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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Satna}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Satna district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Madhya Pradesh|District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = View from Sharda temple Maihar1.JPG
| image_caption = View from Sharda Temple, Maihar
| image_map = MP Satna district map.svg
| map_caption = Location of Satna district in Madhya Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Satna
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rewa division|Rewa]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Satna]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 07
| area_total_km2 = 7502
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 2,228,935
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.79 per cent
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 927
| leader_title = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name = Mr. Ajay Katesaria, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Satna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Satna]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://satna.nic.in/en/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Satna District''' is a district of [[Madhya Pradesh]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in central [[India]]. The City of [[Satna]] is the district headquarters. The district has an area of 7,502 km², and a population of 22,28,935(2011 census), 20.63% of which is urban. The district has a population density of 249 persons per km².

==Geography==
Satna district has [[Uttar Pradesh]] on the north, [[Rewa district|Rewa]] on the east, [[Shahdol district|Shahdol]] on the southwest, [[Umaria district|Umaria]] and [[Katni district|Katni]] districts on the south, and [[Panna district|Panna]] on the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mponline.in/Profile/districts/Satna.asp | title = Satna| publisher =mponline |access-date = 2010-08-18 }}</ref> The district is part of [[Rewa Division]]. The district is divided into the [[tehsil]]s of [[Amarpatan]], [[Maihar]], [[Nagod]], Uchehara, Raghuraj Nagar, Majhgawan, Ramnagar, Kotar, Birsinghpur, Rampur baghelan & Kothi. [[Satna]] town is situated in Raghurajnagar tehsil.

== History ==
Satna district is part of the [[Baghelkhand]] region, a very large portion of which was ruled by the [[Rewa (princely state)|Rewa]]. A small portion of the western region was ruled by feudatory chiefs under the British. There were eleven such states, namely saluted state (Baroundha).[[Maihar State|Maihar]], [[Nagod State]], [[Sohawal State|Sohawal]], [[Kothi State|Kothi]], [[Jaso State|Jaso]], and the five [[Chaube Jagirs]] of [[Chanpurwa]], [[Pahra]], [[Taraon]], [[Bhaisunda]] and [[Kamta-Rajaula]].<ref name =history>{{cite web|url =http://satna.nic.in/ | title =History of Satna |publisher =Satna District Administration |access-date = 2010-08-18 }}</ref>

The early Buddhist books (including the [[Mahabharata]]) link the Baghelkhand tract with rulers of the Haihaya, Kalchuri or Chedi clan, who gained sufficient importance in the 3rd century CE. They had their capital at Mahishmati (identified by some with Maheshwar in [[Khargone District]]), from where they seem to have been driven eastwards. They had acquired the fort of Kalinjara (a few miles beyond the border of the district, in Uttar Pradesh), and with that as base, they extended their dominion over Baghelkhand. During the 4th and 5th centuries, the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta dynasty]] held sway over the area. The feudatory chiefs of [[Uchchhakalpa]] (Unchehra in Nagod tehsil) and the [[Parivrajaka dynasty|Parivrajakas]] of Kot (in Nagod tehsil) held their own. The chief stronghold of the Chedi clan was Kalinjar, and their proudest title was Kalanjaradhishwara (Lord of Kalanjar). The Kalchuris received their first blow at the hand of Chandel chief Yashovarmma (925-55), who seized the fort of Kalinjar and the tract surrounding it. The Kalchuris were still a powerful tribe and continued to hold most of their possessions until the 12th century.<ref name =history/>

The chiefs of Rewas were Baghel Rajputs descended from the [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] clan. Vyaghra Deo, brother of the ruler of Gujarat, made his way into northern India about the middle of the 13th century and obtained the fort of Marpha, 18 miles north-east of Kalinjar. His son Karandeo married a Kalchuri (Haihaya) princess of Mandla and received in dowry the fort of Bandhogarh (now in the tehsil of the same name in [[Shahdol district]]), which, until its destruction in 1597 by [[Akbar]] was the Baghel capital.<ref name =history/>

In 1298, when Ulugh Khan drove the last Baghel ruler of Gujarat from his kingdom. It caused a considerable migration of the Baghels to Bandhogarh. Until the 15th century the Baghels of Bandhogarh were engaged in extending their possessions and escaped the attention of the Delhi kings. In 1498-9, [[Sikandar Lodi]] failed in his attempt to take the fort of Bandhogarh. The Baghel king Ramchandra (1555–92), was a contemporary of Akbar. After the death of Birdhabra, Ramchandra's son, a minor named Vikramaditya acceded to the throne of Bandhogarh. His accession gave rise to disturbances. Akbar intervened and captured and dismantled the Bandhogarh fort in 1597 after a seize of eight months. It is after this that the town of Rewa started gaining in importance.<ref name =history/>

In 1803, after the treaty of Bassein, the British made overtures of alliance to the ruler of Rewa, but the latter rejected them. In 1812, during the time of Raja Jaisingh (1809–35), a body of Pindaris raided Mirzapur from Rewa territory. Upon this Jaisingh was called upon to accede to a treaty, in which he acknowledged the protection of the British Government, and agreed to refer all disputes with neighbouring chiefs to their arbitration and to allow British troops to march through or be cantoned in his territories. At the mutiny of 1857, Maharaja Raghuraj Singh helped the British in quelling the uprisings in the neighbouring Mandla and Jabalpur district, and in Nagod which is now a part of Satna district. For this, the king was rewarded by restoration to him of the Sohagpur (Shahdol) and Amarkantak parganas, which had been seized by the Marathas in the beginning of the century. The rulers of Rewa State bore the title of 'His Highness' and "Maharaja" and received a salute of 17 guns. Most of the Raghuraj Nagar and entire Amarpatan tehsil of the present Satna district were in the Rewa State prior to the formation of Vindhya Pradesh.<ref name =history/>

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Satna one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=September 27, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=April 5, 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=4,15,607|13=1911|14=4,87,703|15=1921|16=4,23,774|17=1931|18=4,58,828|19=1941|20=5,29,553|21=1951|22=5,54,529|23=1961|24=6,94,370|25=1971|26=9,13,531|27=1981|28=11,53,387|29=1991|30=14,65,384|31=2001|32=18,70,104|33=2011|34=22,28,935|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=right}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Satna District has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 2,228,935,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Latvia]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Latvia 2,204,708 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30| quote =New Mexico - 2,059,179 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 203rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 297 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.17%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Satna has a [[sex ratio]] of 927 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 79.89%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.9% and 14.4% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

In the 2001 census, Satna district had a total population of 1,868,648, out of which 970,114were males and 898,534 were females. Decadal growth in 1991-2001 was 27.52. Sex ratio was 926. Density of population was 249 / km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page163.html | title = Population, decadal growth rate, sex ratio and density – States/Union territories and Districts : 2001 | work = Table 1 |publisher = Education for all in India, Source:Registrar General of India, Government of India, New Delhi |access-date = 2010-08-12 }}</ref>

===Languages===
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 98.67% of the population in the district spoke [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

Among the languages spoken in Satna is [[Bagheli language|Bagheli]], which has a [[lexical similarity]] of 72-91% with [[Hindi]]<ref name=bfy/> (compared to 60% for German and English)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = English | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=eng | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> and is spoken by about 7,800,000 people in [[Bagelkhand]].<ref name=bfy>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Bagheli: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=bfy | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

==Tourist attractions==
Satna district has major sites of [[archaeological]], religious and tourist interest.

===Chitrakoot===
[[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh|Chitrakuta]] is a town of religious, cultural, historical and archaeological importance, situated in the Satna district in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh; bordering the Chitrakoot district is Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for numerous temples and sites mentioned in Hindu mythology. Chitrakuta’s spiritual legacy stretches back to legendary ages. It was in these deep forests that [[Rama]], [[Sita]] and his brother [[Lakshmana]] spent eleven and half years of their fourteen years of exile. The great sage [[Atri]], [[Sati Anusuya]], [[Dattatreya]], Maharshi [[Markandeya]], [[Sarbhanga]], [[Sutikshna]] and various other sages, seers, devotees and thinkers meditated here. The principal trinity of the [[Hindu]] pantheon, [[Brahma]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva|Mahesh]], took their incarnations here.<ref>Vinod Avasthi: ''Chitrakuta darshan (Hindi)'', Purushotam Das Agarwal, Banda</ref>

===Maihar===
[[File:Maihar railway station.JPG|thumb|Maihar Railway Station]]
[[Maihar]] has a temple by the name of '''Sharda Devi''' situated on the top of Trikuta hill about 5 km from the center of the town. This temple is known for its stairway of more than 1,000 steps. Millions of devotees throng to the temple throughout the year. There is a 3.1 mn tn cement factory near Maihar (Maihar Cement Factory) which provides an industrial touch to the holy place. The factory complex and the township are situated at Sarlanagar about 8 km away from Maihar town on the Maihar-Dhanwahi Road. Two new cement factories, KJS Cement and Reliance Cement, are also setting up their cement factories here.

NTPC, the power giant of India, is setting up a thermal plant at Barethi in Maihar.

===Birsinghpur===
[[Birsinghpur]] has a temple by the name of '''old shiv temple''' situated in main market 0.5 km from Satna Birsinghpur road. Millions of devotees throng to the temple throughout the year.

===Griddhraj Parvat===
[[Griddhraj Parvat]] (Hindi: गृद्घराज पर्वत, ''the hill of vultures''), is a hill of religious, archeological and ecological importance situated in Devrajnagar village of tehsil Ramnagar in Satna district. It is located 8 km from the town of Ramnagar. Griddhraj Parvat is of great religious importance in [[Hindu mythology]]. It was mentioned in [[Skanda Purana]] as ‘Griddhanchal Parvat’.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} It is believed to be the birthplace of ‘[[Sampati]]’, the brother of Griddhraj ‘[[Jatayu (Ramayana)|Jatayu]]’ mentioned in [[Ramayana]]. The poet [[Kālidāsa|Kalidas]] mentions this place as the most sacred in his book ‘Griddharaj Mahatmya’ (Narad Uvach). He wrote that a dip in the [[Manasi]] Ganga River originating from Griddhraj Parvat, at an altitude of 2,354 feet, absolves all kinds of sins. Sons of [[Brahma]] and then [[goddess Parvati]] first saw this hill. It is also mentioned in [[Shiva Samhita]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} Chinese traveller [[Faxian|Fa-hien]] visited this place and mentioned it.<ref>Legge, James. A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, Being an Account by the Chinese Monk Fa-Hien of his Travels in India and Ceylon (A.D. 399-414) in Search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline, Chapter XXIX : Gridhra-Kuta Hill, and Legends. Fa-Hien Passes a Night On It. His Reflections.</ref>

===Bharhut===
[[Image:GreekKing(Drawing).jpg|thumb|150px|Indian relief of probable [[Indo-Greek]] king, with Buddhist [[triratana]] symbol on his sword. Bharhut, 2nd century BCE. [[Indian Museum]], [[Calcutta]] (drawing).]]

Also in Satna district is the ancient city of [[Bharhut]], a center of [[Buddhist culture]], whose archeological treasures have been gifted to the major museums in the country and the world. The Bharhut stupa may have been established by the [[Maurya]] king [[Ashoka]] in the 3rd century BCE, but many works of art were apparently added during the [[Shunga empire|Shunga]] period, with many [[friezes]] from the 2nd century BCE.

===Other places===
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
The Tulsi museum in Ramvan has many unique ancient sculptures from the area.

Local temples of note include the [[Lord Shiva]] Temple at Birsinghpur, the Lord Hanuman Temple in Ramsthan, and the Lord Hanumanji Temple in Bamhori, near Jaitwar.

Dharkundi is a natural place and ashram of Swami Sachchidanand ji maharaj . It is located 23 km away from Birsinghpur near UP border.

Maa Durga Shakti Peeth, Ram janki mandir , Shankaracharya mandir etc. are also most beautiful places for visit located in village Bairahna near Birsinghpur , Satna.

===Transportation===

Satna has an airstrip called Satna Airstrip, built in 1970. Closest major Airport to Satna is in [[Prayagraj]] which is 191.7 kilometers (119 miles) away and has flights to major destinations such as Delhi, Bangaluru, Mumbai, Kolkata etc. The other nearest major airport to Satna is [[Jabalpur Airport]] which is approximately 200 kilometres from the city. Another airport is [[Khajuraho airport]] (HJR) which is approximately 112 kilometre from city.

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Satna district
|North = [[Chitrakoot district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
|Northeast = [[Rewa district]]
|East = [[Sidhi district]]
|Southeast = [[Shahdol district]]
|South = [[Umaria district]]
|Southwest = [[Katni district]]
|West = [[Panna district]]
|Northwest = [[Banda district (India)|Banda district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
}}

{{Districts of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Rewa Division}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|24|20|24|N|80|33|00|E|source:kolossus-hiwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Satna district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Madhya Pradesh]]

Satna district - Revision history

2409:4043:2587:4359:0:0:2A6A:A0 at 03:01, 21 June 2021