Saroj Raj Choudhury - Revision history

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2026-03-25T15:11:19Z

minor expanded structure for accuracy

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			{{Short description\|Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, and writer}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=June 2016}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2016}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2016}}
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	\| yearsactive =		\| yearsactive =
	\| known for = [[Project Tiger]]		\| known for = [[Project Tiger]]
	\| spouse = ~~Nihar Nalini Swain~~		\| spouse =
	\| domesticpartner =		\| domesticpartner =
	\| children =		\| children =
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	\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]		\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
	}}		}}
	'''Saroj Raj Choudhury''' was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer<ref name="iScholar profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/indianforester/search/authors/view?firstName=Saroj%20Raj&middleName=&lastName=Choudhury&affiliation=&country= \| title=iScholar profile \| publisher=iScholar \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> and the first Forest Conservator under the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref name="Angle Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.anglebooks.com/khairi-the-beloved-tigress-saroj-raj-choudhury.html \| title=Angle Books profile \| publisher=Angle Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> He was also the founder director of the [[Simlipal National Park]], in the [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref name="Down to Earth">{{cite web \| url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/17561 \| title=Down to Earth \| publisher=Down to Earth \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with ''Khairi'', a domesticated tigress.<ref name="Simlipal Heroes">{{cite web \| url=http://www.similipal.org/similipal-heros.php \| title=Simlipal Heroes \| publisher=Simlipal Tiger Reserve \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Copy Cats">{{cite web \| url=http://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/Killer-Cats-Final_Nov-4-2011.pdf \| title=Copy Cats \| publisher=Conservation India \| date=2011 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, ''Khairi: The Beloved Tigress'', written by him and published in 1977.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErzFAAAACAAJ \| title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress \| publisher=Natraj Publishers \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| year=2003 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788185019710}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>		'''Saroj Raj Choudhury''' was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer<ref name="iScholar profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/indianforester/search/authors/view?firstName=Saroj%20Raj&middleName=&lastName=Choudhury&affiliation=&country= \| title=iScholar profile \| publisher=iScholar \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> and the first Forest Conservator under the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref name="Angle Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.anglebooks.com/khairi-the-beloved-tigress-saroj-raj-choudhury.html \| title=Angle Books profile \| publisher=Angle Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> He was also the founder director of the [[Simlipal National Park]], in the [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref name="Down to Earth">{{cite web \| url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/17561 \| title=Down to Earth \| publisher=Down to Earth \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with ''Khairi'', a domesticated tigress.<ref name="Simlipal Heroes">{{cite web \| url=http://www.similipal.org/similipal-heros.php \| title=Simlipal Heroes \| publisher=Simlipal Tiger Reserve \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Copy Cats">{{cite web \| url=http://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/Killer-Cats-Final_Nov-4-2011.pdf \| title=Copy Cats \| publisher=Conservation India \| date=2011 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, ''Khairi: The Beloved Tigress'', written by him and published in 1977.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErzFAAAACAAJ \| title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress \| publisher=Natraj Publishers \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| year=2003 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788185019710}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=18 June 2015 \| archive-date=15 October 2015 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| url-status=dead }}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in [[Odisha]], started his career as a forest officer in [[Government of Odisha]] service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post.<ref name="Abe Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788185019710/Khairi-Beloved-Tigress-Chowdhary-Saroj-8185019711/plp \| title=Abe Books profile \| publisher=Abe Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he was transferred as the head of the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]], founded in 1878 by the German forester, [[Dietrich Brandis]].<ref name="The Indian Forest School">{{cite journal \| url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofsc11scot#page/154/mode/2up \| title=The Indian Forest School \| author=Bailey, F. \| journal=Transactions of the Scottish Arboricultural Society \| year=1885 \| volume=11 \| issue=2 \| pages=155–161}}</ref> When [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of [[Project Tiger]]<ref name="An epic link">{{cite web \| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp \| title=An epic link \| publisher=The Telegraph \| date=25 April 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> with his headquarters in [[Baripada]].<ref name="Simlipal">{{cite web \| url=http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710054707/http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=2015-07-10 \| title=Simlipal \| publisher=Sancharnet \| date=2002 \| access-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>		Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in [[Odisha]], started his career as a forest officer in the [[Government of Odisha]]’s service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post.<ref name="Abe Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788185019710/Khairi-Beloved-Tigress-Chowdhary-Saroj-8185019711/plp \| title=Abe Books profile \| publisher=Abe Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he was transferred as the head of the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]], founded in 1878 by the German forester, [[Dietrich Brandis]].<ref name="The Indian Forest School">{{cite journal \| url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofsc11scot#page/154/mode/2up \| title=The Indian Forest School \| author=Bailey, F. \| journal=Transactions of the Scottish Arboricultural Society \| year=1885 \| volume=11 \| issue=2 \| pages=155–161}}</ref> When [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of [[Project Tiger]]<ref name="An epic link">{{cite web \| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230214825/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=30 December 2014 \| title=An epic link \| publisher=The Telegraph \| date=25 April 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> with his headquarters in [[Baripada]].<ref name="Simlipal">{{cite web \| url=http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710054707/http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=2015-07-10 \| title=Simlipal \| publisher=Sancharnet \| date=2002 \| access-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>

	1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the [[Khairi]] river.<ref name="Legend behind a legend">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/legend-behind-a-legend/article3219308.ece \| title=Legend behind a legend \| publisher=The Hindu \| date=22 January 2006 \| access-date=9 July 2015 \| author=Hariharan Balakrishnan}}</ref> He and ~~his wife,~~ Nihar Nalini Swain, took the cub into their care and converted their quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named ''Khairi'' after the [[Khairi\|river]] she was found near, remained with the couple for number of years even after it was full grown.<ref name="An epic link" /> They also reared several other wild animals at their residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named ''Jumbu'', a blind hyena called ''Baina'' and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chxpu5jU3VYC&q=Saroj+Raj+Choudhury+biography&pg=PA21 \| title=The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects \| publisher=Concept Publications \|author1=R. C. Sharma \|author2=J. J. Dutta \|author3=Suhas Kumar \|author4=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya \| year=2008 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788180695179}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Mohanty\|first=Debabrata\|date=December 30, 2021\|title=Nihar Nalini Swain, foster mother of tigress Khairi in Odisha, dies at 88\|work=The Hindustan Times\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nihar-nalini-swain-foster-mother-of-tigress-khairi-in-odisha-dies-at-88-101640804306297.html\|access-date=December 29, 2021}}</ref>		1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the [[Khairi]] river.<ref name="Legend behind a legend">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/legend-behind-a-legend/article3219308.ece \| title=Legend behind a legend \| publisher=The Hindu \| date=22 January 2006 \| access-date=9 July 2015 \| author=Hariharan Balakrishnan}}</ref> He and Nihar Nalini Swain, took the cub into their care and converted their quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named ''Khairi'' after the [[Khairi\|river]] she was found near, remained with the couple for number of years even after it was full grown.<ref name="An epic link" /> They also reared several other wild animals at their residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named ''Jumbu'', a blind hyena called ''Baina'' and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chxpu5jU3VYC&q=Saroj+Raj+Choudhury+biography&pg=PA21 \| title=The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects \| publisher=Concept Publications \|author1=R. C. Sharma \|author2=J. J. Dutta \|author3=Suhas Kumar \|author4=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya \| year=2008 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788180695179}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Mohanty\|first=Debabrata\|date=December 30, 2021\|title=Nihar Nalini Swain, foster mother of tigress Khairi in Odisha, dies at 88\|work=The Hindustan Times\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nihar-nalini-swain-foster-mother-of-tigress-khairi-in-odisha-dies-at-88-101640804306297.html\|access-date=December 29, 2021}}</ref>

	Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the ''pugmark methodology'' for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /> Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements,<ref name="Khairi">{{cite web \| url=http://micheal-learns-to-paint.blogspot.ae/2011/12/khairi.html \| title=Khairi \| publisher=Adventure with Colours \| date=22 December 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of [[pheromone]]s,<ref name="Down to Earth" /> which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /><ref name="The aroma of rice ... and tiger">{{cite journal \| title=The aroma of rice ... and tiger \|author1=R. L. Brahmachary \|author2=Mousumi Poddar Sarkar \|author3=J. Dutta \| journal=Nature \|date=March 1990 \| volume=344 \| issue=26 \| pages=26 \| doi=10.1038/344026b0 \| pmid=18278014\|s2cid=4236143 }}</ref> He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers.<ref name="Angle Books profile" /> His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals<ref name="iScholar profile" /><ref name="Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/26871 \| title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| journal=Indian Forester Journal \|date=June 1974 \| volume=100 \| issue=6 \| issn=0019-4816}}</ref> and his autobiographical book, ''Khairi, The Beloved Tigress''.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress"/>		Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the ''pugmark methodology'' for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /> Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements,<ref name="Khairi">{{cite web \| url=http://micheal-learns-to-paint.blogspot.ae/2011/12/khairi.html \| title=Khairi \| publisher=Adventure with Colours \| date=22 December 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of [[pheromone]]s,<ref name="Down to Earth" /> which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /><ref name="The aroma of rice ... and tiger">{{cite journal \| title=The aroma of rice ... and tiger \|author1=R. L. Brahmachary \|author2=Mousumi Poddar Sarkar \|author3=J. Dutta \| journal=Nature \|date=March 1990 \| volume=344 \| issue=26 \| pages=26 \| doi=10.1038/344026b0 \| pmid=18278014\|s2cid=4236143 \| doi-access=free }}</ref> He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers.<ref name="Angle Books profile" /> His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals<ref name="iScholar profile" /><ref name="Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/26871 \| title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| journal=Indian Forester Journal \|date=June 1974 \| volume=100 \| issue=6 \| issn=0019-4816}}</ref> and his autobiographical book, ''Khairi, The Beloved Tigress''.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress"/>

	Choudhury had close ties with other conservationists such as [[Salim Ali]], who supported the initiative to establish Khairi Wildlife Institute, which did not materialise, allegedly due to disinterestedness shown by the authorities.<ref name="Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha">{{cite web \| url=http://satyeshnaik.blogspot.ae/2012_09_01_archive.html \| title=Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha \| publisher=Satyesh Naik \| date=2009 \| access-date=July 9, 2015}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the ~~civilian honour of~~ [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> Choudhury, did not survive Khairi for long,<ref name="An epic link" /><ref name="Legend behind a legend" /> after the tigress was [[Animal euthanasia\|euthanised]] by an overdose of tranquilizers when she contracted rabies from a dog bite.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects" />		Choudhury had close ties with other conservationists such as [[Salim Ali]], who supported the initiative to establish Khairi Wildlife Institute, which did not materialise, allegedly due to disinterestedness shown by the authorities.<ref name="Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha">{{cite web \| url=http://satyeshnaik.blogspot.ae/2012_09_01_archive.html \| title=Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha \| publisher=Satyesh Naik \| date=2009 \| access-date=July 9, 2015}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Shri]], India's fourth-highest civilian honor, in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> Choudhury, did not survive Khairi for long,<ref name="An epic link" /><ref name="Legend behind a legend" /> after the tigress was [[Animal euthanasia\|euthanised]] by an overdose of tranquilizers when she contracted rabies from a dog bite.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects" />

	==Bibliography==		==Bibliography==
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	* {{cite AV media \| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APW43CbcSc0 \| title=Bagha Rani Khairi – Video \| publisher=Kanak TV \| date=6 March 2011 \| people=Akhil Mohan Patnaik \| medium=Documentary}}		* {{cite AV media \| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APW43CbcSc0 \| title=Bagha Rani Khairi – Video \| publisher=Kanak TV \| date=6 March 2011 \| people=Akhil Mohan Patnaik \| medium=Documentary}}

	{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}		{{1900s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Saroj Raj}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Saroj Raj}}
	[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]		[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]

->EponineBunnyKickQueen: /* Biography */ typo

2021-12-30T06:20:30Z

Biography: typo

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2016}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=June 2016}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Saroj Raj Choudhury		\| name = Saroj Raj Choudhury
	\| image =		\| image =
	\| imagesize =		\| imagesize =
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| birth_date =		\| birth_date =
	\| birth_place = Odisha, India		\| birth_place = Odisha, India
	\| death_date =		\| death_date =
	\| death_place =		\| death_place =
	\| restingplace =		\| restingplace =
	\| restingplacecoordinates =		\| restingplacecoordinates =
	\| othername =		\| othername =
	\| occupation = Wildlife conservationist		\| occupation = Wildlife conservationist
	\| yearsactive =		\| yearsactive =
	\| known for = [[Project Tiger]]		\| known for = [[Project Tiger]]
	\| spouse = ~~Suklambari Choudhury~~		\| spouse = Nihar Nalini Swain
	\| domesticpartner =		\| domesticpartner =
	\| children =		\| children =
	\| parents =		\| parents =
	\| website =		\| website =
	\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]		\| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
	}}		}}
	'''Saroj Raj Choudhury''' was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer<ref name="iScholar profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/indianforester/search/authors/view?firstName=Saroj%20Raj&middleName=&lastName=Choudhury&affiliation=&country= \| title=iScholar profile \| publisher=iScholar \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> and the first Forest Conservator under the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref name="Angle Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.anglebooks.com/khairi-the-beloved-tigress-saroj-raj-choudhury.html \| title=Angle Books profile \| publisher=Angle Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> He was also the founder director of the [[Simlipal National Park]], in the [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref name="Down to Earth">{{cite web \| url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/17561 \| title=Down to Earth \| publisher=Down to Earth \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with ''Khairi'', a domesticated tigress.<ref name="Simlipal Heroes">{{cite web \| url=http://www.similipal.org/similipal-heros.php \| title=Simlipal Heroes \| publisher=Simlipal Tiger Reserve \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Copy Cats">{{cite web \| url=http://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/Killer-Cats-Final_Nov-4-2011.pdf \| title=Copy Cats \| publisher=Conservation India \| date=2011 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, ''Khairi: The Beloved Tigress'', written by him and published in 1977.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErzFAAAACAAJ \| title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress \| publisher=Natraj Publishers \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| year=2003 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788185019710}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>		'''Saroj Raj Choudhury''' was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer<ref name="iScholar profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/indianforester/search/authors/view?firstName=Saroj%20Raj&middleName=&lastName=Choudhury&affiliation=&country= \| title=iScholar profile \| publisher=iScholar \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> and the first Forest Conservator under the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref name="Angle Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.anglebooks.com/khairi-the-beloved-tigress-saroj-raj-choudhury.html \| title=Angle Books profile \| publisher=Angle Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> He was also the founder director of the [[Simlipal National Park]], in the [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref name="Down to Earth">{{cite web \| url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/17561 \| title=Down to Earth \| publisher=Down to Earth \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with ''Khairi'', a domesticated tigress.<ref name="Simlipal Heroes">{{cite web \| url=http://www.similipal.org/similipal-heros.php \| title=Simlipal Heroes \| publisher=Simlipal Tiger Reserve \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Copy Cats">{{cite web \| url=http://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/Killer-Cats-Final_Nov-4-2011.pdf \| title=Copy Cats \| publisher=Conservation India \| date=2011 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, ''Khairi: The Beloved Tigress'', written by him and published in 1977.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErzFAAAACAAJ \| title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress \| publisher=Natraj Publishers \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| year=2003 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788185019710}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web \| url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf \| title=Padma Shri \| publisher=Padma Shri \| date=2015 \| access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>
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	Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in [[Odisha]], started his career as a forest officer in [[Government of Odisha]] service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post.<ref name="Abe Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788185019710/Khairi-Beloved-Tigress-Chowdhary-Saroj-8185019711/plp \| title=Abe Books profile \| publisher=Abe Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he was transferred as the head of the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]], founded in 1878 by the German forester, [[Dietrich Brandis]].<ref name="The Indian Forest School">{{cite journal \| url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofsc11scot#page/154/mode/2up \| title=The Indian Forest School \| author=Bailey, F. \| journal=Transactions of the Scottish Arboricultural Society \| year=1885 \| volume=11 \| issue=2 \| pages=155–161}}</ref> When [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of [[Project Tiger]]<ref name="An epic link">{{cite web \| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp \| title=An epic link \| publisher=The Telegraph \| date=25 April 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> with his headquarters in [[Baripada]].<ref name="Simlipal">{{cite web \| url=http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710054707/http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=2015-07-10 \| title=Simlipal \| publisher=Sancharnet \| date=2002 \| access-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>		Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in [[Odisha]], started his career as a forest officer in [[Government of Odisha]] service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post.<ref name="Abe Books profile">{{cite web \| url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788185019710/Khairi-Beloved-Tigress-Chowdhary-Saroj-8185019711/plp \| title=Abe Books profile \| publisher=Abe Books \| date=2015 \| access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he was transferred as the head of the [[Forest Research Institute (India)\|Forest Research Institute]], founded in 1878 by the German forester, [[Dietrich Brandis]].<ref name="The Indian Forest School">{{cite journal \| url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofsc11scot#page/154/mode/2up \| title=The Indian Forest School \| author=Bailey, F. \| journal=Transactions of the Scottish Arboricultural Society \| year=1885 \| volume=11 \| issue=2 \| pages=155–161}}</ref> When [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of [[Project Tiger]]<ref name="An epic link">{{cite web \| url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp \| title=An epic link \| publisher=The Telegraph \| date=25 April 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> with his headquarters in [[Baripada]].<ref name="Simlipal">{{cite web \| url=http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710054707/http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc \| url-status=dead \| archive-date=2015-07-10 \| title=Simlipal \| publisher=Sancharnet \| date=2002 \| access-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>

	1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the [[Khairi]] river.<ref name="Legend behind a legend">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/legend-behind-a-legend/article3219308.ece \| title=Legend behind a legend \| publisher=The Hindu \| date=22 January 2006 \| access-date=9 July 2015 \| author=Hariharan Balakrishnan}}</ref> He took the cub into ~~his~~ care and converted ~~his~~ quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named ''Khairi'' after the [[Khairi\|river]] he was found ~~from~~, remained with ~~Choudhury~~ for number of years even after it was full grown.<ref name="An epic link" /> He also reared several other wild animals at ~~his~~ residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named ''Jumbu'', a blind hyena called ''Baina'' and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chxpu5jU3VYC&q=Saroj+Raj+Choudhury+biography&pg=PA21 \| title=The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects \| publisher=Concept Publications \|author1=R. C. Sharma \|author2=J. J. Dutta \|author3=Suhas Kumar \|author4=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya \| year=2008 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788180695179}}</ref>		1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the [[Khairi]] river.<ref name="Legend behind a legend">{{cite web \| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/legend-behind-a-legend/article3219308.ece \| title=Legend behind a legend \| publisher=The Hindu \| date=22 January 2006 \| access-date=9 July 2015 \| author=Hariharan Balakrishnan}}</ref> He and his wife, Nihar Nalini Swain, took the cub into their care and converted their quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named ''Khairi'' after the [[Khairi\|river]] she was found near, remained with the couple for number of years even after it was full grown.<ref name="An epic link" /> They also reared several other wild animals at their residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named ''Jumbu'', a blind hyena called ''Baina'' and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chxpu5jU3VYC&q=Saroj+Raj+Choudhury+biography&pg=PA21 \| title=The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects \| publisher=Concept Publications \|author1=R. C. Sharma \|author2=J. J. Dutta \|author3=Suhas Kumar \|author4=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya \| year=2008 \| pages=192 \| isbn=9788180695179}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|last=Mohanty\|first=Debabrata\|date=December 30, 2021\|title=Nihar Nalini Swain, foster mother of tigress Khairi in Odisha, dies at 88\|work=The Hindustan Times\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nihar-nalini-swain-foster-mother-of-tigress-khairi-in-odisha-dies-at-88-101640804306297.html\|access-date=December 29, 2021}}</ref>

	Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the ''pugmark methodology'' for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /> Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements,<ref name="Khairi">{{cite web \| url=http://micheal-learns-to-paint.blogspot.ae/2011/12/khairi.html \| title=Khairi \| publisher=Adventure with Colours \| date=22 December 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of [[pheromone]]s,<ref name="Down to Earth" /> which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /><ref name="The aroma of rice ... and tiger">{{cite journal \| title=The aroma of rice ... and tiger \|author1=R. L. Brahmachary \|author2=Mousumi Poddar Sarkar \|author3=J. Dutta \| journal=Nature \|date=March 1990 \| volume=344 \| issue=26 \| pages=26 \| doi=10.1038/344026b0 \| pmid=18278014\|s2cid=4236143 }}</ref> He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers.<ref name="Angle Books profile" /> His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals<ref name="iScholar profile" /><ref name="Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/26871 \| title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| journal=Indian Forester Journal \|date=June 1974 \| volume=100 \| issue=6 \| issn=0019-4816}}</ref> and his autobiographical book, ''Khairi, The Beloved Tigress''.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress"/>		Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the ''pugmark methodology'' for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /> Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements,<ref name="Khairi">{{cite web \| url=http://micheal-learns-to-paint.blogspot.ae/2011/12/khairi.html \| title=Khairi \| publisher=Adventure with Colours \| date=22 December 2011 \| access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of [[pheromone]]s,<ref name="Down to Earth" /> which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /><ref name="The aroma of rice ... and tiger">{{cite journal \| title=The aroma of rice ... and tiger \|author1=R. L. Brahmachary \|author2=Mousumi Poddar Sarkar \|author3=J. Dutta \| journal=Nature \|date=March 1990 \| volume=344 \| issue=26 \| pages=26 \| doi=10.1038/344026b0 \| pmid=18278014\|s2cid=4236143 }}</ref> He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers.<ref name="Angle Books profile" /> His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals<ref name="iScholar profile" /><ref name="Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks">{{cite journal \| url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/26871 \| title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks \| author=Saroj Raj Choudhury \| journal=Indian Forester Journal \|date=June 1974 \| volume=100 \| issue=6 \| issn=0019-4816}}</ref> and his autobiographical book, ''Khairi, The Beloved Tigress''.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress"/>

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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Saroj Raj Choudhury
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Odisha, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Wildlife conservationist
| yearsactive =
| known for = [[Project Tiger]]
| spouse = Suklambari Choudhury
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Saroj Raj Choudhury''' was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer<ref name="iScholar profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/indianforester/search/authors/view?firstName=Saroj%20Raj&middleName=&lastName=Choudhury&affiliation=&country= | title=iScholar profile | publisher=iScholar | date=2015 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> and the first Forest Conservator under the [[Government of Odisha]].<ref name="Angle Books profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.anglebooks.com/khairi-the-beloved-tigress-saroj-raj-choudhury.html | title=Angle Books profile | publisher=Angle Books | date=2015 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> He was also the founder director of the [[Simlipal National Park]], in the [[Mayurbhanj district]] in the Indian state of [[Odisha]].<ref name="Down to Earth">{{cite web | url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/node/17561 | title=Down to Earth | publisher=Down to Earth | date=2015 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with ''Khairi'', a domesticated tigress.<ref name="Simlipal Heroes">{{cite web | url=http://www.similipal.org/similipal-heros.php | title=Simlipal Heroes | publisher=Simlipal Tiger Reserve | date=2015 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="Copy Cats">{{cite web | url=http://www.conservationindia.org/wp-content/files_mf/Killer-Cats-Final_Nov-4-2011.pdf | title=Copy Cats | publisher=Conservation India | date=2011 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, ''Khairi: The Beloved Tigress'', written by him and published in 1977.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErzFAAAACAAJ | title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress | publisher=Natraj Publishers | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | year=2003 | pages=192 | isbn=9788185019710}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri">{{cite web | url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf | title=Padma Shri | publisher=Padma Shri | date=2015 | access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref>

==Biography==
Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in [[Odisha]], started his career as a forest officer in [[Government of Odisha]] service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post.<ref name="Abe Books profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.abebooks.co.uk/9788185019710/Khairi-Beloved-Tigress-Chowdhary-Saroj-8185019711/plp | title=Abe Books profile | publisher=Abe Books | date=2015 | access-date=7 July 2015}}</ref> Later, he was transferred as the head of the [[Forest Research Institute (India)|Forest Research Institute]], founded in 1878 by the German forester, [[Dietrich Brandis]].<ref name="The Indian Forest School">{{cite journal | url=https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofsc11scot#page/154/mode/2up | title=The Indian Forest School | author=Bailey, F. | journal=Transactions of the Scottish Arboricultural Society | year=1885 | volume=11 | issue=2 | pages=155–161}}</ref> When [[Simlipal Tiger Reserve]] was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of [[Project Tiger]]<ref name="An epic link">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110425/jsp/orissa/story_13898581.jsp | title=An epic link | publisher=The Telegraph | date=25 April 2011 | access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> with his headquarters in [[Baripada]].<ref name="Simlipal">{{cite web | url=http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710054707/http://hyderabad.sancharnet.in/bid_simitig/net_similipal_status%20note%20May%202002.doc | url-status=dead | archive-date=2015-07-10 | title=Simlipal | publisher=Sancharnet | date=2002 | access-date=7 July 2015 }}</ref>

1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the [[Khairi]] river.<ref name="Legend behind a legend">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/legend-behind-a-legend/article3219308.ece | title=Legend behind a legend | publisher=The Hindu | date=22 January 2006 | access-date=9 July 2015 | author=Hariharan Balakrishnan}}</ref> He took the cub into his care and converted his quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named ''Khairi'' after the [[Khairi|river]] he was found from, remained with Choudhury for number of years even after it was full grown.<ref name="An epic link" /> He also reared several other wild animals at his residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named ''Jumbu'', a blind hyena called ''Baina'' and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Chxpu5jU3VYC&q=Saroj+Raj+Choudhury+biography&pg=PA21 | title=The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects | publisher=Concept Publications |author1=R. C. Sharma |author2=J. J. Dutta |author3=Suhas Kumar |author4=Ajoy Kumar Bhattacharya | year=2008 | pages=192 | isbn=9788180695179}}</ref>

Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the ''pugmark methodology'' for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /> Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements,<ref name="Khairi">{{cite web | url=http://micheal-learns-to-paint.blogspot.ae/2011/12/khairi.html | title=Khairi | publisher=Adventure with Colours | date=22 December 2011 | access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of [[pheromone]]s,<ref name="Down to Earth" /> which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject.<ref name="Abe Books profile" /><ref name="The aroma of rice ... and tiger">{{cite journal | title=The aroma of rice ... and tiger |author1=R. L. Brahmachary |author2=Mousumi Poddar Sarkar |author3=J. Dutta | journal=Nature |date=March 1990 | volume=344 | issue=26 | pages=26 | doi=10.1038/344026b0 | pmid=18278014|s2cid=4236143 }}</ref> He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers.<ref name="Angle Books profile" /> His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals<ref name="iScholar profile" /><ref name="Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks">{{cite journal | url=http://www.indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/view/26871 | title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester Journal |date=June 1974 | volume=100 | issue=6 | issn=0019-4816}}</ref> and his autobiographical book, ''Khairi, The Beloved Tigress''.<ref name="Khairi: The Beloved Tigress"/>

Choudhury had close ties with other conservationists such as [[Salim Ali]], who supported the initiative to establish Khairi Wildlife Institute, which did not materialise, allegedly due to disinterestedness shown by the authorities.<ref name="Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha">{{cite web | url=http://satyeshnaik.blogspot.ae/2012_09_01_archive.html | title=Salim Ali and Birds of Odisha | publisher=Satyesh Naik | date=2009 | access-date=July 9, 2015}}</ref> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of [[Padma Shri]] in 1983.<ref name="Padma Shri" /> Choudhury, did not survive Khairi for long,<ref name="An epic link" /><ref name="Legend behind a legend" /> after the tigress was [[Animal euthanasia|euthanised]] by an overdose of tranquilizers when she contracted rabies from a dog bite.<ref name="The Wildlife Memoirs: A Forester Recollects" />

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | title=Khairi: The Beloved Tigress | publisher=Natraj Publishers | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | year=2003 | pages=192 | isbn=9788185019710}}
* {{cite journal | title=Maintenance of Wildlife Sanctuaries & Parks | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester | year=1974 | volume=100 | issue=6 | pages=373–390}}
* {{cite journal | title=Forestry and Wildlife Conservation in the Tropics | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester | year=1975 | volume=101 | issue=1 | pages=45–46}}
* {{cite journal | title=Grass Tracer | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester | year=1977 | volume=103 | issue=7 | pages=454–457}}
* {{cite journal | title=Olfaction Ecology of Peak Cudding in Similipal Tigers | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester | year=1977 | volume=103 | issue=9 | pages=577–583}}
* {{cite journal | title=Olfaction, Marking and Oestrus in a Tiger | author=Saroj Raj Choudhury | journal=Indian Forester | year=1980 | volume=106 | issue=4 | pages=233–258}}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Project Tiger]]
* [[Simlipal National Park]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eaVg9vAunfQ | title=Princess Khairi – Part 1 | publisher=Odisha Public Relations, Government of Odisha | date=1998 | people=Abhjit Dasgupta | medium=35mm Documentary}}
* {{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UeaXvAswo3s | title=Princess Khairi – Part 2 | publisher=Odisha Public Relations, Government of Odisha | date=1998 | people=Abhjit Dasgupta | medium=35mm Documentary}}
* {{cite AV media | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=APW43CbcSc0 | title=Bagha Rani Khairi – Video | publisher=Kanak TV | date=6 March 2011 | people=Akhil Mohan Patnaik | medium=Documentary}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Choudhury, Saroj Raj}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Writers from Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian conservationists]]
[[Category:Indian non-fiction environmental writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Odisha]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]