Seleucid–Mauryan war - Revision history

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Citing note

2024-02-21T01:03:01Z

Citing note

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:33, 21 February 2024
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	\| date = 305–303 BC		\| date = 305–303 BC
	\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]		\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]
	\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and '''drove out the Seleucid forces.''' ... The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>		\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and '''drove out the Seleucid forces.''' ... The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref><ref group=note>K.M. Munishi, Pg 15-16 : Chandragupta drove out the Greeks from the Punjab in a brilliant war of liberation. The successful war against the Greeks awoke Chandragupta (c.324-300 B.C.) to a consciousness of his strength. ... Consolidating his position in the Punjab, and inspired by his teacher Chanakya, Chandragupta marched on Pataliputra; killed Dhana Nanda, assumed the sovereignty of Magadha; vanquished Seleucus, the Greek, who was moving towards India to recapture Alexander’s lost possessions; and started on a career of becoming the architect of an all-India empire.[https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.526980/page/n15/mode/1up]</ref>
	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="UPINDER"> Pg.740 : "Chandragupta and Seleucus Nikator, who had inherited the eastern provinces of Alexander empire. This may have occurred in about 301 BCE and was '''resolved by an agreement.''' Chandragupta obtained the territories of Arachosia (the Kandahar area of south-east Afghanistan), Gedrosia (south Baluchistan), and Paropomisadai (the area between Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent) and handed over 500 elephants in return. "{{Cite book\|page=740,748\|url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-ancient-and-early-medeival-india-from-the-stone-age-to-the-12th-century-pdfdrive\|title=History Of Ancient And Early Medeival India From The Stone Age To The 12th Century\|last=[[Upinder Singh]]\|date=2008}}</ref>		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="UPINDER"> Pg.740 : "Chandragupta and Seleucus Nikator, who had inherited the eastern provinces of Alexander empire. This may have occurred in about 301 BCE and was '''resolved by an agreement.''' Chandragupta obtained the territories of Arachosia (the Kandahar area of south-east Afghanistan), Gedrosia (south Baluchistan), and Paropomisadai (the area between Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent) and handed over 500 elephants in return. "{{Cite book\|page=740,748\|url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-ancient-and-early-medeival-india-from-the-stone-age-to-the-12th-century-pdfdrive\|title=History Of Ancient And Early Medeival India From The Stone Age To The 12th Century\|last=[[Upinder Singh]]\|date=2008}}</ref>
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930 at 00:51, 21 February 2024

2024-02-21T00:51:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 21 February 2024
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	* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus<ref name="MAJUMDAR">		* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus<ref name="MAJUMDAR">
	"Pg.101 : Towards the close of the reign of Chandrgupta, the Maurya empire received a further extension in the north-west Seleucus the general of Alexander, who had made himself master of Babylon, gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus and even tried to regain the provinces to the east of that river. He failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai {Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qandahar), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), '''in return for 500 elephant.''' "{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4263\|title=Advanced history of India\|last=Majumdar\|first=R. C.\|date=1953\|publisher=Macmillan & Company\|page=101,104}}</ref>		"Pg.101 : Towards the close of the reign of Chandrgupta, the Maurya empire received a further extension in the north-west Seleucus the general of Alexander, who had made himself master of Babylon, gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus and even tried to regain the provinces to the east of that river. He failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai {Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qandahar), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), '''in return for 500 elephant.''' "{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4263\|title=Advanced history of India\|last=Majumdar\|first=R. C.\|date=1953\|publisher=Macmillan & Company\|page=101,104}}</ref>
	* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]<ref name="MUNISHI">"Pg.60 : Seleucus had to purchase peace by ceding to Chandragupta territories then known as Aria, Arachosia, and Paropanisadae (the capitals of which were respectively the cities now known as Herat, Kandahar and Kabul), and probably also a part of Gedrosia (Baluchistan). In return Chandragupta presented him with 500 war elephants. The terms of the peace leave no doubt that the Greek ruler fared badly at the hands of Chandragupta. His defeat and discomfiture at the hands of an Indian ruler would naturally be passed over by Greek writers, and their silence goes decidedly against Seleucus. The peace was ratified by a matrimonial alliance between the rival parties. This has been generally taken to mean that Chandragupta married a daughter of Seleucus, but this is not warranted by known facts. Henceforth ~~‘’’Scleucus~~ maintained friendly relations with the Mauryan Court and sent Megasthanes as his ~~ambassador’’’~~ who lived in Pataliputra for a long time and wrote a book on India."		* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]<ref name="MUNISHI">"Pg.60 : Seleucus had to purchase peace by ceding to Chandragupta territories then known as Aria, Arachosia, and Paropanisadae (the capitals of which were respectively the cities now known as Herat, Kandahar and Kabul), and probably also a part of Gedrosia (Baluchistan). In return Chandragupta presented him with 500 war elephants. The terms of the peace leave no doubt that the Greek ruler fared badly at the hands of Chandragupta. His defeat and discomfiture at the hands of an Indian ruler would naturally be passed over by Greek writers, and their silence goes decidedly against Seleucus. The peace was ratified by a matrimonial alliance between the rival parties. This has been generally taken to mean that Chandragupta married a daughter of Seleucus, but this is not warranted by known facts. Henceforth '''Scleucus maintained friendly relations with the Mauryan Court and sent Megasthanes as his ambassador''' who lived in Pataliputra for a long time and wrote a book on India."
	{{Cite book \|last=Munishi \|first=K.M. \|page=60\|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.526980/page/60/mode/1up\|title=The Age Of Imperial Unity Volume II\|date=1953}}</ref>		{{Cite book \|last=Munishi \|first=K.M. \|page=60\|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.526980/page/60/mode/1up\|title=The Age Of Imperial Unity Volume II\|date=1953}}</ref>
	* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans<ref name="RAYCHAUDHARI">"Pg.273 : The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the "comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus."		* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans<ref name="RAYCHAUDHARI">"Pg.273 : The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the "comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus."

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Citing

2024-02-21T00:46:03Z

Citing

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 21 February 2024
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	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .
	Check Mauryan Empire on Page 43 “{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/historyatlasofas00ianb\|title=The history atlas of Asia\|page=42\|last=Barnes\|first=Ian\|last2=Hudson\|first2=Robert\|last3=Parekh\|first3=Bhikhu C.\|date=1998\|publisher=New York : Macmillan\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-02-862581-2}}</ref>		Check Mauryan Empire on Page 43 “{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/historyatlasofas00ianb\|title=The history atlas of Asia\|page=42\|last=Barnes\|first=Ian\|last2=Hudson\|first2=Robert\|last3=Parekh\|first3=Bhikhu C.\|date=1998\|publisher=New York : Macmillan\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-02-862581-2}}</ref>

	* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance<ref name="WORLDHISTO"> “Pg.270 :In 324 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya unified northern India by defeating his rivals. He went on to war against the successor of ALEXANDER THE GREAT in Asia, Seleucus Nicator, expelling his forces from the borderlands of India. In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the MAURYAN EMPIRE to the crest of the Hindu Kush. There was also exchange of ambassadors, gifts, and a vague mention of a '''marriage alliance'''. Megasthenes was Seleucus’s representative at Chandragupta’s court. “		* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance<ref name="WORLDHISTO"> “Pg.270 :In 324 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya unified northern India by defeating his rivals. He went on to war against the successor of ALEXANDER THE GREAT in Asia, Seleucus Nicator, expelling his forces from the borderlands of India. In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the MAURYAN EMPIRE to the crest of the Hindu Kush. There was also exchange of ambassadors, gifts, and a vague mention of a '''marriage alliance'''. Megasthenes was Seleucus’s representative at Chandragupta’s court. “
	&		&
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	* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus<ref name="MAJUMDAR">		* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus<ref name="MAJUMDAR">
	"Pg.101 : Towards the close of the reign of Chandrgupta, the Maurya empire received a further extension in the north-west Seleucus the general of Alexander, who had made himself master of Babylon, gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus and even tried to regain the provinces to the east of that river. He failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai {Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qandahar), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), '''in return for 500 elephant.''' "{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4263\|title=Advanced history of India\|last=Majumdar\|first=R. C.\|date=1953\|publisher=Macmillan & Company\|page=101,104}}</ref>		"Pg.101 : Towards the close of the reign of Chandrgupta, the Maurya empire received a further extension in the north-west Seleucus the general of Alexander, who had made himself master of Babylon, gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus and even tried to regain the provinces to the east of that river. He failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai {Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qandahar), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), '''in return for 500 elephant.''' "{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4263\|title=Advanced history of India\|last=Majumdar\|first=R. C.\|date=1953\|publisher=Macmillan & Company\|page=101,104}}</ref>
	* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]		* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]<ref name="MUNISHI">"Pg.60 : Seleucus had to purchase peace by ceding to Chandragupta territories then known as Aria, Arachosia, and Paropanisadae (the capitals of which were respectively the cities now known as Herat, Kandahar and Kabul), and probably also a part of Gedrosia (Baluchistan). In return Chandragupta presented him with 500 war elephants. The terms of the peace leave no doubt that the Greek ruler fared badly at the hands of Chandragupta. His defeat and discomfiture at the hands of an Indian ruler would naturally be passed over by Greek writers, and their silence goes decidedly against Seleucus. The peace was ratified by a matrimonial alliance between the rival parties. This has been generally taken to mean that Chandragupta married a daughter of Seleucus, but this is not warranted by known facts. Henceforth ‘’’Scleucus maintained friendly relations with the Mauryan Court and sent Megasthanes as his ambassador’’’ who lived in Pataliputra for a long time and wrote a book on India."
			{{Cite book \|last=Munishi \|first=K.M. \|page=60\|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.526980/page/60/mode/1up\|title=The Age Of Imperial Unity Volume II\|date=1953}}</ref>
	* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans<ref name="RAYCHAUDHARI">"Pg.273 : The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the "comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus."		* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans<ref name="RAYCHAUDHARI">"Pg.273 : The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the "comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus."
	{{Cite book \|last=Raychaudhuri \|first=Hem Chandra \|page=273,297,327\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1633 \|title=Political history of ancient India \|date=1953}}~~</ref><ref>[[Strabo]], ''Geography'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/15B*.html#2.9 xv.2.9]~~</ref> {{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation\|last=Smith\|first=Vincent Arthur\|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104\|year=1920\|publisher=Clarendon Press\|pages=104–106}}</ref>		{{Cite book \|last=Raychaudhuri \|first=Hem Chandra \|page=273,297,327\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1633 \|title=Political history of ancient India \|date=1953}}</ref>{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation\|last=Smith\|first=Vincent Arthur\|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104\|year=1920\|publisher=Clarendon Press\|pages=104–106}}</ref>
	\| combatant1 = [[Maurya Empire]]		\| combatant1 = [[Maurya Empire]]
	\| combatant2 = [[Seleucid Empire]]		\| combatant2 = [[Seleucid Empire]]

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Citing

2024-02-21T00:09:07Z

Citing

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:39, 21 February 2024
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	\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]		\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]
	\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and '''drove out the Seleucid forces.''' ... The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>		\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and '''drove out the Seleucid forces.''' ... The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>
	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="UPINDER"> Pg.740 : "Chandragupta and Seleucus Nikator, who had inherited the eastern provinces of Alexander empire. This may have occurred in about 301 BCE and was '''resolved by an agreement.''' Chandragupta obtained the territories of Arachosia (the Kandahar area of south-east Afghanistan), Gedrosia (south Baluchistan), and Paropomisadai (the area between Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent) and handed over 500 elephants in return. "{{Cite book\|page=740,748\|url=http://archive.org/details/history-of-ancient-and-early-medeival-india-from-the-stone-age-to-the-12th-century-pdfdrive\|title=History Of Ancient And Early Medeival India From The Stone Age To The 12th Century\|last=[[Upinder Singh]]\|date=2008}}</ref>
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .
	Check Mauryan Empire on Page 43 “{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/historyatlasofas00ianb\|title=The history atlas of Asia\|page=42\|last=Barnes\|first=Ian\|last2=Hudson\|first2=Robert\|last3=Parekh\|first3=Bhikhu C.\|date=1998\|publisher=New York : Macmillan\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-02-862581-2}}</ref>		Check Mauryan Empire on Page 43 “{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/historyatlasofas00ianb\|title=The history atlas of Asia\|page=42\|last=Barnes\|first=Ian\|last2=Hudson\|first2=Robert\|last3=Parekh\|first3=Bhikhu C.\|date=1998\|publisher=New York : Macmillan\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-02-862581-2}}</ref>

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930 at 00:03, 21 February 2024

2024-02-21T00:03:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:33, 21 February 2024
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	\| date = 305–303 BC		\| date = 305–303 BC
	\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]		\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]
	\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and drove out the Seleucid forces. ~~His grandson Asoka (uh-SOH-kuh) (269-232 b.c~~.~~e.) extended the empire to include most of India and is considered the greatest ruler in India's history~~. ~~Asoka, a pious Buddhist, sought to convert the remaining Greek communities in northwestern India to his religion and even sent Buddhist missionaries to Greek rulers~~. The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>		\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and '''drove out the Seleucid forces.''' ... The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>
	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Citing

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Citing

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Citing

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Citing

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:13, 21 February 2024
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	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire
	* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance		* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance<ref name="WORLDHISTO"> “Pg.270 :In 324 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya unified northern India by defeating his rivals. He went on to war against the successor of ALEXANDER THE GREAT in Asia, Seleucus Nicator, expelling his forces from the borderlands of India. In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the MAURYAN EMPIRE to the crest of the Hindu Kush. There was also exchange of ambassadors, gifts, and a vague mention of a '''marriage alliance'''. Megasthenes was Seleucus’s representative at Chandragupta’s court. “
			&
			“Check Mauryan Empire Map , Pg:590. “{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopedia-of-world-history-7-volumes-set-facts-on-file-2008/page/n270/mode/1up\|page=270\|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD HISTORY 7 Volumes}}</ref>
	* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus		* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus
	* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]		* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]

2401:4900:B18:2825:E167:DA18:DB03:1930: Better Citation

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Better Citation

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 21 February 2024
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	\| date = 305–303 BC		\| date = 305–303 BC
	\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]		\| place = Northwestern [[India]], chiefly the [[Indus River Valley]]
	\| result = Mauryan victory<ref>~~{{harvnb\|Grainger\|2014\|pp=108–110}}:~~ "~~Such fighting as there~~ was ~~produced a decisive Indian victory~~. ~~[...] There is little or no evidence for~~ the ~~[detailed] account [...] The career~~ of ~~Chandragupta is as unclear as that~~ of ~~Seleukos~~ in the east.~~"</ref>{{refn\|group=note\|Hartmut Scharfe~~ (~~1971~~) ~~had argued that Seleucus had gained~~ the ~~upper hand~~ and ~~retained overlordship~~ of the ~~eastern satrapies, which were put under Chandragupta~~'s ~~charge~~ in ~~exchange for~~ the ~~elephants~~ as ~~tribute; but according~~ to ~~Trautmann~~,{{~~sfn~~\|~~Trautmann~~\|~~2015~~\|p=~~235}} no other scholars have agreed with this conclusion; Wheatley and Heckel state that Scharfe's argument "does not convince~~.~~"{{sfn~~\|~~Wheatley~~\|~~Heckel~~\|~~2011~~\|p=~~296}}~~}}<br>		\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and drove out the Seleucid forces. His grandson Asoka (uh-SOH-kuh) (269-232 b.c.e.) extended the empire to include most of India and is considered the greatest ruler in India's history. Asoka, a pious Buddhist, sought to convert the remaining Greek communities in northwestern India to his religion and even sent Buddhist missionaries to Greek rulers. The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>
	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire
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	The war ended in a settlement resulting in the annexation of the [[Indus Valley]] region and part of Afghanistan to the Mauryan Empire, with Chandragupta securing control over the areas that he had sought, and a marriage alliance between the two powers. After the war, the Mauryan Empire emerged as the dominant power of the [[Indian subcontinent]], and the Seleucid Empire turned its attention toward defeating its [[Diadochi\|rivals in the west]].		The war ended in a settlement resulting in the annexation of the [[Indus Valley]] region and part of Afghanistan to the Mauryan Empire, with Chandragupta securing control over the areas that he had sought, and a marriage alliance between the two powers. After the war, the Mauryan Empire emerged as the dominant power of the [[Indian subcontinent]], and the Seleucid Empire turned its attention toward defeating its [[Diadochi\|rivals in the west]].

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	{{Main\|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}		{{Main\|Conquest of the Nanda Empire}}

Bharatwiki Socrates: adding aftermath

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adding aftermath

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, 14 January 2024
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	Mauryan control of territory in Afghanistan helped guard against invasion of India from the northwest.{{sfn\|Grainger\|2014\|pp=108–110}} Chandragupta Maurya went on to expand his rule in India southward into the [[Deccan Plateau\|Deccan]].<ref name="Grant"/>		Mauryan control of territory in Afghanistan helped guard against invasion of India from the northwest.{{sfn\|Grainger\|2014\|pp=108–110}} Chandragupta Maurya went on to expand his rule in India southward into the [[Deccan Plateau\|Deccan]].<ref name="Grant"/>

			==Aftermath==
			After war and treaty with Seleucus , Chandragupta with his army marched toward south for further conquest:
			<blockquote>"Not long afterwards Androkottos (Chandragupta_Maurya), who had by that time mounted the throne, presented Selukos with 500 elephants, and overran and subdued the whole of India with an army of 6,00,000."

			-Chapter LXII ,Life of Alexander, Plutarch [https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TXtEAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false]
			</blockquote>
			Furthermore, the Seleucus received a considerable military force of 500 [[war elephant\|war elephants]] with [[Mahout\|mahouts]], which played a decisive role against Antigonus at the [[Battle of Ipsus]] in 301 BC. In 281 BC, he also defeated [[Lysimachus]] at the [[Battle of Corupedium]], adding Asia Minor to his empire. Seleucus' victories against Antigonus and Lysimachus left the Seleucid dynasty virtually unopposed amongst the Diadochi.<ref>Bennett & Roberts, pp. 112–113</ref>
	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist\|group=note}}		{{reflist\|group=note}}

2001:67C:2628:647:94AF:C9FF:FEB7:FD6F: /* Indian Sources and Epigamia */Improvement

2023-12-13T15:00:17Z

Indian Sources and Epigamia: Improvement

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:30, 13 December 2023
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	(Bhavishya Purana - Pratisarga Parva 1: Chapter 6, Verse 43,44)<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/NHJr_bhavishya-maha-puran-1959-khem-raj-shri-krishna-lal-shri-venkateshwar-steam-press-mumbai\|title=Bhavishya Maha Puran, 1959 Khem Raj Shri Krishna Lal, Shri Venkateshwar Steam Press, Mumbai\|last=Khem Raj Shri Krishna Lal\|first=Shri Venkateshwar Steam Press}}</ref>		(Bhavishya Purana - Pratisarga Parva 1: Chapter 6, Verse 43,44)<ref>{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/NHJr_bhavishya-maha-puran-1959-khem-raj-shri-krishna-lal-shri-venkateshwar-steam-press-mumbai\|title=Bhavishya Maha Puran, 1959 Khem Raj Shri Krishna Lal, Shri Venkateshwar Steam Press, Mumbai\|last=Khem Raj Shri Krishna Lal\|first=Shri Venkateshwar Steam Press}}</ref>

	Translation: The descendants of Shakyasingh became Lord Buddha, who ruled for half of his father's time. Chandragupta, a descendant of Buddha, married the Buddhist daughter of the Greek ruler ~~[[Seleucus\|Seleucus I Nicator]]~~, and he ruled for sixty years. After him, Bindusara, ruled, and eventually, Ashoka emerged as a significant ruler, continuing the lineage of Bindusara.		Translation: The descendants of Shakyasingh became Lord Buddha, who ruled for half of his father's time. Chandragupta, a descendant of Buddha, married the Buddhist daughter of the Greek ruler Selucus, and he ruled for sixty years. After him, Bindusara, ruled, and eventually, Ashoka emerged as a significant ruler, continuing the lineage of Bindusara.
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	=== Chandragupta conquest of four provinces===		=== Chandragupta conquest of four provinces===
	Mainstream scholarship asserts that Chandragupta received vast territory west of the Indus, including the [[Hindu Kush]], modern-day Afghanistan, and the [[Balochistan, Pakistan\|Balochistan]] province of Pakistan.<ref>[[Vincent Arthur Smith\|Vincent A. Smith]] (1998). ''Ashoka''. Asian Educational Services. {{ISBN\|81-206-1303-1}}.</ref><ref>[[Walter Eugene Clark]] (1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology", ''Classical Philology'' '''14''' (4), pp. 297–313.</ref>		Mainstream scholarship asserts that Chandragupta received vast territory west of the Indus, including the [[Hindu Kush]], modern-day Afghanistan, and the [[Balochistan, Pakistan\|Balochistan]] province of Pakistan.<ref>[[Vincent Arthur Smith\|Vincent A. Smith]] (1998). ''Ashoka''. Asian Educational Services. {{ISBN\|81-206-1303-1}}.</ref><ref>[[Walter Eugene Clark]] (1919). "The Importance of Hellenism from the Point of View of Indic-Philology", ''Classical Philology'' '''14''' (4), pp. 297–313.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:30, 21 February 2024
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	\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and drove out the Seleucid forces. His grandson Asoka (uh-SOH-kuh) (269-232 b.c.e.) extended the empire to include most of India and is considered the greatest ruler in India's history. Asoka, a pious Buddhist, sought to convert the remaining Greek communities in northwestern India to his religion and even sent Buddhist missionaries to Greek rulers. The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>		\| result = Mauryan victory<ref name="JACKSON"> " Pg.106 - Seleucid Kingdom Another Hellenistic monarchy was founded by the general Seleucus (suh-LOO-kuss), who established the Seleucid dynasty of Syria. This was the largest of the Hellenistic kingdoms and controlled much of the old Persian Empire from Turkey in the west to India in the east, although the Seleucids found it increasingly difficult to maintain control of the eastern territories. In fact, an Indian ruler named Chandragupta Maurya (chundruh-GOOP-tuh MOWR-yuh) (324-301 B.c.E.) created a new Indian state, the Mauryan Empire, and drove out the Seleucid forces. His grandson Asoka (uh-SOH-kuh) (269-232 b.c.e.) extended the empire to include most of India and is considered the greatest ruler in India's history. Asoka, a pious Buddhist, sought to convert the remaining Greek communities in northwestern India to his religion and even sent Buddhist missionaries to Greek rulers. The Seleucid rulers maintained relations with the Mauryan Empire. Trade was fostered, especially in such luxuries as spices and jewels. Seleucus also sent Greek and Macedonian ambassadors to the Mauryan court. Best known of these was Megasthenes (muh-GAS-thuh-neez), whose report on the people of India remained one of the Western best sources of information on India until the Middle Ages. " {{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie\|title=Western civilization\|last=Spielvogel\|first=Jackson J.\|date=2012\|page=106\|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref>
	*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}		*Treaty of the Indus{{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}
	* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire		* Seleucid Empire's eastern satrapies ceded to Mauryan Empire<ref name="IANBARNES">“ Pg.42 : Threatened by Chandragupta’s growing power, Seleucis of Syria, Alexander’s successor, challenged him by invading northern India in 305 BC but suffered a devastating defeat. A treaty ending the conflict gave Chandragupta all lands north to the Hindu Kush, including Baluchistan and Afghanistan. Chandragupta used an extensive and elaborate civil service, an army, and a secret service to rule. A virtual dictatorship coincided with widespread public works, building roads and developing irrigation systems .
			Check Mauryan Empire on Page 43 “{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/historyatlasofas00ianb\|title=The history atlas of Asia\|page=42\|last=Barnes\|first=Ian\|last2=Hudson\|first2=Robert\|last3=Parekh\|first3=Bhikhu C.\|date=1998\|publisher=New York : Macmillan\|others=Internet Archive\|isbn=978-0-02-862581-2}}</ref>

	* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance<ref name="WORLDHISTO"> “Pg.270 :In 324 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya unified northern India by defeating his rivals. He went on to war against the successor of ALEXANDER THE GREAT in Asia, Seleucus Nicator, expelling his forces from the borderlands of India. In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the MAURYAN EMPIRE to the crest of the Hindu Kush. There was also exchange of ambassadors, gifts, and a vague mention of a '''marriage alliance'''. Megasthenes was Seleucus’s representative at Chandragupta’s court. “		* Seleucus gives the hand of his daughter to Chandragupta, founding a dynastic alliance<ref name="WORLDHISTO"> “Pg.270 :In 324 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya unified northern India by defeating his rivals. He went on to war against the successor of ALEXANDER THE GREAT in Asia, Seleucus Nicator, expelling his forces from the borderlands of India. In 305 B.C.E. the two men concluded a treaty in which the Greeks withdrew from the Punjab in northwestern India and which fixed the western boundary of the MAURYAN EMPIRE to the crest of the Hindu Kush. There was also exchange of ambassadors, gifts, and a vague mention of a '''marriage alliance'''. Megasthenes was Seleucus’s representative at Chandragupta’s court. “
	&		&
	“Check Mauryan Empire Map , Pg:590. “{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopedia-of-world-history-7-volumes-set-facts-on-file-2008/page/n270/mode/1up\|page=270\|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD HISTORY 7 Volumes}}</ref>		“Check Mauryan Empire Map , Pg:590. “{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopedia-of-world-history-7-volumes-set-facts-on-file-2008/page/n270/mode/1up\|page=270\|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD HISTORY 7 Volumes}}</ref>
	* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus		* Chandragupta gives 500 [[war elephants]] to Seleucus<ref name="MAJUMDAR">
			"Pg.101 : Towards the close of the reign of Chandrgupta, the Maurya empire received a further extension in the north-west Seleucus the general of Alexander, who had made himself master of Babylon, gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus and even tried to regain the provinces to the east of that river. He failed and had to conclude a treaty with Chandragupta by which he surrendered a large territory including, in the opinion of certain writers, the satrapies of Paropanisadai {Kabul), Aria (Herat), Arachosia (Qandahar), and Gedrosia (Baluchistan), '''in return for 500 elephant.''' "{{Cite book\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4263\|title=Advanced history of India\|last=Majumdar\|first=R. C.\|date=1953\|publisher=Macmillan & Company\|page=101,104}}</ref>
	* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]		* Establishment of [[Megasthenes\|diplomatic relations]]
	* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans <ref>[[Strabo]], ''Geography'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/15B*.html#2.9 xv.2.9]</ref> {{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation\|last=Smith\|first=Vincent Arthur\|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104\|year=1920\|publisher=Clarendon Press\|pages=104–106}}</ref>		* Conquest of the Persian territories such as [[Aria (region)]] [[Arachosia]], [[Gedrosia]] and [[Paropamisadae]] by the Mauryans<ref name="RAYCHAUDHARI">"Pg.273 : The ceded country comprised a large portion of Ariana itself, a fact ignored by Tarn. In exchange the Maurya a monarch gave the "comparatively small recompense of 500 elephants. It is believed that the territory ceded by the Syrian king included the four satrapies: Aria, Arachosia, Gedrosia and the Paropanisadai, i.e., Herat, Kandahar, Makran and Kabul. Doubts have been entertained about this by several scholars including Tarn. The inclusion of the Kabul valley within the Maurya Empire is, however, proved by the inscriptions of Asoka, the grandson of Chandragupta, which speak of the Yonas and Gandharas as vassals of the Empire. And the evidence of Strabo probably points to the cession by Seleukos of a large part of the Iranian Tableland besides the riparian provinces on the Indus."
			{{Cite book \|last=Raychaudhuri \|first=Hem Chandra \|page=273,297,327\|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.1633 \|title=Political history of ancient India \|date=1953}}</ref><ref>[[Strabo]], ''Geography'', [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/15B*.html#2.9 xv.2.9]</ref> {{sfn\|Kosmin\|2014\|p=33–34}}<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation\|last=Smith\|first=Vincent Arthur\|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104\|year=1920\|publisher=Clarendon Press\|pages=104–106}}</ref>
	\| combatant1 = [[Maurya Empire]]		\| combatant1 = [[Maurya Empire]]
	\| combatant2 = [[Seleucid Empire]]		\| combatant2 = [[Seleucid Empire]]