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'''Sarhul''' is a spring festival in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Jharkhand]]. It is a symbol of commencement of the new year. The festival is celebrated for three days, from the 3rd day of [[Chaitra]] month in Sukla Paksh to [[Chaitra Purnima]]. In the festival, the village priest ''Pahan'' offers sacrifice of flowers, fruit, vermilion, rooster and ''tapan'' (liquor) in Sarna to Sun, village deity and ancestor for good fortune of the village. Then the locals dance holding flowers of the [[Shorea robusta|sal]] tree. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/sarhul-2022-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-festival-celebrated-in-jharkhand-4935917.html|title=All You Need to Know About the Festival Celebrated in Jharkhand|website=news18|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/jharkhand/jharkhand-the-festival-of-nature-is-being-celebrated-in-jharkhand-concrete-arrangements-have-been-made/1142537|title=झारखंड में मनाया जा रहा है प्रकृति का पर्व सरहुल, झूम रहे हैं लोग|website=zeenews|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/ranchi-unique-tradition-on-sarhul-in-jharkhand-festival-dishes-are-prepared-by-putting-hands-in-boiling-oil-jagran-special-22595616.html|title=सरहुल पर अनूठी परंपरा... झारखंड के इस गांव में खौलते तेल में हाथ डालकर बनाए जाते हैं पकवान|website=|date=3 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref> According to the tradition, it also symbolises marriage between the Earth and the Sun.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/bihar-jharkhand/jharkhand/sarhul-festival-celebration-start-on-jharkhand-photos-and-video-viral/1142806|title='सरहुल' पर प्रकृति के रंग में रंग गया झारखंड, हर जगह निकल रही विशाल शोभा यात्राएं|website=zeenews|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref> It is an important festival observed by the [[Kurukh people|Kurukh]] and [[Sadan people|Sadan]].<ref name="Prabhat Prakashan 2022">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9S1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=SA2-PA1|title=JHARKHAND GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 2021|author= Manish Ranjan|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|date=2022|isbn=9789354883002}}</ref> Among Kurukh it is known as '''Khaddi''' (lit. 'flower') in [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]. <br />
[[File:Holy Prayer.jpg|thumb|270x270px|People worshiping under holy sarna tree on the occasion of sarhul in outskirts of Ranchi, Jharkhand.]]<br />
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It is known as ''Hadi Bonga'' among the [[Bhumij people|Bhumijs]], [[Munda people|Mundas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=साल वृक्ष की पूजा कर मांगी सुख-समृद्धि |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-sarhul-puja-at-harina-organised-17699034.html |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is known as [[Baha parab|''Baha'' ''parab'']] among the [[Ho people|Ho]] and [[Santal people|Santal]] people.<ref name="Prabhat khabar1"/><br />
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==Etymology==<br />
Sarhul is the [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] name of the festival. ''Sar'' or ''Sarai'' refers to the sal tree (''[[Shorea robusta]]'') in Nagpuri and ''hul'' means 'collectively', also 'grove'. It symbolises celebrating nature through sal.<ref name="issuu">{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/anupam_purty/docs/sarhul_document|title=SARHUL- Festival of the Mundas'|page=20|website=issuu|author=Anupam Purty|date=10 April 2013|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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Alternative interpretations include:<br />
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• ''Hul'' may refer to 'revolution', which translates to revolution through the sal flowers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ujjwalpradesh.com/utility/sarhul-festival-2022-meaning-of-sarhul-when-celebrates-where-celebrated-importance-of-pooja/|title=सरहुल का अर्थ, सरहुल में केकड़ा का महत्व|website=ujjwalpradesh|date=30 March 2020|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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• ''Sar'' means year and ''hul'' means begin. It symbolises the beginning of a new year.<ref name="festivalsofindia">{{cite news|url=https://www.festivalsofindia.in/Sarhul-Festival|title=Sarhul Festival 2022 - April 04 (Monday)|website=festivalsofindia|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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==The festival==<br />
In this festival people worship in ''[[Sarna (place)|Sarna]]''. Ploughing is forbidden on this day. People fast one day before the festival. Young people collect Sal flowers from the nearby forest and catch crabs and fish. On the occasion of festival people go to Sarna by beating of [[Dhol]], Nagara and [[Madal]]. People worship the Sal tree. Shalai, the flowers of Sal tree, are offered to deities. The village priest ''Pahan'', sometimes called ''Laya'', and ''Pujar'' offer sacrifice to village deity of [[Shorea robusta|Sal]] flowers, fruit, vermilion, three roosters and Tapan (liquor) for good fortune of village. Pahan sacrifices three roosters of different colours, each for Sun, village deities and ancestors. Pahan put water pot in [[Sarna (place)|Sarna]] and next day forecast about weather for next year. Pahan distributes flower of Sal tree among villagers. People worship souls of their ancestors in their home and offer different food to them. Only after offering foods to souls of their ancestors, they eat food. Then they sing, dance in beat of dhol, nagara and mandar, also drink rice beer [[Handia (drink)|Handia]].<ref name="Prabhat khabar1">{{cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/live/sarhul-2022-live-updates-date-importance-and-sigificance-of-tribal-festival-sarhul-parv-ki-shubhkaamnaein-sry-tvi|title=आज मनाया जा रहा है प्रकृति पर्व सरहुल, जानें पूजा विधि और इसका महत्व|website=Prabhat khabar|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/sarhul-2022-jharkhand-tribal-community-is-celebrating-marriage-of-sun-earth-there-is-a-custom-to-make-9-types-of-vegetables-srn|title=धरती के विवाह के रुप में आज आदिवासी समुदाय मना रहा है सरहुल, 9 प्रकार की सब्जियां बनाने का है रिवाज|website=Prabhat khabar|date=4 April 2022|accessdate=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="festivalsofindia"/><br />
[[File:SARHUL IN RANCHI.jpg|thumb|Sarhul dance procession in Ranchi]] <br />
Since year of 1961, procession are being organised in Sarhul festival in Gumla. Before that there was no such procession, people were only dancing near Sarnasthal.<ref name="Prabhat khabar1"/> In urban area, middle class tribal activist have reinvented nature festival Sahul to mark regional identity while in rural areas it is limited to thanksgiving to deities.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oe8uYsl_GD8C&pg=PT234|title=In the Shadows of the State: Indigenous Politics, Environmentalism, and Insurgency in Jharkhand, India|publisher=Duke University Press|author=Alpa Shah|year=2010|isbn=978-0822392934|page=220|access-date=7 April 2022}}</ref><br />
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==Related festivals in India==<br />
There are several festivals which are celebrated as new year across India. Some festival are as follows:<br />
*[[Baha parab]], among [[Ho people|Ho]] and [[Santal people]]<br />
*Rongali [[Bihu]] In Assam<br />
*[[Vaisakhi]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<br />
*[[Pohela Boishakh]] in [[West Bengal]], India<br />
*[[Vishu]] in [[Kerala]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Festivals in India]]<br />
[[Category:Indian traditions]]<br />
[[Category:Festivals in Jharkhand]]<br />
[[Category:Nagpuri culture]]</div>Ajay Kumar