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			[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
			[[Category:Punjabi people]]
	[[Category:Indian independence activists from Punjab, India]]		[[Category:Indian independence activists from Punjab, India]]
	[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]		[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]

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Reverted edits by 103.235.2.139 (talk): disruptive edits (HG) (3.4.10)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Satyapal
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1885|05|11}}<ref name="Indian_Army_List_43">{{cite book|pages=1332|title=Indian Army List for October 1943 (Part I)|publisher=Government of India Press|year=1943}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Wazirabad]], [[Gujranwala District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]
| death_date = 18 April 1954 (aged 68)
| death_place = [[Shimla]], [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| nationality = Indian
| other_names =
| occupation = [[Physician]]
| spouse = Gian Devi
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| nickname=
| allegiance= {{flag|British India}}
| branch= {{army|British India}}
| serviceyears= 1915–1916<br>1941–1945
| rank=[[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|Captain]]
| unit=
| commands=
| battles=[[First World War]]<br>[[Second World War]]
| awards=
| relations=
| signature = }}
}}

'''Satyapal''' (11 May 1885 — 18 April 1954)<ref name="Indian_Army_List_43"/> was a physician and political leader in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]], who was arrested along with [[Saifuddin Kitchlew]] on 10 April 1919, three days before the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].<ref name="Bismah2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/has-india-forgotten-two-freedom-fighters-whom-1500-people-died-jallianwala-bagh-795846|title=Has India forgotten two freedom fighters for whom 1,500 people died at Jallianwala Bagh?|last=Malik|first=Bismah|date=13 April 2019|website=International Business Times, India Edition|language=en|access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref>

==Early life==
Satyapal was educated at [[Peterhouse, Cambridge]], where he was a friend of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].<ref name=Mount2019>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/v41/n07/ferdinand-mount/they-would-have-laughed|title=They would have laughed|author=[[Ferdinand Mount|Mount, Ferdinand]]|date=4 April 2019|work=London Review of Books|access-date=13 December 2019|pages=9–12|issn=0260-9592}}</ref><ref name=Spectator2019>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/2019/04/bloodbath-at-baisakhi-the-centenary-of-the-amritsar-massacre/|title=Bloodbath at Baisakhi: the centenary of the Amritsar massacre|date=6 April 2019|website=[[The Spectator]]|language=en-US|access-date=2 September 2019}}</ref> On 17 September 1915, during the [[First World War]], he received a temporary [[King's Commissioned Indian Officer|King's Commission]]<ref name=Anand2015>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5SlBAAAQBAJ&q=satypal+dr+1919&pg=PA332|title=Sophia: Princess, Suffragette, Revolutionary|last=Anand|first=Anita|date=2015|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|isbn=9781408835463|pages=331–332|language=en}}</ref> as a lieutenant in the [[Indian Medical Service]], serving with distinction.<ref name=Anand2019pp.72>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AoCaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72&dq=Dr.+Satyapal+cambridge&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi66Ofg67TkAhUZRBUIHUhvC6UQ6AEIVDAH#v=onepage&q=Dr.%20Satyapal%20cambridge&f=false Anand, pp. 72]</ref> For unspecified reasons, he relinquished his commission with effect from 16 September 1916,<ref name="Indian_Army_List_43"/> and upon return to India and following the [[Rowlatt Act]] he became active in the movement of [[Non-cooperation movement|non-cooperation]] and [[Satyagraha|non-violent resistance to British rule]].<ref name=Spectator2019/>

He was married to Gian Devi<ref name="Goyal(2004)p.32">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HCduAAAAMAAJ&dq=Dr.+Satyapal%2C+the+hero+of+freedom+movement+in+the+Punjab&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=married Goyal, p. 32]</ref> and had a successful practice in the old part of the city of Amritsar.<ref name=Anand2019pp.72/>

==Arrest==
On the orders of [[Michael O’Dwyer]] the CID had kept close surveillance on Kitchlew and Satypal from mid-March 1919. Again, following the orders of O'Dwyer, they were summoned to [[Miles Irving]], the Deputy Commissioner's house in the [[Civil Lines]] on 10 April 1919. Satypal recalled "I did not at all attach much importance to the matter and went about my daily rounds as usual", not having thought of it as great importance. They were both already barred from political activities and attended that day with their friends [[Hans Raj (approver)|Hans Raj]] and Jai Ram Singh. Kitchlew arrived shortly before Satypal and after a few minutes of waiting, were called in and given [[Defence of India Act 1915|The Defence of India Orders]] with the request for both to leave [[Amritsar]] immediately. Miles Irving recounted the secret nature of the operation as he "decided that they would be 30 miles on their way to [[Dharamsala]] before any one knew about it".<ref name=Wagnerp.74-76>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bziIDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=satya+pal+1919&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS3Jj3xbHkAhVMSsAKHUBWAGoQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=satyapal&f=false Wagner, Kim. ''Amritsar 1919'' pp. 74-76]</ref> After being given permission to write to their families, Satyapal and Kitchlew were escorted by four soldiers disguised in hunting gear. Hans Raj and Jai Ram Singh were kept waiting on Irving's veranda in case the news of the arrest spread before Kitchlew and Satypal were far away enough. They waited an hour before Irving passed to them the letters to their families. Satypal recounted "there was a military escort with guns in each car" and "the cars were driven at high speed and we did not halt till we got to the Nurpur Dak Bungalow",<ref name=Wagnerp.74-76/> which was 50 miles away from Amritsar. They reached [[Dharamasala]], at the foot of the [[Himalayas]], at 8 pm that evening, and were kept under house arrest.<ref name=Wagnerp.74-76/>

As the news of the arrest spread, supporters began to gather near Irving's home and what initially appeared a peaceful attempt to make enquiries ended up in a violent clash.<ref name=Anand2019pp.81-83>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AoCaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81&dq=trial+satyapal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjapbrDq7TkAhUoRBUIHTVWBEcQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=satyapal&f=false Anand, pp. 81-83]</ref> On 13 April 1919, protesting over the arrest, a meeting was called to take place at Jallianwala Bagh.<ref name=Anand2015/>

In June 1919 at the trial of the 'Amritsar conspiracy case at Lahore', Satyapal was convicted with 14 others and sentenced to two years imprisonment, following the statement of Hans Raj, who attended the trial as an [[approver]].<ref name=Wagnerp201-203>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bziIDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=satya+pal+1919&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS3Jj3xbHkAhVMSsAKHUBWAGoQ6AEIKDAA#v=snippet&q=satyapal&f=false Wagner, pp. 201-203]</ref>

==Later life==
Following the outbreak of the [[Second World War]], Satyapal rejoined the Indian Medical Service, receiving an emergency commission as a captain on 8 December 1941 (with ante-date seniority from 8 December 1936).<ref name="Indian_Army_List_43"/> After [[Independence Day (India)|Indian independence]], he remained active in politics and in 1952 was successful in contesting the elections to the [[Punjab Vidhan Sabha]].<ref name="Goyal(2004)p.203">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HCduAAAAMAAJ&dq=Dr.+Satyapal%2C+the+hero+of+freedom+movement+in+the+Punjab&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Satyapal Goyal, p. 203]</ref> He died at [[Shimla]] in [[Himachal Pradesh]] on 18 April 1954.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Citations==
*Goyal, Shailja, ''Dr. Satyapal, the hero of freedom movement in the Punjab''. PBG Publications (2004)
*[[Anita Anand|Anand, Anita]]. (2019) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=Mk7ptwEACAAJ&q=satypal#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Patient Assassin: A true tale of massacre, revenge, and India's quest for independence'']. New York: Scribner. {{ISBN|978-1-5011-9570-9}}
*[[Kim A. Wagner|Wagner, Kim A.]] (2019) [https://www.worldcat.org/title/amritsar-1919-an-empire-of-fear-the-making-of-a-massacre/oclc/1046462732&referer=brief_results ''Amritsar 1919: An Empire of Fear and the Making of a Massacre'']. New Haven: [[Yale University Press]]. {{ISBN|9780300200355}}

== Further reading ==

* [https://archive.org/details/openrebellioninp00malauoft  Open Rebellion in the Punjab: (with Special Reference to Amritsar)]. Kapil Deva Malaviya. Abhudaya Press, 1919
*M. K. Gandhi, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CfPBAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Non-Violent+Resistance+By+M.+K.+Gandhi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwik7vKo5rTkAhVEiVwKHfBhA-AQ6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Non-Violent%20Resistance%20By%20M.%20K.%20Gandhi&f=false Non-Violent Resistance] Dover Publications (2001) {{ISBN|0486416062}}
* M. K. Gandhi [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=biTDAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT490&dq=Dr.+Satyapal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio4Nbg6bTkAhU3QxUIHak3A-A4ChDoAQhIMAQ#v=onepage&q=Dr.%20Satyapal&f=false Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth]. Dover Publications (1985). {{ISBN|9780486117515}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Indian independence activists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Politicians from Amritsar]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]

Satyapal - Revision history

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

->Serols: Reverted edits by 103.235.2.139 (talk): disruptive edits (HG) (3.4.10)