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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|Communism\|India}}~~
	*[[Jagdish Mahto]]		*[[Jagdish Mahto]]

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{{distinguish|Satyanarayan Singh (U.P. politician)}}
'''Satyanarayan Singh''' ({{lang-hi|सत्यनारायण सिंह}}, commonly known as SNS<ref name="l">Lahiri, Asisha. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vRiOAAAAMAAJ Naxalbari and after: a Frontier anthology, Vol. 2]''. Kathashilpa, 1978.</ref>) was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]], being its secretary in [[Bihar]].<ref>Roy, Asish Kumar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3UFAQAAIAAJ& The Spring Thunder and After: A Survey of the Maoist and Ultra-Leftist Movements in India, 1962-75]''. Calcutta: Minerva, 1975.</ref>

Satyanarayan Singh hailed from [[Bhojpur district, India|Bhojpur]], [[Bihar]]. As of 1948 Singh was an underground cadre of the [[Communist Party of India]].<ref>''Liberation''. ''[http://www.cpiml.org/liberation/year_2010/dec_10/special.html Comrade Ram Naresh Ram Will Always Remain Alive in Ours Hearts]''</ref>

==Political life==
Singh supported the line of annihilations of class enemies of [[Charu Majumdar]], and implemented it to a certain degree in Musahari and other areas in Bihar.<ref name="d"/> However he disagreed with Majumdar on the issue of killing rich peasants.<ref name="d">Dasgupta, Biplab. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QjgKAQAAIAAJ The Naxalite Movement]''. Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1974. p. 153</ref> In 1968-1969 the Musahari [[Naxalite]] movement grew from seizures of food crops to guerrilla struggle and killings of landlords. By May 1969 the movement encompassed 50,000 people.<ref name="bi">Dasgupta, Biplab. ''[http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/audience.nsf/b1bc9409c64d85a06525698d0025dc3c/5813146ae3eeee2e652572870041e297/$FILE/A0260027.pdf Naxalite Armed Struggles and the Annihilation Campaign in Rural Areas] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127164644/http://www.cscsarchive.org:8081/MediaArchive/audience.nsf/b1bc9409c64d85a06525698d0025dc3c/5813146ae3eeee2e652572870041e297/$FILE/A0260027.pdf |date=2011-11-27 }}''</ref> As of 1969 Singh argued that rejection of the annihilation line meant advocating co-existence between landlords and the village peasantry.<ref name="bi"/> Singh recorded his analysis of this phase of struggle in the document ''Musahari and its lessons''.<ref>Ashwani Kumar. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7CyND7ebqUAC&pg=PA199 Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar]''. London: Anthem Press, 2008. p. 199</ref>

Singh emerged as the leader of dissent inside the party against the party general secretary Majumdar. By July 1970 he had rejected Majumdar's policy on annihilation as '[[individual terror]]ism'.<ref>''International Socialism''. ''[http://www.isj.org.uk/?id=684#128banaji_12 The ironies of Indian Maoism]''</ref> In September 1970 Singh charged the CPI(ML) [[Central Committee]] with following a left sectarian line.<ref name="l"/> Singh led the revolt against Majumdar inside the CPI(ML), setting up a parallel Central Committee.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EBMoAAAAMAAJ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 8]''. Sameeksha Trust, 1973. p. 1954</ref> In November 1971 the new Central Committee officially declared Majumdar expelled from the party for having adopted a 'Trotskyist adventurist line' and elected Singh as the new general secretary.<ref>Banerjee, Utpal K. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9f2Qil_GZzsC&pg=PA66 Operational Analysis and Indian Defence]''. New Delhi: Concept, 1980. p. 66</ref><ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pKsKAAAAIAAJ The Marxist Review, Vol. 8]''. Ajit Roy, 1974. p. 330</ref> His party would be known as the [[Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]], and would reject Majumdar's annihilation line.<ref name="l"/><ref>Karat, Prakash. ''[http://www.cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm Naxalism today]''</ref>

Singh's CPI(ML) supported the anti-Emergency struggle launched by [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] in 1974.<ref>Judge, Paramjit S. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HvYpVtBXw5kC&pg=PA142 Insurrection to Agitation: The Naxalite Movement in Punjab]''. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1992. p. 142</ref> Singh's CPI(ML) opposed the [[Gang of Four]] and gave support to [[Hua Guofeng]]'s leadership in the [[Communist Party of China]].<ref name="l"/>

With the lifting of the [[Emergency (India)|Emergency]] in 1977 Singh began to favour a more conciliatory approach to the state, for example negotiating for the release of prisoners.<ref>Basu, I.. ''[http://www.bath.ac.uk/cds/events/sym-papers/Basu2.pdf Security and Development - are they two sides of the same coin?]''</ref> In the same year Singh's CPI(ML) decided to participate in elections for the first time.<ref name="r"/> Singh's CPI(ML) presented three candidates in [[West Bengal]], one in Bihar and one in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].<ref>Jaffrelot, Christophe. ''[http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/etude175.pdf L’Etat face au défi maoïste en Inde]''</ref> For the Andhra Pradesh legislative assembly election, Singh toured ten constituencies during the electoral campaign.<ref name="r">Krishna Rao, V. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WjnlAAAAMAAJ Communism in Andhra Pradesh: Rise & Decline]''. Hyderabad: Cauvery Publications, 1989. p. 107</ref>

Satyanarayan Singh died in a cardiac attack in 1984.<ref>Myrdal, Jan, and Bjørn Bergstrøm. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pgu2AAAAIAAJ Indien väntar]''. Stockholm: [Norstedt], 1985. p. 414</ref> A few months before his death, his party had split with most of the Provisional Central Committee members siding with Vaskar Nandy.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fKosAAAAIAAJ The Marxist, Vol. 3]''. Communist Part of India (Marxist). p. 62</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Communism|India}}
*[[Jagdish Mahto]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Satyanarayan}}
[[Category:1984 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation politicians]]

Satyanarayan Singh (Bihar politician, died 1984) - Revision history

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