https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=SarjuSarju - Revision history2026-11-06T18:21:15ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarju&diff=156442&oldid=previmported>BD2412: /* top */Typo fixing for Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss, replaced: ,B → , B, ,S → , S, ,t → , t, inline, title → inline,title2021-07-31T21:15:34Z<p><span class="autocomment">top: </span>Typo fixing for <a href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Bharatpedia:Typo_Team/moss" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Typo Team/moss">Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss</a>, replaced: ,B → , B, ,S → , S, ,t → , t, inline, title → inline,title</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{About|the tributary of [[Sharda River|Sharda]]|Sarayu River of Ayodhya|Sarayu}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}<br />
{{Infobox river<br />
| name = Sarju<br />
| name_native = <br />
| name_native_lang = hi<br />
| name_other = <br />
| etymology = <br />
| image = Sarayu River AJTJ P1020789.jpg<br />
| image_size = 300px<br />
| image_caption = Sarju River<br />
| image_alt = Sarju River<br />
| map = <br />
| map_size = <br />
| map_caption = <br />
| map_alt = <br />
| subdivision_type1 = Country<br />
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|India}}<br />
| subdivision_type2 = State<br />
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttarakhand]]<br />
| subdivision_type3 = region<br />
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]]<br />
| subdivision_type4 = <br />
| subdivision_name4 = <br />
| subdivision_type5 = <br />
| subdivision_name5 = <br />
<!---------------------- BASIN --><br />
| source1_location = Sarmul, 15 km south of [[Nanda Kot]]<ref>Sati, Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities, pg-79</ref><br />
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|30|7|58|N|80|1|56|E}}<br />
| source1_elevation = {{Convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />
| mouth_location = [[Sharda River]],<ref>Sharda River is known as Kali Ganga in mountainous regions of Kumaon</ref> [[Uttarakhand]], India<br />
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|29|26|38|N|80|14|33|E|display=inline,title}}<br />
| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|429|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref>Sati, Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities, pg-79</ref><br />
<br />
| progression = <br />
| river_system = <br />
| basin_size = <br />
| basin_landmarks = <br />
| basin_population = <br />
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --><br />
| length = {{convert|130|km|abbr=on}}<br />
| width_min = <br />
| width_avg = <br />
| width_max = <br />
| depth_min = <br />
| depth_avg = <br />
| depth_max = <br />
| discharge1_location= <br />
| discharge1_min = <br />
| discharge1_avg = <br />
| discharge1_max = <br />
<!---------------------- FEATURES --><br />
| tributaries_left = [[Ramganga]], Punger<br />
| tributaries_right = [[Gomati river|Gomati]], Panar, Lahor<br />
| waterbodies = <br />
| waterfalls = <br />
| bridges = <br />
| ports = <br />
| custom_label = <br />
| custom_data = <br />
| extra = <br />
}}<br />
The '''Sarju''' ([[Kumaoni language|Kumaoni]]: सरज्यू, [[Hindi Language|Hindi]]: सरयू), also known as '''Saryu''', is a major river draining Central [[Kumaon Division|Kumaon]] region<ref>Negi, Kumaun: The Land and the People, pg-82</ref> in the [[India]]n state of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>Conder, India, pg-238</ref> Originating from Sarmul, Sarju flows through the cities of Kapkot, Bageshwar and Seraghat before joining Mahakali at Pancheshwar. The Sarju is the largest tributary of the [[Sharda River]].<ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18</ref> The river forms the South-eastern border between the districts of [[Pithoragarh district|Pithoragarh]] and [[Almora district|Almora]].<ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-170</ref><ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-331</ref> Temperate and sub-Tropical forests cover the entire [[Catchment area]] of the River.<ref>Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-120</ref><br />
<br />
==Course==<br />
The Sarju rises at a place known as Sarmul (or Sarmool), which is located in the extreme north of the [[Bageshwar district]] of [[Uttarakhand]]. The source of the river is situated at {{coord|30|7|58|N|80|1|56|E}} on the southern slope of a ridge of the [[Nanda Kot]] and is separated on the east from the source of [[Ramganga]] and on the west from the sources of Kuphini (the eastern branch of [[Pindar river]]) by spurs leading down from the mass culminating at the Nanda Kot peak.<ref>Walton, Almora: A Gazetteer, pg-283</ref> It flows initially around {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} in southwest direction by the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] [[Himalayas]] where it receives Kanalgadh stream from the right and Punger river from the left. About {{convert|2|km|mi|abbr=on}} further downstream, the river receives Lahor river from the right.<ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182</ref> Then the river turns towards south and flows through the city of [[Bageshwar]], where it receives [[Gomati river|Gomati]] from the right.<ref>Budhawar, The Call of the Mountains: Uttrakhand Explored, pg-39</ref><ref>Guneratne, Culture and the Environment in the Himalaya, pg-134</ref><br />
<br />
The Sarju flows to the lower 65&nbsp;km in mainly southeastern direction.<ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182</ref> Much of the drainage of Gangoli region of [[Pithoragarh district]] flows into the river via Bhadrapatigad stream, which flows into it from the left. Similarly, several streams join it from right draining much of the Chaugarkha region situated in [[Almora district]]; notable ones being Gatgadh, Jalairgadh, Bhaurgadh, Alaknadi and Saniaungadh.<ref>Walton, Almora: A Gazetteer, pg-284</ref> About {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=on}} downstream from its confluence with Gomati in Bageshwar, it receives the Panar river from the right. A small river Jaingan gets merge into Sarju river at Seraghat in Almora-Pithoragarh border. About five Km further downstream, at {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} above its mouth, [[Ramganga]] meets the left side on the Sarju at Rameshwar, situated at an elevation of {{convert|1500|ft|m|abbr=on}}. Finally Sarju reaches at [[Pancheshwar]] at the Nepalese border to [[Sharda River]] after travelling a total of {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<br />
<br />
==Geology==<br />
Sarju transfers a sedimental load of 498.4&nbsp;kg/sec during the peak of raining season.<ref>Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-48,49</ref><br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
|+ Water Quality Characteristics of Sarju during water years 1987 and 1988<ref>All values in mg/l except ph and conductivity</ref><ref>Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-97</ref><br />
|-<br />
| '''Parameter''' || [[pH]] || [[Alkalinity]] || [[Hardness of water|Hardness]] || [[Conductivity (electrolytic)|Conductivity]] || [[Calcium]] || [[Magnesium]] || [[Sodium]] || [[Potassium]] || [[Chloride]] || [[Sulphate]]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Value''' || 7.9 || 111.2 || 101.32 || 137.11 || 18.89 || 11.11 || 3.50 || 1.80 || 8.10 || 2.41<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Tributaries==<br />
[[File:Saryu Bagad.jpg|thumb|300px|confluence of [[Gomati river|Gomati]] and Sarju at [[Bageshwar]].]]<br />
<br />
===Gomati===<br />
{{main|Gomati River (Uttarakhand)}}<br />
Gomati river originates in the higher reaches of Bhatkot and merges into Sarju at [[Bageshwar]].<ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19</ref> It flows through the [[Katyuri kings|Katyur]] Valley which constitutes a major Agricultural zone of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]].<ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19</ref><br />
<br />
=== Kuloor ===<br />
The Kuloor river rises above the Bhadrkali Temple near [[Sani-Udiyar]], and flows through Rawatsera, Bans Patan and Ganai Gangoli, before joining the Sarju at Seraghat.<br />
<br />
===Punger===<br />
Punger river rises near village Sangar and joins Sarju from the left at Sartana.<ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-183</ref><br />
<br />
===Lahor===<br />
<br />
Lahor is a small river that joins Sarju from the right.<ref>Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182</ref><br />
<br />
===Panar===<br />
Panar originates on the northern slopes of the Mornaula Range, south-east of [[Almora]].<ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19</ref> Panar joins Sarju near Rameshwar.<ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19</ref><br />
<br />
===Ramganga===<br />
{{main|Ramganga#Ramganga_East}}<br />
Ramganga East is the largest tributary of Sarju. It originates from the [[Namik Glacier]] in [[Pithoragarh district]] of [[Uttarakhand]] and flows towards Southeast.<ref>Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-115</ref><ref>Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18</ref> The river is fed by numerous small and big rivers and finally joins river Sarju at Rameshwar.<ref>Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-48</ref><br />
<br />
==Gallery==<br />
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="120"><br />
File:Camping on saryu river - panoramio.jpg|Camping on saryu river<br />
File:Saryu Bageshwar 02.jpg|Saryu river at [[Bageshwar]]<br />
File:Saryu river - panoramio.jpg|Close-up view of Sarju water flowing<br />
File:Saryu Bageshwar.jpg|Saryu river at [[Bageshwar]]<br />
File:Saryu Jhula Pul 05.jpg|Suspension Bridge over Saryu river at [[Bageshwar]]<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
===Notes===<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
===Bibliography===<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Rawat|first1=Ajay Singh|title=Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People|year=1999|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeQy9ZuvA5sC|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Negi|first1=Sharad Singh|title=Kumaun: The Land and the People|year=1993|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788185182896|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4OR16BYbWDwC|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Negi|first1=Sharad Singh|title=Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers|year=1991|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788185182612|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YtUShKY8zcC|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Bhatt|first1=Shanker D.|last2=Pande|first2=Ravindra K.|title=Ecology of the Mountain Waters|year=1991|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788170243663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=85nG6fprPK8C|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=Josiah|title=India|year=1830|publisher=J. Duncan|url=https://archive.org/details/moderntraveller16condgoog|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Aggarwal|first1=J. C.|last2=Agrawal|first2=S. P.|title=Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future|year=1995|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170225720|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=alRh51xE_v0C|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Bhatt|first1=Shanker D.|last2=Pathak|first2=Jugal K.|title=Himalayan environment, water quality of the drainage basins|year=1992|publisher=Shree Almora Book Depot|isbn=9788190020916|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ke64AAAAIAAJ|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Budhwar|first1=Prem K.|title=The Call of the Mountains: Uttrakhand Explored|year=2010|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=9788124115299|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWuAZvAuTIQC|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Guneratne|first1=Arjun|title=Culture and the Environment in the Himalaya|date=24 December 2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135192877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2qLAgAAQBAJ|language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book|last1=Sati|first1=Vishwambhar Prasad|last2=Kumar|first2=Kamlesh|title=Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities|year=2004|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170998983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ct6YMRvYJQ4C|language=en}}<br />
<br />
{{Hydrography of Uttarakhand}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Rivers of Uttarakhand]]<br />
[[Category:Rivers of India]]</div>imported>BD2412