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The '''Seistan Force''', originally called '''East Persia Cordon''', was a force of [[British Indian Army]] troops set up to prevent infiltration by German and Ottoman agents from [[Iran|Persia]] (Iran) into [[Afghanistan]] during World War I. The force was established to protect British interests in Persia from subversion by German agents, most notably [[Wilhelm Wassmuss]]. The force was also tasked to intercept and destroy the [[Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition|Turco-German expedition]] to [[Kabul]] that sought Afghan alliance in the [[Central Powers|Central]] war effort and Afghan assistance to wartime [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|revolutionary conspiracies]] in India.<ref name=Collett144>{{Harvnb|Collett|2006|pp=144–145}}</ref><ref name=Hopkirk117>{{Harvnb|Hopkirk|2001|p=117}}</ref><br />
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==Unit history==<br />
In August 1914 (at the start of World War I) a small force, under the orders of the [[2nd Quetta Brigade]], was maintained in [[Western Balochistan]] to suppress arms traffic. In July 1915 this force was expanded and became the East Persia Cordon to prevent enemy infiltration from [[Iran|Persia]] into Afghanistan. A similar [[Russian Cordon]] was established to prevent infiltration into north-west Afghanistan. From March 1916 the force became the Seistan Force under the commander-in-chief in [[British India|India]]. Following the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Revolution in Russia]], the [[Malleson mission]] was sent to [[Trans-Caspia]] and the Seistan Force became the Lines of Communication for the Mission from September 1918 under the orders of the [[4th (Quetta) Division]]. With the withdrawal of the force from Trans-Caspia, the troops in Persia were withdrawn and the last elements left in November 1920.<br />
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===Despatches===<br />
The following is part of the text of a despatch by General Sir [[Charles Carmichael Monro|Charles Monro]], Commander-in-Chief, India, on military operations in the Indian Empire from March 1916 to March 1917, published in the ''[[London Gazette]]'' on 31 October 1917:<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30360|supp=y|page=11270|date=30 October 1917}}</ref><br />
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{{quote|In conjunction with the Russians a small force was maintained in East of Persia to ensure the tranquillity of this region and frustrate the activity of German agents. Raids on the lines of communication of the force were made by certain tribes of Persian [[Balochistan (Iran)|Baluchistan]], notably the [[Damani (tribe)|Damani]]s of [[Sarhad District|Sarhad]]. In order to prevent these, and to control the Damanis, Brig.-Gen. [[Reginald Dyer|R. E. Dyer]], Commanding in East of Persia, moved a part of his force to [[Khwash]] in May, 1916.<br />
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In July the hostile attitude of the Damanis necessitated punitive measures. The Damanis are divided into two main sections, the [[Yarmahomedzai]]s and the [[Gamshadzai]]s. Brig.-Gen. Dyer determined to move to [[Gusht]] in order to intervene between these two sections, and to deal with each in detail. Operations in the vicinity of Gusht from 12th July to 29th July resulted in the capture of the bulk of the Yarmahomedzai flocks and herds, the infliction of considerable loss, and the separation of the two Damani sections. During this period several small actions were fought under trying conditions of climate and terrain, the chief engagement being one at [[Kalag]], near Gusht, on 21st July.<br />
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During August General Dyer traversed without opposition a large part of the Gamshadzai country, returning to Khwash on 24th August.<br />
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On the 5th October 1916, Brig.-Gen. Dyer returned to India on account of ill-health, and was succeeded in command of the Sistan force by Brig.-Gen. [[C. O. O. Tanner]].<br />
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As a result of the above operations agreements were arrived at with the chiefs of the Damanis, by which they promised to pay certain fines and to refrain from future hostility. The fines imposed have now been paid in full, and the settlement has allowed of a portion of the Sistan force being withdrawn to [[Quetta]]. The troops maintaining a cordon in [[Seistan|Sistan]] were engaged with hostile bodies on three occasions.<br />
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At [[Lirudik]] on 13th April, 1916, a force of 70 men of the [[Punjabis]] with a party of levies, under Capt. [[A. D. Bennett]], Punjabis, inflicted considerable loss on a lashkar estimated at 700 men.<br />
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At [[Action at Kalmas|Kalmas]], on 26th September, a party of 23 men of the Light Cavalry and 36 levies, under the command of 2nd Lt. [[B. W. Wahl|Wahl]], attached Light Cavalry, defeated a party of gunrunners, capturing a large number of rifles, ammunition, and [[camel]]s. 2nd Lt. Wahl was killed on this occasion.<br />
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Near [[Chorab]], on the 24th March, 1917, a party consisting of 16 men of the Light Cavalry and one British officer and 25 men of the Punjabis, the whole under the command of Captain [[J. A. C. Kreyer]], Cavalry, attacked a gunrunner's caravan. The whole of the transport of 20 camels, as well as 447 rifles and some 23,600 rounds of ammunition were captured.}}<br />
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==Commanding officers==<br />
* Lt Colonel [[J. M. Wikely]], August 1915<br />
* Brig-General [[Reginald Dyer]], March 1916<br />
* Brig-General [[C. O. O. Tanner]], October 1916<br />
* Lt Colonel (later Brig-General) [[G. A. Dale]], May 1917<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Dunsterforce]]<br />
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==Footnotes==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
| surname1 = Collett<br />
| given1 = N.<br />
| year = 2006<br />
| title = The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer<br />
| publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group<br />
| isbn = 1-85285-575-4<br />
}}<br />
* {{Cite book<br />
| surname1 = Hopkirk<br />
| given1 = Peter<br />
| authorlink = Peter Hopkirk<br />
| year = 2001<br />
| title = On Secret Service East of Constantinople<br />
| publisher = Oxford Paperbacks<br />
|location=London<br />
| isbn = 0-19-280230-5<br />
}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
* {{Cite journal<br />
| surname1 = Hughes<br />
| given1 = Thomas L.<br />
| title = The German Mission to Afghanistan, 1915–1916<br />
|journal=German Studies Review<br />
|volume=25<br />
|number=3<br />
|date=October 2002<br />
|pages=447–476<br />
| publisher = German Studies Association<br />
| doi = 10.2307/1432596<br />
| jstor = 1432596<br />
| issn=0149-7952<br />
}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}}<br />
{{World War I}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]<br />
[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom during World War I]]<br />
[[Category:Campaigns and theatres of World War I]]</div>->Colonies Chris