Satyaprakash - Revision history

LesleyMoorman3: improve formatting based on references

2025-05-05T04:58:27Z

improve formatting based on references

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:28, 5 May 2025
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	{{~~italics~~ title}}		{{Short description\|Weekly publication (1855–1861)}}
			{{italic title}}
	{{Infobox magazine		{{Infobox magazine
	\| title = Satyaprakash		\| title = Satyaprakash
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	\| country = [[British Raj\|British India]]		\| country = [[British Raj\|British India]]
	\| language = [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]		\| language = [[Gujarati language\|Gujarati]]
			\| category =
	\| frequency = Weekly		\| frequency = Weekly
	\| founder = Karsandas Mulji		\| founder = Karsandas Mulji
	\| firstdate = {{Start date\|~~1852~~}}		\| firstdate = {{Start date\|1855}}
	\| finaldate = {{end date\|1861}}		\| finaldate = {{end date\|1861}}
	}}		}}

	'''''Satyaprakash''''' ({{~~trans~~\|''The Light of Truth''}}) was a [[Gujarati language]] weekly founded by social reformer and journalist [[Karsandas Mulji]] with an intention of social reform. Launched in 1855, it ran until 1861 and later was merged with ''[[Rast Goftar]]'', another newspaper published in [[Mumbai\|Bombay]].		'''''Satyaprakash''''' ({{Translation\|''The Light of Truth''}}) was a [[Gujarati language]] weekly founded by social reformer and journalist [[Karsandas Mulji]] with an intention of social reform. Launched in 1855, it ran until 1861 and later was merged with ''[[Rast Goftar]]'', another newspaper published in [[Mumbai\|Bombay]].

	==History==		==History==
	Karsandas Mulji, a social reformer and journalist, previously wrote for the ''Rast Goftar'' and ''[[Stribodh]]'' magazines, but readership of these magazines were mostly limited to [[Parsis]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|title=Sahityik Samyiko\|last=Mehta\|first=Hasit\|publisher=Rannade Prakashan\|year=2012\|location=[[Ahmedabad]]\|pages=50}}</ref> He therefore established ''Satyaprakash'' in 1855 with the help of Mangalbhai Naththubhai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA77\|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat : Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond\|last1=Yagnik\|first1=Achyut\|last2=Sheth\|first2=Suchitra\|date=2005\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8\|location=New Delhi\|pages=77–79}}</ref> He edited it while Rustomji Ranina was the publisher.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkoYAAAAMAAJ\|title=Karsondas Mulji: A Biographical Study\|last=Motivala\|first=Bhavanidas Narandas\|date=1935\|publisher=Karsondas Mulji Centenary Celebration Committee\|pages=111\|oclc=473907}}</ref> His articles addressed [[Forward caste\|forward Hindu caste]] leaders and attacked social and religious ~~customs and~~ practises. Mulji addressed various social issues such as [[female education]], excessive spending in pompous marriages, indecent songs sung during marriages, and the funeral ritual of chest beating. The caste leaders were unhappy about these articles and tried to excommunicate Mulji from his Kapol Vaniya caste, but could not garner support within the community.<ref name=":0" /> ''Satyaprakash'' merged with the ''Rast Goftar'' in 1861,<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/58604/6/06_chapter%203.pdf \|p=78 \|title=Press and society a sociological study with special reference to the nature and growth of the gujarati press \|last=Parikh \|first=R.D. \|year=1962}}</ref> and the merged continued publishing under the latter name until 1921.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata \|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata/page/107 107] \|title=History of Indian Journalism \|author=J. NATARAJAN \|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting \|year=1955}}</ref>		Karsandas Mulji, a social reformer and journalist, previously wrote for the ''Rast Goftar'' and ''[[Stribodh]]'' magazines, but readership of these magazines were mostly limited to [[Parsis]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book\|title=Sahityik Samyiko\|last=Mehta\|first=Hasit\|publisher=Rannade Prakashan\|year=2012\|location=[[Ahmedabad]]\|pages=50}}</ref> He therefore established ''Satyaprakash'' in 1855 with the help of Mangalbhai Naththubhai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA77\|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat : Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond\|last1=Yagnik\|first1=Achyut\|last2=Sheth\|first2=Suchitra\|date=2005\|publisher=Penguin Books India\|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8\|location=New Delhi\|pages=77–79}}</ref> He edited it while Rustomji Ranina was the publisher.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkoYAAAAMAAJ\|title=Karsondas Mulji: A Biographical Study\|last=Motivala\|first=Bhavanidas Narandas\|date=1935\|publisher=Karsondas Mulji Centenary Celebration Committee\|pages=111\|oclc=473907}}</ref> His articles addressed [[Forward caste\|forward Hindu caste]] leaders and attacked social customs and religious practises.<ref>{{Cite web \|last=Kothari \|first=Urvish \|date=2024-06-30 \|title=Karsandas Mulji was a leader among reformists. 'Maharaj' made him a revenge-driven hero \|url=https://theprint.in/opinion/karsandas-mulji-was-a-leader-among-reformists-maharaj-made-him-a-revenge-driven-hero/2153736/ \|access-date=2024-07-07 \|website=ThePrint \|language=en-US}}</ref> Mulji addressed various social issues such as [[female education]], excessive spending in pompous marriages, indecent songs sung during marriages, and the funeral ritual of chest beating. The caste leaders were unhappy about these articles and tried to excommunicate Mulji from his Kapol Vaniya caste, but could not garner support from within the community.<ref name=":0" /> ''Satyaprakash'' merged with the ''Rast Goftar'' in 1861,<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/58604/6/06_chapter%203.pdf \|page=78 \|title=Press and society a sociological study with special reference to the nature and growth of the gujarati press \|last=Parikh \|first=R.D. \|year=1962}}</ref> and the merged entity continued publishing under the latter name until 1921.<ref>{{cite book \|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata \|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata/page/107 107] \|title=History of Indian Journalism \|author=J. NATARAJAN \|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting \|year=1955\|isbn=9788123024271 }}</ref>

	== Notable articles ==		== Notable articles ==
	Among the notable articles which Mulji wrote for the weekly was one titled ''Gulamikhat'' ({{Translation\|''Letter of slavery''}}), in which he criticised the sign campaign and the process of law-making by Vaishnavas so that Maharaj (religious heads) should not have to visit the court due to religious status.<ref name=":1" /> After publication of the article, there were some attempts to appease Mulji with large amounts of money, but these failed.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia\|last=Shukla\|first=Jaykumar R.\|title=કરસનદાસ મૂળજી\|script-title=gu:Karsandas Mulji\|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]\|editor-last=Thaker\|editor-first=Dhirubhai\|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker\|publisher=Gujarat Viswakosh Trust\|~~year~~=October 2018\|edition=Reprint of 2nd\|orig-year=1992\|isbn=978-93-83975-34-1\|volume=IV\|location=Ahmedabad\|page=266\|language=gu}}</ref> Following this incident, Mulji wrote a few articles—namely ''Maharajo ne vinanti'' ({{Translation\|''Request to Maharaj''}}) and ''Dharmguruo ni satta'' ({{Translation\|''Power of religious leaders''}})—in which he openly expressed his anger.<ref name=":2" /> An article by Mulji published on 21 September ~~1890~~, titled {{~~transl~~\|gu\|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}} ({{literal translation\|The Primitive Religion of the Hindus and the Present Heterodox Opinions}}), criticised [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnava]] Archaryas (Hindu religious leaders) for their behaviour, which resulted in the [[Maharaj Libel Case]] in 1862.<ref name=":2" />		Among the notable articles which Mulji wrote for the weekly was one titled ''Gulamikhat'' ({{Translation\|''Letter of slavery''}}), in which he criticised the sign campaign and the process of law-making by Vaishnavas so that Maharaj (religious heads) should not have to visit the court due to religious status.<ref name=":1" /> After publication of the article, there were some attempts to appease Mulji with large amounts of money, but these failed.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia\|last=Shukla\|first=Jaykumar R.\|title=કરસનદાસ મૂળજી\|script-title=gu:Karsandas Mulji\|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]\|editor-last=Thaker\|editor-first=Dhirubhai\|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker\|publisher=Gujarat Viswakosh Trust\|date=October 2018\|edition=Reprint of 2nd\|orig-year=1992\|isbn=978-93-83975-34-1\|volume=IV\|location=Ahmedabad\|page=266\|language=gu}}</ref> Following this incident, Mulji wrote a few articles—namely ''Maharajo ne vinanti'' ({{Translation\|''Request to Maharaj''}}) and ''Dharmguruo ni satta'' ({{Translation\|''Power of religious leaders''}})—in which he openly expressed his anger.<ref name=":2" /> An article by Mulji published on 21 September 1860, titled {{Transliteration\|gu\|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}} ({{literal translation\|The Primitive Religion of the Hindus and the Present Heterodox Opinions}}), criticised [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnava]] Archaryas (Hindu religious leaders) for their behaviour, which resulted in the [[Maharaj Libel Case]] in 1862.<ref name=":2" />

	==Reception==		==Reception==
	Vaishnava religious heads started publishing a pamphlet called ''Swadharmvardhak ane Sanshaychedak'' ({{Translation\|Increasing one's own faith and countering doubts}}). In the pamphlet, they labelled Mulji and other social reformers greedy, atheists, and idiots. In its response, ''Satyaprakash'' accused religious heads of being frauds and called their religious books poisonous. Jadunath Maharaj, Vaishnava religious head, wrote a fiery article in C''~~habuk~~'' and in the response, Mulji wrote {{~~transl~~\|gu\|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}}.<ref name=":1" /> Mulji's articles led to the Maharaj Libel Case, which Mulji won.<ref name=":3" />		Vaishnava religious heads started publishing a pamphlet called ''Swadharmvardhak ane Sanshaychedak'' ({{Translation\|Increasing one's own faith and countering doubts}}). In the pamphlet, they labelled Mulji and other social reformers greedy, atheists, and idiots. In its response, ''Satyaprakash'' accused religious heads of being frauds and called their religious books poisonous. Jadunath Maharaj, Vaishnava religious head, wrote a fiery article in ''Chabuk'' and in the response, Mulji wrote {{Transliteration\|gu\|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}}.<ref name=":1" /> Mulji's articles led to the Maharaj Libel Case, which Mulji won.<ref name=":3" />

	==See also==		==See also==
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	==References==		==References==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	[[Category:1855 establishments in India]]		[[Category:1855 establishments in India]]

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{{italics title}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Satyaprakash
| editor = [[Karsandas Mulji]]
| country = [[British Raj|British India]]
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| frequency = Weekly
| founder = Karsandas Mulji
| firstdate = {{Start date|1852}}
| finaldate = {{end date|1861}}
}}

'''''Satyaprakash''''' ({{trans|''The Light of Truth''}}) was a [[Gujarati language]] weekly founded by social reformer and journalist [[Karsandas Mulji]] with an intention of social reform. Launched in 1855, it ran until 1861 and later was merged with ''[[Rast Goftar]]'', another newspaper published in [[Mumbai|Bombay]].

==History==
Karsandas Mulji, a social reformer and journalist, previously wrote for the ''Rast Goftar'' and ''[[Stribodh]]'' magazines, but readership of these magazines were mostly limited to [[Parsis]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Sahityik Samyiko|last=Mehta|first=Hasit|publisher=Rannade Prakashan|year=2012|location=[[Ahmedabad]]|pages=50}}</ref> He therefore established ''Satyaprakash'' in 1855 with the help of Mangalbhai Naththubhai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmKIiAPgnF0C&pg=PA77|title=Shaping Of Modern Gujarat : Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond|last1=Yagnik|first1=Achyut|last2=Sheth|first2=Suchitra|date=2005|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-400038-8|location=New Delhi|pages=77–79}}</ref> He edited it while Rustomji Ranina was the publisher.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qkoYAAAAMAAJ|title=Karsondas Mulji: A Biographical Study|last=Motivala|first=Bhavanidas Narandas|date=1935|publisher=Karsondas Mulji Centenary Celebration Committee|pages=111|oclc=473907}}</ref> His articles addressed [[Forward caste|forward Hindu caste]] leaders and attacked social and religious customs and practises. Mulji addressed various social issues such as [[female education]], excessive spending in pompous marriages, indecent songs sung during marriages, and the funeral ritual of chest beating. The caste leaders were unhappy about these articles and tried to excommunicate Mulji from his Kapol Vaniya caste, but could not garner support within the community.<ref name=":0" /> ''Satyaprakash'' merged with the ''Rast Goftar'' in 1861,<ref>{{cite book |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/58604/6/06_chapter%203.pdf |p=78 |title=Press and society a sociological study with special reference to the nature and growth of the gujarati press |last=Parikh |first=R.D. |year=1962}}</ref> and the merged continued publishing under the latter name until 1921.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata |p=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindianj00nata/page/107 107] |title=History of Indian Journalism |author=J. NATARAJAN |publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting |year=1955}}</ref>

== Notable articles ==
Among the notable articles which Mulji wrote for the weekly was one titled ''Gulamikhat'' ({{Translation|''Letter of slavery''}}), in which he criticised the sign campaign and the process of law-making by Vaishnavas so that Maharaj (religious heads) should not have to visit the court due to religious status.<ref name=":1" /> After publication of the article, there were some attempts to appease Mulji with large amounts of money, but these failed.<ref name=":2">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Shukla|first=Jaykumar R.|title=કરસનદાસ મૂળજી|script-title=gu:Karsandas Mulji|encyclopedia=[[Gujarati Vishwakosh]]|editor-last=Thaker|editor-first=Dhirubhai|editor-link=Dhirubhai Thaker|publisher=Gujarat Viswakosh Trust|year=October 2018|edition=Reprint of 2nd|orig-year=1992|isbn=978-93-83975-34-1|volume=IV|location=Ahmedabad|page=266|language=gu}}</ref> Following this incident, Mulji wrote a few articles—namely ''Maharajo ne vinanti'' ({{Translation|''Request to Maharaj''}}) and ''Dharmguruo ni satta'' ({{Translation|''Power of religious leaders''}})—in which he openly expressed his anger.<ref name=":2" /> An article by Mulji published on 21 September 1890, titled {{transl|gu|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}} ({{literal translation|The Primitive Religion of the Hindus and the Present Heterodox Opinions}}), criticised [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] Archaryas (Hindu religious leaders) for their behaviour, which resulted in the [[Maharaj Libel Case]] in 1862.<ref name=":2" />

==Reception==
Vaishnava religious heads started publishing a pamphlet called ''Swadharmvardhak ane Sanshaychedak'' ({{Translation|Increasing one's own faith and countering doubts}}). In the pamphlet, they labelled Mulji and other social reformers greedy, atheists, and idiots. In its response, ''Satyaprakash'' accused religious heads of being frauds and called their religious books poisonous. Jadunath Maharaj, Vaishnava religious head, wrote a fiery article in C''habuk'' and in the response, Mulji wrote {{transl|gu|Hinduo No Asli Dharam Ane Atyar Na Pakhandi Mato}}.<ref name=":1" /> Mulji's articles led to the Maharaj Libel Case, which Mulji won.<ref name=":3" />

==See also==
* [[List of Gujarati-language magazines]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1855 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language magazines]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1855]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1861]]
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in India]]