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{{short description|Indian political activist and poet}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| order = 1st
| office = Governor of United Provinces
| term_start = 15 August 1947
| term_end = 2 March 1949
| predecessor = Position established
| successor = [[Homi Mody|Hormasji Peroshaw Mody]]
| office2 = President of Indian National Congress
| term2 = 1925–1926
| predecessor2 = [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
| successor2 = [[S. Srinivasa Iyengar]]
| name = Sarojini Naidu
| image = Sarojini Naidu 1964 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Naidu on a 1964 stamp of India
| birth_name = Sarojini Chattopadhyay
| nickname = Bharat ki bulbul
| birth_date = {{birth date|1879|2|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Hyderabad State]], [[British India]] (now in [[Telangana]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|1949|3|2|1879|2|13|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], [[Dominion of India]]<br/>(present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])
| nationality = Indian
| alma_mater = {{hlist|[[King's College London]]|[[Girton College, Cambridge]]}}
| occupation = Political activist, poet
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse = Govindarajulu
Naidu (1898–1949)
| children = 5; including [[Padmaja Naidu|Padmaja]]
| relatives = {{hlist|[[Virendranath Chattopadhyay|Virendranath]] (brother)|[[Harindranath Chattopadhyay|Harindranath]] (brother)|[[Suhasini Chattopadhyay|Suhasini]] (sister)}}
| module = {{Infobox writer
| embed = yes
| language = [[English language|English]]
| genre = [[lyric poetry]]
| notableworks = {{hlist|''The Golden Threshold''|"[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]"}}
| subject = [[Indian nationalism]]
| signature = Sarojini Naidu signature.png
}}
}}
'''Sarojini Naidu''' (''[[née]]'' '''Chattopadhyay'''; 13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949)<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Sarojini Naidu {{!}} Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sarojini-Naidu |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of [[civil rights]], [[women's emancipation]], and [[anti-imperialistic]] ideas, she was an important figure in [[Indian independence movement|India's struggle for independence from colonial rule]]. Naidu's work as a poet earned her the sobriquet 'the Nightingale of India', or 'Bharat Kokila' by Mahatma Gandhi because of colour, imagery and lyrical quality of her poetry.<ref name="ISCE">{{Cite book |title=Treasure Trove: A Collection of ICSE Poems and Short Stories |publisher=Evergreen Publications (INDIA) Ltd. |year=2020 |isbn=9789350637005 |location=4738/23, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002, India |pages=13}}</ref>

Born in a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family in [[Hyderabad]], Chattopadhyay was educated in [[Chennai|Madras]], [[London]] and [[Cambridge]]. Following her time in [[England]], where she worked as a [[suffragist]], she was drawn to [[Indian National Congress]]' movement for India's independence from British rule. She became a part of the Indian nationalist movement and became a follower of [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and his idea of [[swaraj]]. She married Govindarajulu Naidu, a [[general physician]] in 1898. She was appointed as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925 and later became the Governor of the [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]] in 1947, becoming the first woman to hold the office of Governor in the [[Dominion of India]].

Naidu's poetry includes both children's poems and others written on more serious themes including patriotism, romance, and tragedy. Published in 1912, "[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]" remains one of her most popular poems. She died of a [[cardiac arrest]] on 2 March 1949.

== Personal life ==
Sarojini Chattopadhyay was born in [[Hyderabad State]] on 13 February 1879 to [[Aghorenath Chattopadhyay]] and Varada Sundari Devi.<ref name="Raman2006">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |title=Naidu, Sarojini |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of India |publisher=Charles Scriber's Sons |last=Raman |first=Sita Anantha |editor-last=Wolpert |editor-first=Stanley |volume=3 |pages=212–213}}</ref> Her parental home was at [[Brahmangaon]] Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal province (present-day Konoksar village, Louhajang, Munshiganj [[Bangladesh]]).<ref name="Ahmed2015">{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Lilyma |title=Naidu, Sarojini |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Naidu,_Sarojini |access-date=5 August 2015 |publisher=[[Banglapedia]]: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh}}</ref> Her father was a [[Bengali Brahmin]] and the principal of Hyderabad college, which later became [[Nizam College]].<ref name="Raman2006" /> He held a doctorate of Science from [[University of Edinburgh|Edinburgh University]]. Her mother wrote poetry in Bengali.<ref name="Raman2006" />

[[File:Sarojini Naidu by JB Yeats.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Drawing of Naidu by [[John Butler Yeats]], 1896, from the frontispiece of ''The Golden Threshold'' (1905)]]
She was the eldest of the eight siblings. Her brother [[Virendranath Chattopadhyay]] was a revolutionary, and another brother [[Harindranath Chattopadhyay|Harindranath]] was a poet, a dramatist, and an actor. Their family was well-regarded in Hyderabad, not only for leading the Nizam College of Hyderabad but also as Hyderabad's most famous artists at that time. Being an artist in the era of British rule in India was considered a risky career, yet with their progressive values, they pursued them anyway.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} Chattopadhyay's creativity was encouraged and she met many intellectuals among her parents' visitors.<ref name="Raman2006" />

=== Education ===

Chattopadhyay passed her [[matriculation examination]] to qualify for university study, earning the highest rank, in 1891, when she was twelve.<ref name="Raman2006" /> From 1895 to 1898 she studied in England, at [[King's College London|King's College, London]] and then [[Girton College, Cambridge]], with a scholarship from [[H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust]] founded by the 7th Nizam of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] "[[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]".<ref name="TimesIndia">{{Cite news |title=Nizam's kin pulls out 'firmans' showing last ruler's generosity |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/nizams-kin-pulls-out-firmans-showing-last-rulers-generosity/articleshow/67416257.cms}}</ref> In England, she met artists from the [[Aestheticism|Aesthetic]] and [[Decadent movement|Decadent]] movements.<ref name="Reddy2010">{{Cite journal |last=Reddy |first=Sheshalatha |date=2010 |title=The Cosmopolitan Nationalism of Sarojini Naidu, Nightingale of India |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25733492 |journal=Victorian Literature and Culture |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=571–589 |issn=1060-1503}}</ref> She travelled briefly in Europe.<ref name="Raman2006" />

=== Marriage ===

Chattopadhyay returned to Hyderabad in 1898.<ref name="EGS">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Naidu, Sarojini (1879-1949) |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Gender and Society |publisher=SAGE Publications Inc |last=O'Brien |first=Jodi |page=589 |doi=10.4135/9781412964517.n292}}</ref> That same year, she married Govindarajulu Naidu, a physician,<ref name="Raman2006" /> in an [[inter-caste marriage]] which has been called "groundbreaking and scandalous."<ref name="EGS"/> Both their families approved their marriage, which was long and harmonious. They had four children.<ref name="Raman2006" /> Their daughter [[Padmaja Naidu|Padmaja]] also joined the [[Quit India Movement]], and held several governmental positions in independent India.<ref name="NYT1975">{{Cite news |date=1975-05-03 |title=Padmaja Naidu Dies at 75; ExWest Bengal Governor |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/05/03/archives/padmaja-naidu-dies-at-75-exwest-bengal-governor.html |access-date=2021-10-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==Political career==
[[File:Sarojini Naidu.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Naidu in 1912]]

===Early oratory===
Beginning in 1904, Naidu became an increasingly popular orator, promoting [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] and [[women's rights]], especially [[women's education]].<ref name="Raman2006" /> Her oratory often framed arguments following the five-part rhetorical structures of [[Nyaya]] reasoning.<ref name="Shekhani2017" /> She addressed the [[Indian National Congress]] and the Indian Social Conference in Calcutta in 1906.<ref name="Raman2006" /> Her social work for flood relief earned her the [[Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]] in 1911<ref name="Raman2006" />, which she later returned in protest over the April 1919 [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} She met [[Muthulakshmi Reddy]] in 1909, and in 1914 she met [[Mahatma Gandhi]], whom she credited with inspiring a new commitment to political action.<ref name="Iyer">{{cite book|last=Iyer|first=N Sharada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4D9b4QSeoMIC|title=Musings on Indian Writing in English: Poetry|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=1964|isbn=9788176255745|pages=135|access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref>

With Reddy, she helped established the [[Women's suffrage#India|Women's Indian Association]] in 1917.<ref name="Raman2006" /><ref name="Pasricha">{{Cite book |last=Pasricha |first=Ashu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p-j4fWQxpGIC&q=naidu+Women%27s+Indian+Association+%28WIA%29&pg=PA24 |title=The political thought of Annie Besant |publisher=Concept Pub. Co. |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-8069-585-8 |location=New Delhi |pages=24}}</ref> Later that year, Naidu accompanied her colleague [[Annie Besant]], who was the president of [[Home Rule League]] and Women's Indian Association, to advocate [[universal suffrage]] in front of the Joint Select Committee in [[London]], [[United Kingdom]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} She also supported the [[Lucknow Pact]], a joint [[Hindu–Muslim unity|Hindu–Muslim]] demand for British political reform, at the Madras Special Provincial Council.<ref name="Raman2006" /> As a public speaker, Naidu's oratory was known for its personality and its incorporation of her poetry.<ref name="Raman2006" />

=== Nonviolent resistance ===
Naidu formed close ties with Gandhi, [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]], [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Sarala Devi Chaudhurani]].<ref name="Raman2006" /> After 1917, she joined Gandhi's ''[[satyagraha]]'' movement of nonviolent resistance against British rule.<ref name="Raman2006" /> Naidu went to London in 1919 as a part of the [[All India Home Rule League]] as a part of her continued efforts to advocate for freedom from the British rule.<ref name="EGS" /> The next year, she participated in the [[non-cooperation movement]] in India.<ref name="Raman2006" />

[[File:Mahatma & Sarojini Naidu 1930.JPG|thumb|left|Naidu (far right) with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] during [[Salt Satyagraha]], 1930]]
In 1924, Naidu represented the Indian National Congress at the [[East African Indian National Congress]].<ref name="EGS" /> In 1925, Naidu was the first female president of the Indian National Congress.<ref name="Raman2006" /> In 1927, Naidu was a founding member of the [[All India Women's Conference]].<ref name="Raman2006" /> In 1928, she travelled in the United States to promote nonviolent resistance.<ref name="EGS" /> Naidu also presided over East African and Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

In 1930, Gandhi initially did not want to permit women to join the [[Salt March]], because it would be physically demanding with a high risk of arrest.<ref name="Raman2006" /> Naidu and other female activists, including [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]] and [[Khurshed Naoroji]], persuaded him otherwise, and joined the march.<ref name="Raman2006" /> When Gandhi was arrested on April 6, 1930, he appointed Naidu as the new leader of the campaign.<ref name="Shekhani2017" />

The Indian National Congress decided to stay away from the [[First Round Table Conference]] that took place in London owing to the arrests.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of the Congress Party participated in the [[Second Round Table Conference]] headed by [[Viceroy of India|Viceroy]] [[Lord Irwin]] in the wake of the [[Gandhi-Irwin pact]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} Naidu was jailed by the British in 1932.<ref name="Raman2006" />

The British jailed Naidu again in 1942 for her participation in the [[Quit India Movement]].<ref name="Raman2006" /> She was imprisoned for 21 months.<ref name="EGS" />

[[File:Sarojini Naidu plants a tree in Mehrauli, Delhi.jpg|thumb|Naidu plants a tree in Mehrauli, Delhi, 1947]]

===Governor of United Provinces===
Following India's independence from the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed as the governor of the [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]] (present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]]), making her India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death in March 1949 (aged 70).<ref name="Raman2006" />

==Writing career==
Naidu began writing at the age of 12. Her play, ''Maher Muneer'', written in [[Persian language|Persian]], impressed the [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Kingdom of Hyderabad]].{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

Naidu's poetry is written in English, and usually took the form of [[lyric poetry]] in the tradition of British [[Romanticism]], which she was sometimes challenged to reconcile with her Indian nationalist politics.<ref name="Reddy2010" /> She was known for her vivid use of rich sensory images in her writing, and for her lush depictions of India.<ref name="Iyer" /><ref name="Jagadisan">{{cite book|author=Jagadisan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_NShyA_s7YC|title=A thing of beauty|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2001|isbn=9788125016250|page=55|access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref> She was well-regarded as a poet, considered the "Indian [[W.B. Yeats|Yeats]]".<ref name="Shekhani2017">{{Cite journal |last=Shekhani |first=Ummekulsoom |date=2017-04-03 |title=Sarojini Naidu—The Forgotten Orator of India |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07350198.2017.1282223 |journal=Rhetoric Review |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=139–150 |doi=10.1080/07350198.2017.1282223 |issn=0735-0198}}</ref>

Her first book of poems was published in London in 1905, titled ''The Golden Threshold''.<ref name="Sarkar">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NcHdrqUJpYC&q=%22The+Broken+Wings%22+was+published+1905+naidu&pg=PA11 |title=Critical response to Indian poetry in English |publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7625-825-8 |editor-last=Sarkar, Amar Nath |location=New Delhi |pages=11 |editor-last2=Prasad, Bithika}}</ref> The publication was suggested by [[Edmund Gosse]], and bore an introduction by [[Arthur Symons]]. It also included a sketch of Naidu as a teenager, in a ruffled white dress, drawn by [[John Butler Yeats]]. Her second and most strongly nationalist book of poems, ''The Bird of Time'', was published in 1912.<ref name="Reddy2010" /> It was published in both London and New York, and includes "[[In the Bazaars of Hyderabad]]."<ref name="BirdTime">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000634356 |title=The bird of time; songs of life, death & the spring |date=1912 |publisher=John Lane company; W. Heinemann |editor-last=Gosse |editor-first=Edmund |location=New York, London}}</ref> The last book of new poems published in her lifetime, ''The Broken Wing'' (1917) was dedicated to [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. It includes the poem "The Gift of India," critiquing the British empire's exploitation of Indian mothers, which she had previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' War Relief Association in 1915. It also includes "Awake!", with which she concluded a 1915 speech to the Indian National Congress to urge unified Indian action.<ref name="Reddy2010" /> A collection of all her published poems was printed in New York in 1928.<ref name="FirstEdition">{{Cite web |title=The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India |url=https://thefirstedition.com/product/the-sceptred-flute-songs-of-india/ |access-date=2021-10-07 |website=The First Edition Rare Books |language=en-US}}</ref> After her death, Naidu's complete poems, including unpublished works, were collected in ''The Feather of the Dawn'' (1961), edited by her daughter [[Padmaja Naidu]]''.<ref name="Nasta2012">{{Cite book |last=Nasta |first=Susheila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgYGlJI9vrUC&q=The%20Feather%20of%20The%20Dawn%20Padmaja&pg=PR4 |title=India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858–1950 |date=16 November 2012 |isbn=978-0-230-39271-7 |page=213 |author-link=Susheila Nasta |access-date=13 February 2016}}</ref>''

Naidu's speeches were first collected and published in January 1918 as ''The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu'', a popular publication which led to an expanded reprint in 1919<ref name="NaiduSpeeches1919-9">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199 |title=Speeches and writings. |date=1919 |publisher=G.A. Nateson & Co. |edition=2nd |location=Madras |page=9}}</ref> and again in 1925.<ref name="NaiduSpeeches1925">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001868048 |title=Speeches and writings of Sarojini Naidu. |date=1925 |publisher=G.A. Natesan & co. |edition=3rd |location=Madras}}</ref>

===Works===
*1905: ''The Golden Threshold'', London: William Heineman<ref>{{Cite book|last=Naidu|first=Sarojini|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001725616|title=The golden threshold|date=1905|publisher=Heineman|location=London}}</ref>
*1912: ''The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring'', London: William Heineman and New York: John Lane Company<ref name="BirdTime" />
*1917: ''The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the Spring''<ref name="vkg313">Vinayak Krishna Gokak, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WLE8GVsAfEMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false ''The Golden Treasury Of Indo-Anglian Poetry (1828–1965)'', p 313, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1970, first edition; 2006 reprint)], {{ISBN|81-260-1196-3}}, retrieved 6 August 2010</ref><ref name="Das2010">Sisir Kumar Das, [https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false "A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy"], p 523, New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi (1995), {{ISBN|81-7201-798-7}}; retrieved 10 August 2010</ref>
*1917: "The Song of the Palanquin Bearers," lyrics by Naidu and music by [[Martin Shaw (composer)|Martin Shaw]], London: Curwen<ref name="Shaw1917">{{Cite book |last=Shaw |first=Martin |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c034141508 |title=The Song of the Palanquin Bearers |last2=Naidu |first2=Sarojini |publisher=Curwen |year=1917 |location=London}}</ref>
*1918: ''The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu'', Madras: G.A. Natesan & Co.<ref name="NaiduSpeeches1919">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199 |title=Speeches and writings. |date=1919 |publisher=G.A. Nateson & Co. |location=Madras}}</ref>
*1919: Editor, ''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Mahomed Ali Jinnah]], An Ambassador of Unity: His Speeches & Writings 1912-1917'', with a biographical "Pen Portrait" of Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.<ref name="JinnahSpeeches">{{Cite book |last=Jinnah |first=Mahomed Ali |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001866917 |title=Mahomed Ali Jinnah, an ambassador of unity; his speeches & writings 1912-1917. |publisher=Ganesh & Co. |year=1919 |editor-last=Naidu |editor-first=Sarojini |location=Madras}}</ref>
*1928: ''The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India'', New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.<ref name="SceptredFlute">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001058638 |title=The sceptred flute: songs of India |date=1928 |publisher=Dodd, Mead & company |location=New York}}</ref><ref name="FirstEdition" />
*1961: ''The Feather of the Dawn'', edited by [[Padmaja Naidu]], Bombay: Asia Publishing House''<ref name="Nasta2012" />''

==Death==
[[File:Sarojini Naidu Ashes.jpg|thumb|upright|The ashes of Naidu kept at Golden Threshold, Hyderabad before immersion]]

Naidu died of [[cardiac arrest]] at 3:30 p.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 2 March 1949 at the [[Raj Bhavan (Uttar Pradesh)|Government House]] in [[Lucknow]]. Upon her return from [[New Delhi]] on 15 February, she was advised to rest by her doctors, and all official engagements were canceled. Her health deteriorated substantially and [[bloodletting]] was performed on the night of 1 March after she complained of severe [[headache]]. She collapsed following a fit of cough. Naidu was said to have asked the nurse attending to her to sing to her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.<ref name="IndianExpressObit">{{Cite news |date=3 March 1949 |title=Mrs. Sarojini Naidu Passes Away |page=1 |work=The Indian Express |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dQBFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3904%2C5941395 |access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref> She subsequently died, and her last rites were performed at the [[Gomati River]].<ref name="IndianExpressRites">{{Cite news |date=4 March 1949 |title=Last Rites of Sarojini Naidu at Lucknow |page=1 |work=The Indian Express |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dgBFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1910%2C6038939 |access-date=8 February 2018}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
Naidu is known as "one of India's feminist luminaries."<ref name="Raman2006" /> Naidu's birthday, 13 February, is celebrated as Women's Day to recognise powerful voices of women in India's history.<ref name="ISCE" />

As a poet, Naidu was known as the "Nightingale of India".<ref name="Augestine2017">{{Cite news |last=Augestine |first=Seline |date=17 June 2017 |title=Nightingale of India |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/children/nightingale-of-india/article19093162.ece |access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref> [[Edmund Gosse]] called her "the most accomplished living poet in India" in 1919.<ref name="NaiduSpeeches1919-11">{{Cite book |last=Naidu |first=Sarojini |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100500199 |title=Speeches and writings. |date=1919 |publisher=G.A. Nateson & Co. |location=Madras |page=11}}</ref>

[[File:Golden Threshold in Abids, Hyderabad.JPG|thumbnail|Golden Threshold in 2015]]
Naidu is memorialized in the [[Golden Threshold]], an off-campus annex of [[University of Hyderabad]] named for her first collection of poetry. Golden Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication in the University of Hyderabad.<ref name="UHyderabad">{{Cite web |title=Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication |url=http://www.uohyd.ac.in/index.php/academics/2011-10-27-18-38-04/sarojini-naidu-school-of-arts-a-communication |access-date=12 February 2014}}</ref>

Asteroid [[5647 Sarojininaidu]], discovered by [[Eleanor Helin]] at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 1990, was named in her memory.<ref name="jpldata" /> The official {{MoMP|5647|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 27 August 2019 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 115893}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's 135th birth anniversary with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref name="BiharPrabha2014">{{Cite web |title=Google Doodle celebrates Sarojini Naidu's 135th Birthday |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/google-doodle-celebrates-sarojini-naidus-135th-birthday/ |access-date=12 February 2014 |publisher=news.biharprabha.com}}</ref>

=== Works about Naidu ===
The first biography of Naidu, ''Sarojini Naidu: a Biography'' by Padmini Sengupta, was published in 1966.<ref name="Jungalwalla1966">{{Cite journal |last=Jungalwalla |first=P.N. |date=1966 |title=Review of ''Sarojini Naidu, a Biography'' by Padmini Sengupta |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23329487 |journal=Indian Literature |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=101–103 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> A biography for children, Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter, was published by [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]] in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarojini Naidu: The Nightingale and The Freedom Fighter|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2014/mar/16/Sarojini-Naidu-The-Nightingale-and-The-Freedom-Fighter-586690.html|access-date=2021-10-16|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

In 1975, the [[Government of India]] [[Films Division]] produced a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's life, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale of India," directed by [[Bhagwan Das Garga]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-02-13|title=Films Division pays tribute to Sarojini Naidu|url=https://www.thereportingtoday.com/films-division-pays-tribute-to-sarojini-naidu/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-16|website=THE REPORTING TODAY|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarojini Naidu {{!}} Films Division|url=https://filmsdivision.org/shop/sarojini-naidu|access-date=2021-10-16|website=filmsdivision.org}}</ref>

In 2020, a [[biopic]] was announced, titled ''Sarojini'', to be directed by Akash Nayak and Dhiraj Mishra, and starring [[Dipika Chikhlia]] as Naidu.<ref name="IndianExpress2020">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-15 |title=Ramayan actor Dipika Chikhlia to play Sarojini Naidu in biographical film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/ramayan-actor-dipika-chikhlia-to-play-sarojini-naidu-in-biopic-6399601/ |access-date=2020-09-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Poetry|Biography}}
* [[Indian English literature]]
* [[Indian literature]]
* [[Indian poetry]]
* [[Indian poetry in English]]
* [[List of Indian poets]]
* [[List of Indian writers]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 11 May 2019 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 5647 Sarojininaidu (1990 TZ)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2005647
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|access-date = 25 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 25 September 2019}}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf= 20485679}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gupta|first1=Indra|title=India's 50 most illustrious women|date=2004|location=New Delhi |publisher=Icon Publications|edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book|last1=Baig|first1=Tara Ali|title=Sarojini Naidu: portrait of a patriot|date=1985|location=New Delhi |publisher=Congress Centenary (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I)}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ramachandran Nair|first1=K. R.|title=Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu|date=1987 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Sterling Publishers}}
* {{cite book|author=Padmini Sengupta|title=Sarojini Naidu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikVKnQEACAAJ|year=1997|isbn=9788178624495 }}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{wikisource author}}
{{commons category|Sarojini Naidu}}
* [https://talkinghumanities.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2016/11/01/nightingale-of-india-a-sarojini-naidu-biopic/ Nightingale of India: a Sarojini Naidu biopic]
* [https://www.academia.edu/4132256/International_Journal_of_English_and_Literature_IJEL_ The poetry of Sarojini Naidu: A fusion of English language and Indian culture]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Naidu,+Sarojini | name=Sarojini Naidu}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Sarojini Naidu}}
* [https://archive.org/details/goldenthreshold00naidgoog ''The Golden Threshold''] in The Internet Archive
* {{Librivox author |id=3569}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080518090448/http://www.poetseers.org/the_great_poets/in/sarojini_naidu/ Biography and Poems of Sarojini Naidu ]
* [http://www.rediff.com/freedom/19let1.htm Letter written by Sarojini Naidu ]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=h6v8HsRUBucC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=Bazaars+of+hyderabad,+sarojini+naidu&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7#v=twopage&q=nizam%20college&f=false Sarojini Naidu: An introduction to her life, work, and poetry By Vishwanath S. Naravane]
* [http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/sarojini-naidu Sarojini Naidu materials at the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/022371}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwJqwuDx7OI ''Sarojini Naidu''] (1975) documentary film by Films Division

{{Indian National Congress Presidents}}
{{Indian independence movement}}
{{Governors of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naidu, Sarojini}}
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1949 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Alumni of King's College London]]
[[Category:Bengali female poets]]
[[Category:Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:English-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian tax resisters]]
[[Category:Indian women poets]]
[[Category:People from Bikrampur]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Indian National Congress]]
[[Category:Women in Telangana politics]]
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Women state governors of India]]
[[Category:Women writers from Telangana]]
[[Category:Indian suffragists]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Telangana]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal]]

Sarojini Naidu - Revision history

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