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{{short description|Institution and/or building where secondary education is provided}}
{{Redirect|High school}}

[[File:1st High school of Argos, Greece.jpg|thumb|right|The first high school of Argos, located in the city of Argos in Greece.]]

A '''secondary school''' or a '''high school''' describes an institution that provides [[secondary education]] and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both ''[[secondary education|lower secondary education]]'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., both levels 2 and 3 of the [[International Standard Classification of Education|ISCED]] scale, but these can also be provided in separate schools.

In the [[United States|US]], most local secondary education systems have separate [[Middle school#United States|middle schools]] and [[High school in the United States|high schools]]. In the [[United Kingdom|UK]], most [[state school]]s and [[Independent school|privately funded school]]s accommodate pupils between the ages of 11–16 or 11–18; some UK [[Independent school|private schools]], i.e. [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public school]]s, admit pupils between the ages of 13 and 18.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hmc.org.uk/about-hmc/projects/the-british-education-system/ |title=The British Education System |author= |website=The Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference |access-date=January 28, 2022 |quote=Most pupils begin their secondary education at the age of 11 (Year 7), but in some HMC schools pupils join the school at 13+ (Year 9). |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425135440/https://www.hmc.org.uk/about-hmc/projects/the-british-education-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etoncollege.com/admissions/entry-to-eton/ |title=Entry to Eton |author= |website=Eton College |access-date=January 28, 2022 |quote=... Eton College, a boarding school for boys aged between 13 and 18. |archive-date=December 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214064023/https://www.etoncollege.com/admissions/entry-to-eton/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.harrowschool.org.uk/admissions/admissions-home |title=Admissions |author= |website=Harrow School |access-date=January 28, 2022 |quote=Each year, the School admits about 160 boys into Year 9, in the September following their 13th birthday... |archive-date=January 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128071731/https://www.harrowschool.org.uk/admissions/admissions-home |url-status=live }}</ref>

Secondary schools follow on from [[primary school|primary schools]] and prepare for [[vocational education|vocational]] or [[tertiary education]]. Attendance is usually [[compulsory education|compulsory]] for students until age 16. The organisations, buildings, and terminology are more or less unique in each country.<ref name=ISCED>{{cite web|title=International Standard Classification of EducationI S C E D 1997|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm|website=www.unesco.org|date=11 April 2013|access-date=2017-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319192113/http://www.unesco.org/education/information/nfsunesco/doc/isced_1997.htm|archive-date=2017-03-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Iwamoto|first1=Wataru|date=2005|title=Towards a Convergence of Knowledge Acquisition and Skills Development|url=http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525154803/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf|archive-date=2017-05-25|access-date=11 March 2017|website=uis.unesco.org|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>

==Levels of education==
In the [[International Standard Classification of Education|ISCED]] 2011 education scale<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2012|title=International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011|url=http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126015009/http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf|archive-date=November 26, 2020|access-date=November 30, 2020|website=UNESCO UIS|publisher=[[UNESCO]] Institute for Statistics|page=38}}</ref> levels 2 and 3 correspond to secondary education which are as follows:

; Lower secondary education: First stage of secondary education building on primary education, typically with a more subject-oriented curriculum. Students are generally around 11–16 years old.<ref name=":0" />
; Upper secondary education: Second stage of secondary education and final stage of formal education for students typically aged 16–18, preparing for tertiary/adult education or providing skills relevant to employment, usually with an increased range of subject options and streams.<ref name=":0" />

==Terminology: descriptions of cohorts==
Within the English-speaking world, there are three widely used systems to describe the age of the child. The first is the 'equivalent ages'; then countries that base their education systems on the 'English model' use one of two methods to identify the year group, while countries that base their systems on the 'American [[K–12]] model' refer to their year groups as 'grades'. The Irish model is structured similarly to the English model, but differs significantly in terms of labels. This terminology extends into the research literature. Below is a comparison of some countries:<ref name="ward">{{cite web|last1=Ward|first1=Ken|title=British and American Systems (Grades)|url=https://trans4mind.com/personal_development/writing/Readability_software/briishAmericanComparison.htm|url-status=live|access-date=30 March 2017|website=trans4mind.com|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331205354/https://trans4mind.com/personal_development/writing/Readability_software/briishAmericanComparison.htm}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+Secondary cohorts
|-
! colspan="2" |Equivalent age|| 11–12 || 12–13 || 13–14 || 14–15 || 15–16 || 16–17 || 17–18
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Australia]]
|Year
|{{Efn|Year 6/Primary 6 is not a part of secondary school|name=p6}}
|7
|8
|9
|10
|11
|12
|-
|Grouping
|
| colspan="3" |Junior high school
| colspan="3" |Senior high school
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Hong Kong]]
|Secondary/form
|{{Efn|name=p6}}
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|6
|-
|Grouping
|
| colspan="3" |Junior secondary
| colspan="3" |Senior secondary
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Indonesia]]
| Grade ||6||7||8 ||9||10 ||11||12
|-
| Nickname || SD Kelas 6 || SMP Kelas 7 || SMP Kelas 8 || SMP Kelas 9 || SMA Kelas 10 || SMA Kelas 11 || SMA Kelas 12
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|Other name
|
|Junior Cycle
|Junior Cycle
|Junior Cycle
|Transition Year
|Senior Cycle
|Senior Cycle
|-
|Class & year
|6th Class
|1st Year
|2nd Year
|3rd Year
|4th Year
|5th Year
|6th Year
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Jamaica]]
|Form
|First
|Second
|Third
|Fourth
|Fifth
|Lower Sixth (6B)
|Upper Sixth (6A)
|-
|Year
|7
|8
|9
|10
|11
|12
|13
|-
|Grouping
| colspan="3" |Lower School
| colspan="2" |Upper School
| colspan="2" |Sixth Form Programme
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[United Kingdom]]
| [[England]]/[[Wales]]: Form ||First ||Second ||Third ||Fourth||Fifth ||Lower Sixth||Upper Sixth
|-
| England/Wales: Year ||7||8||9||10||11||12||13
|-
|[[Scotland]]
|
|S1
|S2
|S3
|S4
|S5
|S6
|-
|[[Northern Ireland]]: Year
|8
|9
|10
|11
|12
|13
|14
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[United States]]
| Grade ||6||7||8 ||9||10 ||11||12
|-
| Nickname || || || ||[[Freshman]]||[[Sophomore]]||[[Junior (education year)|Junior]]||[[Senior (education)|Senior]]
|-
| Grouping
| colspan="3" |Middle School
| colspan="4" |High School
|-
| colspan="2" |ISCED level||2 ||2 ||2 ||3||3 ||3 ||3 <ref name="ward" />
|}

==Legal framework==
[[File:School life in Greece.jpg|thumb|Students of a high school in Greece.]]
Schools exist within a strict [[legal framework]], where they may be answerable to the church, the state through local authorities and their stakeholders. In England (but necessarily in other parts of the United Kingdom) there are six general types of state funded schools running in parallel to the private sector. The state takes an interest in safeguarding issues in all schools. All state-funded schools in England are legally required to have a website where they must publish details of their governance, finance, curriculum intent and staff and pupil protection policies to comply with ' ''The School Information (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012 and 2016'' '. [[Ofsted]] monitors these.<ref>{{cite web |title=What academies, free schools and colleges should publish online |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/what-academies-free-schools-and-colleges-should-publish-online |website=GOV.UK |access-date=6 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133143/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/what-academies-free-schools-and-colleges-should-publish-online |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What maintained schools must publish online |url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/what-maintained-schools-must-publish-online |website=GOV.UK |access-date=6 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009133143/https://www.gov.uk/guidance/what-maintained-schools-must-publish-online |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Theoretical framework==
[[File:Gymnázium Grösslingová.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|right|High school in [[Bratislava]], [[Slovakia]] ([[Gamča]])]]
School building design does not happen in isolation. The building (or school campus) needs to accommodate:
* Curriculum content
* Teaching methods
* Costs
* Education within the political framework
* Use of school building (also in the community setting)
* Constraints imposed by the site
* Design philosophy

Each country will have a different education system and priorities.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Liew Kok-Pun|first1=Michael|date=1981|title=Design of secondary schools:Singapore a case study|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000443/044397EB.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404132431/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0004/000443/044397EB.pdf|archive-date=2017-04-04|access-date=3 April 2017|website=Educational Building reports|publisher=UNESCO|series=Voume 17|page=37}}</ref> Schools need to accommodate students, staff, storage, mechanical and electrical systems, support staff, ancillary staff and administration. The number of rooms required can be determined from the predicted roll of the school and the area needed.

According to standards used in the United Kingdom, a general classroom for 30 students needs to be 55 m2, or more generously 62 m2. A general art room for 30 students needs to be 83 m2, but 104 m2 for 3D textile work. A drama studio or a specialist science laboratory for 30 needs to be 90 m2. Examples are given on how this can be configured for a 1,200 place secondary (practical specialism).<ref>{{cite web|title=Baseline designs: 1,200 place secondary (practical specialism) - GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-designs-1120-place-secondary-practical-specialism|url-status=live|access-date=4 April 2017|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=GOV.UK|language=en|archive-date=5 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170058/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-designs-1120-place-secondary-practical-specialism}}</ref> and 1,850 place secondary school.<ref>{{cite web|title=Baseline design: 1,850 place secondary school - GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-design-1850-place-secondary-school|url-status=live|access-date=4 April 2017|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=gov.uk|language=en|archive-date=5 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405165852/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-design-1850-place-secondary-school}}</ref>

==Building design specifications ==
[[File:First school.jpg|thumb|The first taxpayer-funded public school in the United States was in [[Dedham, Massachusetts]].]]
[[File:Kallaveden lukio.jpg|thumb|The red-brick building of the Kallavesi High School in [[Kuopio]], [[Finland]]]]
The building providing the education has to fulfill the needs of: The students, the teachers, the non-teaching support staff, the administrators and the community. It has to meet general government building guidelines, health requirements, minimal functional requirements for classrooms, toilets and showers, electricity and services, preparation and storage of textbooks and basic teaching aids.<ref name="za">{{cite web|date=2012|title=Guidelines relating to planning for public school infrastructure|url=http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=cWhHzzzCo1w%3D&tabid=93&mid=2598|url-status=live|access-date=3 April 2017|publisher=Department of Basic Education, Republic of South Africa|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907024942/http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=cWhHzzzCo1w%3d&tabid=93&mid=2598}}</ref> An optimum secondary school will meet the minimum conditions and will have:

* adequately sized classrooms;
* specialized teaching spaces;
* a staff preparation room;
* an administration block;
* multipurpose classrooms;
* a general purpose school hall;
* laboratories for science, technology, mathematics and life sciences, as may be required;
* adequate equipment;
* a [[library]] or library stocks that are regularly renewed; and
* computer rooms or media centres.<ref name=za/>

Also, a secondary school may have a canteen, serving a set of foods to students, and a storage where the equipment of a school is stored.

Government accountants having read the advice then publish minimum guidelines on schools. These enable environmental modelling and establishing building costs. Future design plans are audited to ensure that these standards are met but not exceeded. Government ministries continue to press for the 'minimum' space and cost standards to be reduced.

The UK government published this downwardly revised space formula in 2014. It said the floor area should be 1050 m2 (+ 350 m2 if there is a sixth form) + 6.3 m2/pupil place for 11- to 16-year-old's + 7 m2/pupil place for post-16s. The external finishes were to be downgraded to meet a build cost of £1113/m2.<ref>{{cite web|date=11 March 2014|title=Baseline designs for schools: guidance - GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-designs-for-schools-guidance/baseline-designs-for-schools-guidance|url-status=live|access-date=3 April 2017|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Education Funding Agency|language=en|archive-date=4 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404134821/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/baseline-designs-for-schools-guidance/baseline-designs-for-schools-guidance}}</ref>

== By country ==
{{Main list|List of secondary education systems by country}}
[[File:Pankow Goerschstr Gymnasium.jpg|thumb|Carl-von-Ossietzky-Gymnasium, located in Görschstraße, [[Pankow (locality)|Berlin-Pankow]]]]
[[File:TrefnGymn-2012-06.png|thumb|[[Hugo Treffner Gymnasium]] in [[Tartu]], [[Estonia]]]]
[[File:APC-4.jpg|thumb|[[Rangpur Cadet College]] is one of the [[Cadet colleges in Bangladesh]], which is quite well known for its quality [[Secondary education|Secondary]] and [[Intermediate college|Intermediate]] education, along with a well-disciplined boarding system.]]
[[File:Melk - Stift (0).JPG|thumb|[[Stiftsgymnasium Melk]] is a Roman Catholic Benedictine-run gymnasium located in Melk, Austria. The gymnasium is located within and run by the well-known monastery [[Melk Abbey]]. It was built around the 12th century and has been a public high school in its present-day format since 1707.]]
[[File:Staples High School, Westport, CT.jpg|thumb|[[Staples High School]] in [[Westport, CT]]]]
[[File:1950s extension at the former Chorlton Park Secondary School - geograph.org.uk - 2850294.jpg|thumb|Chorlton Park Secondary School in [[Manchester, England]]]]

A '''secondary school''' locally may be called a '''high school''' (abbreviated as '''HS''' or '''H.S.'''), can also be called '''senior high school'''. In some countries there are two phases to secondary education (ISCED 2) and (ISCED 3), here the '''junior high school''', intermediate school, lower secondary school, or middle school occurs between the [[primary school]] (ISCED 1) and high school.

{{List of names for secondary schools by country}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[Kindergarten]]
* [[List of schools by country]]
* [[Secondary education]]
* [[Tertiary education]]

{{portalbar|Education|Schools}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|High schools and secondary schools}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070703005059/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/cashome.nsf/Home/Entry%20Page.es Australian CensusAtSchool (Australia)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305081228/http://www.cesc-csce.ca/ Canadian Education Statistics Council (CESC) (United States)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030609183134/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nscl.asp?ID=6085 Office for National Statistics (ONS) (United Kingdom)]
* [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324056/BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools_CORRECTED_25_06_14.pdf BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools (2014) UK] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525160101/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/324056/BB103_Area_Guidelines_for_Mainstream_Schools_CORRECTED_25_06_14.pdf |date=2017-05-25 }}
* [http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/ National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (United States)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160221144243/http://www.oecd.org/education/innovation-education/centreforeffectivelearningenvironmentscele/48224041.pdf OECD Standardised designs (2011)]

{{Secondary education by country}}
{{Schools}}
{{Education stages}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Secondary school}}
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools]]
[[Category:School terminology]]
[[Category:School types]]
[[Category:Educational stages]]

Secondary school - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article