Sardar Ibrahim Khan - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:49, 11 December 2022
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	{{for\|Pakistani politician\|Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=April ~~2022~~}}		{{for\|Pakistani politician\|Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra}}{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2019}}
	{{short description\|Pakistan-occupied Kashmiri politician}}		{{short description\|Pakistan-occupied Kashmiri politician}}
	{{Infobox president		{{Infobox president
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	\| caption = Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan as the 32 years old, first President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in 1948		\| caption = Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan as the 32 years old, first President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in 1948
	\| imagesize = 200px		\| imagesize = 200px
	\| office = [[President of ~~Pakistan-occupied~~ Kashmir]]		\| office = [[President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]
	\| term_start1 = 25 August 1996		\| term_start1 = 25 August 1996
	\| term_end1 = 25 August 2001		\| term_end1 = 25 August 2001
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	==President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir==		==President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir==
	As the first self-proclaimed President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, he was invited by the United Nations to brief the [[General assembly]] on the situation in Kashmir. Under the leadership of Khan, the annual session of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] was held at [[Kotli]] in 1954, and a resolution was passed for the establishment of a proper Legislative Assembly in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. While he and his lieutenants continued to push for a legislative assembly, it wouldn't be until the presidency of General [[Yahya Khan]] in 1969 that the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir Legislative Assembly would be formed. Khan was elected president of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir for the second time on 13 April 1957, and for the third time on 5 June 1975. Sardar Ibrahim was very close to [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] and had formed the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir chapter of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]. In 1977, General [[Zia ul-Haq]] dissolved Bhutto's government, and offered to allow Khan to continue as president as long as he stopped supporting Bhutto. Khan refused to betray Bhutto, resulting in his termination as president through a proclamation issued by [[General Zia Ul-Haq]], the Chairman of ~~Pakistan-occupied~~ Kashmir Council, on 30 October 1978. Khan, however, was elected again as the President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in August 1996. He remained in office until August 2001 and was the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir president four times in his lifetime.<ref name="Dawn"/><ref name="sardars"/><ref name=StoryOfPakistan/>		As the first self-proclaimed President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, he was invited by the United Nations to brief the [[General assembly]] on the situation in Kashmir. Under the leadership of Khan, the annual session of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] was held at [[Kotli]] in 1954, and a resolution was passed for the establishment of a proper Legislative Assembly in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. While he and his lieutenants continued to push for a legislative assembly, it wouldn't be until the presidency of General [[Yahya Khan]] in 1969 that the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir Legislative Assembly would be formed. Khan was elected president of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir for the second time on 13 April 1957, and for the third time on 5 June 1975. Sardar Ibrahim was very close to [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] and had formed the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir chapter of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]. In 1977, General [[Zia ul-Haq]] dissolved Bhutto's government, and offered to allow Khan to continue as president as long as he stopped supporting Bhutto. Khan refused to betray Bhutto, resulting in his termination as president through a proclamation issued by [[General Zia Ul-Haq]], the Chairman of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, on 30 October 1978. Khan, however, was elected again as the President of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir in August 1996. He remained in office until August 2001 and was the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir president four times in his lifetime.<ref name="Dawn"/><ref name="sardars"/><ref name=StoryOfPakistan/>

	==Death and legacy==		==Death and legacy==
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	{{s-bef\|before= Post Created}}		{{s-bef\|before= Post Created}}
	{{s-ttl\|title= President of [[~~Pakistan-occupied~~ Kashmir]]\|years= 1948–1950}}		{{s-ttl\|title= President of [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]\|years= 1948–1950}}
	{{s-aft\|after= Captain Syed Ali Ahmed Shah }}		{{s-aft\|after= Captain Syed Ali Ahmed Shah }}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:39, 14 November 2021
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	'''Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan''' (22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was the key instigator of the [[1947 Poonch rebellion\|1947 Poonch Rebellion]] and the establishment of [[Azad Kashmir]]. He served as the first [[President of Azad Kashmir\|President]] of Azad Kashmir.		'''Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan''' (22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was the key instigator of the [[1947 Poonch rebellion\|1947 Poonch Rebellion]] and the establishment of [[Azad Kashmir]]. He served as the first [[President of Azad Kashmir\|President]] of Azad Kashmir. His dismissal led to the [[1955 Poonch Uprising]] against Pakistan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History\|last=Snedden\|first=Christopher\|publisher=Harper Collins Publishers\|year=2013\|isbn=978-9350298978\|location=India}}</ref>

	==Early life and education==		==Early life and education==
	Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan was born on 22 April 1915 in Kot Mattay Khan, a village in the [[Historical Poonch District\|Poonch]] District of Kashmir to an elite [[Sudhan]] family from one of the [[Sadozai (Pashtun tribe)\|Sadozai]] [[Pashtuns\|Pashtun]] tribe..<ref>{{cite book\|last=Schofield\|first=Victoria\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaT3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT109&dq=sardar+ibahim+khan+suddhan\|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|year=2003\|isbn=9780857730787}}</ref> He received his primary education in his village. He attended college and received a Bachelors of Arts degree in 1937 at [[Islamia College (Lahore)]] and sought higher education abroad in 1938. He obtained his LLB degree from the [[University of London]] in 1941. Khan then obtained a law degree from [[Lincoln's Inn]], and later started practicing law at [[Srinagar]], Kashmir.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/sardar-muhammad-ibrahim-khan/ Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan - profile on Story Of Pakistan website] Published 4 January 2008, Retrieved 26 January 2021</ref>		Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan was born on 22 April 1915 in Kot Mattay Khan, a village in the [[Historical Poonch District\|Poonch]] District of Kashmir to an elite [[Sudhan]] family from one of the [[Sadozai (Pashtun tribe)\|Sadozai]] [[Pashtuns\|Pashtun]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book\|last=Schofield\|first=Victoria\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaT3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT109&dq=sardar+ibahim+khan+suddhan\|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War\|publisher=I.B.Tauris\|year=2003\|isbn=9780857730787}}</ref> He received his primary education in his village. He attended college and received a Bachelors of Arts degree in 1937 at [[Islamia College (Lahore)]] and sought higher education abroad in 1938. He obtained his LLB degree from the [[University of London]] in 1941. Khan then obtained a law degree from [[Lincoln's Inn]], and later started practicing law at [[Srinagar]], Kashmir.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/sardar-muhammad-ibrahim-khan/ Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan - profile on Story Of Pakistan website] Published 4 January 2008, Retrieved 26 January 2021</ref>

	== 1947 Poonch rebellion ==		== 1947 Poonch rebellion ==
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	[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]		[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
	[[Category:Government Islamia College alumni]]		[[Category:Government Islamia College alumni]]
			[[Category:Writers about the Kashmir conflict]]

imported>KhanShuja313: /* Early life and education */

2021-08-10T16:01:41Z

Early life and education

New page

{{for|Pakistani politican|Mohammad Ibrahim Khan Jhagra}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{Infobox president
| name = Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan
| image = Sardar M. Ibrahim Khan.jpg
| caption = Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan as the 32 years old, first President of Azad Kashmir in 1948
| imagesize = 200px
| office = [[President of Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]
| term_start1 = 25 August 1996
| term_end1 = 25 August 2001
| predecessor1 = Abdul Rashid Abbasi (interim)
| successor1 = [[Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan]]
| term_start2 = 5 June 1975
| term_end2 = 30 October 1978
| predecessor2 = [[Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan]]
| successor2 = Brigadier Muhammad Hayat Khan
| term_start3 = 13 April 1957
| term_end3 = 30 April 1959
| predecessor3 = [[Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan]]
| successor3 = [[Khurshid Hasan Khurshid]]
| term_start4 = 24 October 1947
| term_end4 = 12 May 1950
| successor4 = Captain General Syed Ali Ahmed Shah
| party = [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]], [[Jammu Kashmir Peoples Party]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1915|04|10}}
| birth_place = Kot Mattay Khan, [[Poonch District, Pakistan|Poonch district]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Kashmir and Jammu]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2003|07|31|1915|04|10}}<ref name="Dawn">[https://www.dawn.com/news/133043 Obituary and profile of Muhammad Ibrahim Khan] Dawn (newspaper), Published 1 August 2003, Retrieved 25 January 2021</ref>
| death_place = [[Islamabad]], [[Pakistan]]
| spouse = Zaib-un-Nisa Khan
| relations = {{Plainlist|
* Sardar Jawaid Ibrahim Khan (Son)
* [[Sardar Khalid Ibrahim Khan]] (Son) (MLA)
* Uft-e-Huma (Daughter)
* Sardar Farooq Ibrahim Khan (Son)
* Noreen Farooq Khan (Daughter-In-Law) (MNA)
* [[Masood Khan]] (President of [[Azad Kashmir]] - grand nephew)
}}
}}

'''Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan''' (22 April 1915 – 31 July 2003) was the key instigator of the [[1947 Poonch rebellion|1947 Poonch Rebellion]] and the establishment of [[Azad Kashmir]]. He served as the first [[President of Azad Kashmir|President]] of Azad Kashmir.

==Early life and education==
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan was born on 22 April 1915 in Kot Mattay Khan, a village in the [[Historical Poonch District|Poonch]] District of Kashmir to an elite [[Sudhan]] family from one of the [[Sadozai (Pashtun tribe)|Sadozai]] [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] tribe..<ref>{{cite book|last=Schofield|first=Victoria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iaT3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT109&dq=sardar+ibahim+khan+suddhan|title=Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2003|isbn=9780857730787}}</ref> He received his primary education in his village. He attended college and received a Bachelors of Arts degree in 1937 at [[Islamia College (Lahore)]] and sought higher education abroad in 1938. He obtained his LLB degree from the [[University of London]] in 1941. Khan then obtained a law degree from [[Lincoln's Inn]], and later started practicing law at [[Srinagar]], Kashmir.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan>[https://storyofpakistan.com/sardar-muhammad-ibrahim-khan/ Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan - profile on Story Of Pakistan website] Published 4 January 2008, Retrieved 26 January 2021</ref>

== 1947 Poonch rebellion ==
{{Further|1947 Poonch Rebellion}}[[Sardar Ibrahim|Ibrahim Khan]] played a pivotal role in the instigation of the [[1947 Poonch rebellion]] and the [[First Kashmir War]]. In British India of 1946, he won the Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly election as a member of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference|Muslim Conference]] party and became a member of the Praja Sabha under Maharajah Hari Singh, Jammu and Kashmir ruler. This ruler signed a 'stand-still agreement' with Pakistan as a result of the [[Indian Independence Act 1947]]. In 1947, Ibrahim Khan instigated and organised the [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|Poonch rebellion]], and with [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], planned and helped in the invasion and liberation of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Muslim Kashmiri leaders saw it as a liberation of Muslim-majority Kashmir from the Hindu ruler.<ref name="sardars" />

On 19 July 1947, Khan held a general assembly meeting at his residence where a resolution was unanimously passed for the State of Kashmir to join Pakistan. The Maharaja, [[Hari Singh]], disapproved of his actions, and Khan left the state and went to [[Murree]], Pakistan. In Murree, he gathered ammunition from private individuals and organizations. With several fellow Kashmiris, he launched a ‘Jihad’ against the Maharaja. On 24 October 1947, he defeated the forces of the Maharaja in the [[1947 Poonch Rebellion|Poonch rebellion]] and founded the state of [[Azad Kashmir]], which became a self-governing division of Pakistan.<ref name="sardars" /><ref name="StoryOfPakistan" />

After fighting the Indian Army for 15 months, the Azad Kashmir militia accepted a United Nations-mediated [[United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan|ceasefire]]. Khan and his army were able to capture substantial portions of the three western districts of Kashmir, which were renamed [[Azad Kashmir]] (Free Kashmir).

Khan was appointed the first [[President (government title)|President]] of tiny [[Azad Kashmir]] in 1948 by Pakistan. He represented Kashmir in different capacities at the United Nations from 1948 to 1971.<ref name="sardars">[http://sardarsofkashmir.webs.com/ Profile of Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on sardarsofkashmir.webs.com website] Retrieved 25 January 2021</ref>

Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan also wrote a book named ''The Kashmir Saga'' on government and politics of Azad Kashmir and included the history and philosophy of freedom struggle in the book.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Kashmir_Saga.html?id=Kzw-AAAAMAAJ The Kashmir Saga, a book by Muhammad Ibrahim Khan on Google Books website] Retrieved 28 January 2021</ref>

== 1955 Poonch uprising ==
{{Further|1955 Poonch Uprising}}

Khan's dismissal is widely regarded as the trigger to the 1955 uprising in [[Poonch Division]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kashmir - The Untold Story |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |publisher=HarperCollins India |isbn=9789350298985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1937 |pages=120, 121, 122}}</ref>

==Professional and political career==
Under the Maharajah's rule in 1943, Khan was appointed as a public prosecutor in [[Mirpur, Azad Kashmir|Mirpur]].<ref name="sardars"/> He later worked at the State Advocate General office of Jammu and Kashmir. Then he left the government job to participate in the [[Kashmir Freedom Movement]], and ran for and won the 1946 Jammu and Kashmir State Assembly elections. He went on to serve three more terms in office until August 2001, when he had to leave due to old age. He retired at the age of 86. He also established the organization called Azad Muslim Conference.<ref name=StoryOfPakistan/>

==President of Azad Kashmir==
As the first self-proclaimed President of Azad Kashmir, he was invited by the United Nations to brief the [[General assembly]] on the situation in Kashmir. Under the leadership of Khan, the annual session of the [[All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference]] was held at [[Kotli]] in 1954, and a resolution was passed for the establishment of a proper Legislative Assembly in Azad Kashmir. While he and his lieutenants continued to push for a legislative assembly, it wouldn't be until the presidency of General [[Yahya Khan]] in 1969 that the Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly would be formed. Khan was elected president of Azad Kashmir for the second time on 13 April 1957, and for the third time on 5 June 1975. Sardar Ibrahim was very close to [[Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto]] and had formed the Azad Kashmir chapter of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]]. In 1977, General [[Zia ul-Haq]] dissolved Bhutto's government, and offered to allow Khan to continue as president as long as he stopped supporting Bhutto. Khan refused to betray Bhutto, resulting in his termination as president through a proclamation issued by [[General Zia Ul-Haq]], the Chairman of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council, on 30 October 1978. Khan, however, was elected again as the President of Azad Kashmir in August 1996. He remained in office until August 2001 and was the Azad Kashmir president four times in his lifetime.<ref name="Dawn"/><ref name="sardars"/><ref name=StoryOfPakistan/>

==Death and legacy==
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan died at his [[Islamabad]], Pakistan home on 31 July 2003 after a long illness at age 88.<ref name="Dawn"/> President [[Pervez Musharraf]] and Prime Minister [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] paid tributes to him in their condolence messages.<ref name="Dawn"/>

Due to his services to Kashmir freedom struggle, he is known among the people of Kashmir as:
* '''Bani-e-Kashmir''' ("Founder of Azad Kashmir")<ref name="sardars"/><ref name=Dawn2/>
* '''Ghazi-e-Millat''' ("Hero of the Nation") <ref name=Dawn2>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1132413/foundation-stone-of-memorial-for-first-ajk-president-laid |title=Foundation stone of memorial for first AJK president laid|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|date= 17 September 2014|access-date=25 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="sardars"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1823883/ajk-president-pays-tribute-sardar-ibrahim-khan |title=AJK president pays tribute to Sardar Ibrahim Khan|author=Mamir |newspaper=The Express Tribune (newspaper)|date=12 October 2018|access-date=26 January 2021}}</ref>

{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before= Post Created}}
{{s-ttl|title= President of [[Azad Jammu and Kashmir]]|years= 1948–1950}}
{{s-aft|after= Captain Syed Ali Ahmed Shah }}

{{s-bef|before=[[Dost Muhammad Khosa]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=2nd term|years=1957–1959}}
{{s-aft|after= Khurshid Hassan Khurshid}}

{{s-bef|before=[[Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=3rd term|years=1975–1978}}
{{s-aft|after=Muhammad Hayat Khan }}

{{s-bef|before= [[Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan]] }}
{{s-ttl|title=4th term|years=1996–2001}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan]] }}
{{s-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{citation |first=Christopher |last=Snedden |author-link=Christopher Snedden |title=Kashmir: The Unwritten History |publisher=HarperCollins India |year=2013 |isbn=978-9350298985 |orig-year=first published as ''The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir'', 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ}}
* {{citation |first=Victoria |last=Schoefield |author-link=Victoria Schofield |title=Kashmir in Conflict |publisher=I. B. Taurus & Co |location=London and New York |year=2003 |orig-year=First published in 2000 |isbn=1860648983 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/00book584554548 }}

{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Presidents of Azad Kashmir}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Sardar M. Ibrahim}}
[[Category:1915 births]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:People of the 1947 Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]]
[[Category:Members of Lincoln's Inn]]
[[Category:Pakistan Movement activists from Kashmir]]
[[Category:People from Poonch District, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Presidents of Azad Kashmir]]
[[Category:People of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]]
[[Category:Government Islamia College alumni]]