https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Satyak%C4%81ma_J%C4%81b%C4%81laSatyakāma Jābāla - Revision history2026-08-19T10:15:59ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satyak%C4%81ma_J%C4%81b%C4%81la&diff=426204&oldid=prevAjay Kumar: Created a new article2023-09-07T15:20:58Z<p>Created a new article</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Vedic sage born to an unwed mother}}<br />
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{{Hinduism}}<br />
{{For|a Sanskrit text named after Satyakama Jabala|Jabala Upanishad}}<br />
'''Satyakāma Jābāla''' (सत्यकाम जाबाल) also known as Satyakāma Jābāli is a boy, and later a Vedic sage, who first appears in the fourth prapāṭhaka/chapter of the ancient Vedic text, the [[Chandogya Upanishad|Chhāndogya Upanishad]].<ref name=hume44>Robert Hume, [https://archive.org/stream/thirteenprincipa028442mbp#page/n239/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad] 4.4 - 4.9, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press, pages 218-221</ref><br />
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As a boy, in order to become [[Brahmacharya|brahmachārī]], Satyakāma enquires about his father and his family from his mother Jabālā. His mother tells him that she went about many places in her youth attending to different people devoted to their service, and did not know his lineage. Eager for knowledge, he goes to the sage Haridrumata Gautama, requesting the sage's permission to live in his school for [[Brahmacharya]]. The teacher asks, "my dear child, what family do you come from?". Satyakāma replies that he is of uncertain parentage because his mother did not know who the father is. The sage declares that the boy's honesty is the mark of a "Brāhmaṇa, true seeker of the knowledge of the [[Brahman]]" and accepts him as a student in his school.<ref name=gjha44>[https://archive.org/stream/Shankara.Bhashya-Chandogya.Upanishad-Ganganath.Jha.1942.English#page/n203/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad with Shankara Bhashya] Ganganath Jha (Translator), pages 189-198</ref><ref name=maxmuller44>Max Muller, [https://archive.org/stream/upanishads01ml#page/60/mode/2up Chandogya Upanishad 4.4 - 4.9], The Upanishads, Part I, Oxford University Press, pages 60-64 with footnotes</ref><br />
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The sage sends Satyakāma to tend four hundred cows, and come back when they multiply into a thousand.<ref name=maxmuller44/> The symbolic legend then presents Satyakāma's conversation with a bull, a fire, a swan (''Haṃsa'', हंस) and a diver bird (''Madgu'', मद्गु), which respectively symbolise ''Vāyu'', ''Agni'', ''Āditya'' and ''Prāṇa''.<ref name=hume44/> Satyakāma then learns from these creatures that the form of Brahman is in all cardinal directions (north, south, east, west), world-bodies (earth, atmosphere, sky and ocean), sources of light (fire, sun, moon, lightning), and in man (breath, eye, ear and mind).<ref name=gjha44/> Satyakāma returns to his teacher with a thousand cows, and humbly learns the rest: the nature of Brahman (metaphysical, ultimate reality).<br />
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Satyakāma graduates and becomes a celebrated sage, according to the Hindu tradition. A Vedic school is named after him, as is the influential ancient text [[Jabala Upanishad|Jābāla Upanishad]] – a treatise on [[Sannyasa|Sannyāsa]] (a Hindu monk's monastic life).<ref>Paul Deussen, Sixty Upanishads of the Veda, Volume 2, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120814684}}, pages 757-758</ref> Upakosala Kamalayana was a student of Satyakama Jabala, whose story is also presented in the Chhāndogya Upanishad.<ref name="Feller2004p217">{{cite book|author=Danielle Feller|title=Sanskrit Epics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3yQJU-4mOoC|year=2004|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-2008-1|page=217}}</ref><br />
Satyakāma Jābāla's teacher Gautama gives him the name Patan.<br />
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==References==<br />
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{{Hindudharma}}<br />
{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}<br />
[[Category:Vedanta]]<br />
[[Category:Rishis]]</div>Ajay Kumar