https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Self-governanceSelf-governance - Revision history2026-09-07T13:18:00ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Self-governance&diff=419786&oldid=prevAjay Kumar: Created a new article2023-08-27T13:50:59Z<p>Created a new article</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Mode of governance}}<br />
{{About|the mode of governance|similar concepts of regulation|Self-regulation (disambiguation)}}<br />
{{Redirect|Self-Government|the Faraoese political party|Self-Government (Faroe Islands)}}<br />
{{Use shortened footnotes|date=February 2023}}<br />
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{{Governance}}[[File:Nuuk_and_Katuaq_-_Visit_Greenland.jpg|thumb|[[Greenland]], an [[autonomous administrative division|autonomous territory]] of the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]], has been self-governed since 2009.{{sfn|''Greenland in Figures 2012''}} Pictured: [[Nuuk]], Greenland.]]<br />
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'''Self-governance''', '''self-government''', or '''self-rule''' is the ability of a person or group to exercise all necessary functions of [[regulation]] without intervention from an external [[authority (sociology)|authority]].{{sfn|Rasmussen|2011|pp=x–xi}}{{sfn|Sørensen|Triantafillou|2009|pp=1–3}}{{sfn|Esmark|Triantafillou|2009|pp=29–30}} It may refer to personal conduct or to any form of [[institution]], such as [[family|family units]], [[social group]]s, [[affinity group]]s, [[legal person|legal bodies]], [[trade association|industry bodies]], [[religion]]s, and [[polity|political entities]] of various degree.{{sfn|Esmark|Triantafillou|2009|pp=29–30}}{{sfn|Sørensen|Triantafillou|2009|p=2}}{{sfn|Sørensen|Torfing|2009|p=43}} Self-governance is closely related to various philosophical and [[political sociology|socio-political]] concepts such as [[autonomy]], [[independence]], [[self-control]], [[Discipline#Self-discipline|self-discipline]], and [[sovereignty]].{{sfn|Rasmussen|2011|p=x}}<br />
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In the context of [[nation state]]s, self-governance is called [[Westphalian sovereignty|national sovereignty]] which is an important concept in [[international law]]. In the context of [[administrative division]], a self-governing [[territory]] is called an [[autonomous administrative division|autonomous region]].{{sfn|Ghai|Woodman|2013|pp=3–6}} Self-governance is also associated with political contexts in which a [[population]] or [[demographic]] becomes independent from [[colonial rule]], [[absolute government]], [[absolute monarchy]], or any government that they perceive does not adequately [[representation (politics)|represent]] them.{{sfn|Berlin|1997|pp=228–229}} It is therefore a fundamental tenet of many [[democracies]], [[republic]]s and [[nationalist]] governments.{{sfn|Rasmussen|2011}} [[Mohandas Gandhi]]'s term "[[swaraj]]" is a branch of this self-rule ideology. [[Henry David Thoreau]] was a major proponent of self-rule in lieu of immoral governments.<br />
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== Background ==<br />
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This principle has been explored in philosophy for centuries, with figures in [[ancient Greek philosophy]] such as [[Plato]] positing that {{wt|en|self-mastery}} is necessary for true freedom. Plato believed that individuals or groups cannot achieve freedom unless they govern their own pleasures and desires, and instead will be in a state of enslavement.{{sfn|Young|2018}}{{sfn|Laks|2007}} He states that self-mastery is the ability to be one's own master, it means being able to control one's own impulses and desires, rather than being controlled by them. Accordingly, this principle is not only a fundamental moral freedom but also as a necessary condition of [[political freedom]] and by extension the freedom and autonomy of any [[political structure]].{{sfn|Young|2018}}<br />
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[[John Locke]] further developed this idea, arguing that genuine freedom requires cognitive self-discipline and self-government. He believed that man's capacity for self-governance is the source of all freedom. He believed that freedom is not a possession but an action, that is, it is not something that you have but something you do.{{sfn|Casson|2011|pp=159–160}} Locke proposes that [[rationality]] is the key to true [[Agency (psychology)|agency]] and autonomy, and that political governance is enabled by the governing of one's own [[judgement]].{{sfn|Casson|2011|pp=160–161, 167}} His political philosophy was a prominent influence on [[Immanuel Kant]], and was later taken up in part by the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]].<br />
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The nature of self-governance, that freedom relies upon self-regulation, has further been explored by contemporary academics [[Gilles Deleuze]], [[Michel Foucault]], [[Judith Butler]], [[William E. Connolly]], and others.{{sfn|Rasmussen|2011|p=xiii}}<br />
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Self-governance is not just a philosophical concept but also a practical one. It can be seen in various forms such as self-regulation, self-control, self-management and self-leadership. It is an important concept in the fields of management, leadership, and governance, and is seen as a key to achieving personal and organizational goals. Self-governance can also be seen in the context of community and society, where it refers to the ability of individuals to take responsibility for their own actions and the actions of their community.<br />
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Additionally, self-governance is also closely related to the concept of self-determination. Self-determination refers to the idea that individuals and groups have the right to govern themselves, to make decisions about their own lives and to determine their own future. This concept is closely linked to the idea of self-governance because it emphasizes the importance of individuals and groups being able to take control of their own lives and to make decisions about their own future. It is also closely linked to the idea of autonomy, which refers to the ability of individuals and groups to make decisions for themselves, without external influence or control.<br />
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== Means of self-governance ==<br />
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The means of self-governance usually comprises some or all of the following:<br />
* A [[code of conduct]] that outlines acceptable behavior within the unit or group.{{sfn|Esmark|Triantafillou|2009|p=31}} This may include a [[legal code|legal]] or [[ethical code]] (e.g. the [[Hippocratic Oath]] of [[Physician|doctors]], or established codes of [[professional ethics]]).<br />
* A means of ensuring external authority does not become involved unless and until certain criteria are satisfied.<br />
* A means of facilitating the intended functions of the unit or group.<br />
* A means of registering and resolving [[grievance]]s (e.g. [[medical malpractice]], union procedures, and for achieving closure regarding them).{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}<br />
* A means of [[disciplinary procedure]] within the unit or group,{{sfn|Esmark|Triantafillou|2009|p=32}} ranging from [[fine (penalty)|fines]] and [[censure]] up to and including penalty of death.<br />
* A means of suppressing parties, factions, tendencies, or other sub-groups that seek to [[secede]] from the unit or group.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
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{{div col}}<br />
* [[Anarchism]]<br />
* [[Autonomy]]<br />
* [[Consent of the governed]]<br />
* [[Secession]]<br />
* [[Self-determination]]<br />
* [[Self-governing colony]]<br />
* [[Personal development|Self-management]]<br />
* [[Self-ownership]]<br />
* [[Sociocracy]]<br />
* [[Swaraj]]<br />
{{div col end}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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=== Works cited ===<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite book|title=Greenland in Figures 2012|journal=Greenland in Figures|publisher=stat.gl|isbn=978-87-986787-6-2|issn=1602-5709|access-date=10 February 2013|url-status=live|url=http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2012/content/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202012.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113160436/http://www.stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2012/content/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202012.pdf| ref = {{SfnRef|Greenland in Figures 2012}} }}<br />
* {{cite book|first1=Eva|last1=Sørensen|first2=Peter|last2=Triantafillou|chapter=The Politics of Self-Governance: An Introduction|title=The Politics of Self-Governance|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7546-7164-0}}<br />
* {{cite book|first1=Anders|last1=Esmark|first2=Peter|last2=Triantafillou|chapter=A Macro Level Perspective on Governance of the Self and Others|title=The Politics of Self-Governance|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7546-7164-0}}<br />
* {{cite book|first1=Eva|last1=Sørensen|first2=Jacob|last2=Torfing|chapter=The Politics of Self-Governance in Meso Level Theories|title=The Politics of Self-Governance|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7546-7164-0}}<br />
* {{cite book|first1=Yash|last1=Ghai|first2=Sophia|last2=Woodman|title=Practicing Self-Government: A Comparative Study of Autonomous Regions|year=2013|isbn=978-1-107-01858-7}}<br />
* {{cite journal|first=Carl|last=Young|year=2018|title=Plato's Concept of Liberty in the Laws|journal=History of Political Thought|volume=39|issue=3|issn=0143-781X|publisher=Imprint Academic}}<br />
* {{cite journal|first=André|last=Laks|year=2007|title=Freedom Liberty and Liberality in Plato's Laws|url=https://www.academia.edu/36305468|journal=Social Philosophy and Policy|volume=24|issue=2|pages=130–152|doi=10.1017/S0265052507070197|s2cid=144268937}}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Isaiah|last=Berlin|year=1997|title=The Proper Study of Mankind|publisher=Chatto & Windus|editor1-first=Henry|editor1-last=Hardy|editor2-first=Rodger|editor2-last=Hausheer|isbn=978-0374527174}}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Douglas John|last=Casson|year=2011|chapter=Freedom, Happiness, and the Reasonable Self|title=Liberating Judgment: Fanatics, Skeptics, and John Locke's Politics of Probability|isbn=978-0691144740}}<br />
* {{cite book|first=Claire Elaine|last=Rasmussen|year=2011|title=The Autonomous Animal: Self-governance and the Modern Subject|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=978-0816669561}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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== Further reading ==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite journal|first=Colin|last=Bird|year=2000|title=The Possibility of Self-Government|journal=The American Political Science Review|volume=94|number=3|publisher=American Political Science Association|pages=563–577|doi=10.2307/2585831|jstor=2585831|s2cid=147278871|url=https://www.academia.edu/1312067}}<br />
* {{cite book|url=https://www.routledge.com/Autonomy-Self-Governance-and-Conflict-Resolution-Innovative-approaches/Weller-Wolff/p/book/9780415479592first1=Marc|last1=Weller|first2=Stefan|last2=Wolff|title=Autonomy, Self-governance and Conflict Resolution: Innovative approaches to institutional design in divided societies|year=2005|isbn=0-415-33986-3}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
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{{Autonomous types of first-tier administration}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
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[[Category:Self-governance| ]]<br />
[[Category:Forms of local government]]<br />
[[Category:Autonomy]]<br />
[[Category:Sovereignty]]</div>Ajay Kumar