu}}
*{{Commons-inline|Senegalia catechu}}
{{Tannin source}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q935632}}

[[Category:Senegalia|catechu]]
[[Category:Flora of Asia]]
[[Category:Plants used in Ayurveda]]
[[Category:Trees of Nepal]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]

Senegalia catechu - Revision history

->Jonesey95: Fix Linter errors.

imported>Salil Kumar Mukherjee: Picture addition #WPWP