174.22.115.89: fixed issues

2026-05-04T11:03:04Z

fixed issues

>Uranium Site: Reverted 1 edit by 2401:4900:314C:B47A:2103:46E0:F383:8786 (talk) to last revision by Rdp060707

2021-06-27T05:49:10Z

Reverted 1 edit by 2401:4900:314C:B47A:2103:46E0:F383:8786 (talk) to last revision by Rdp060707

New page

{{short description|Indian Bengali writer (1879 - 1938)}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
| image = Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay portrait.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|09|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Debanandapur]], [[Hooghly district]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[West Bengal, India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1938|01|16|1876|09|17|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now [[Kolkata, West Bengal]])
| occupation = Writer, novelist
| language = Bengali
| nationality = British Indian
| period = 19th century-20th century
| genre =
| subject =
| movement = [[Bengali Renaissance]]
| notableworks = ''[[Srikanta (book)|Srikanta]]'' ''[[Choritrohin]]'' ''[[Devdas]]'' ''[[Parineeta (novel)|Parineeta]]'' ''[[Pather Dabi|Pother Dabi]]''
| spouse = Shanti devi (m. 1906–1908) Hironmoyi devi (m. 1910–1938)
| partner =
| children =
| awards = Jagattarini award by [[Calcutta University]]
| signature = Signature of Sarat-Chandra-Chattopadhyay.svg
| website = {{url|sharat.eduliture.com}}
}}
'''Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay''', alternatively spelt as '''Sarat Chandra Chatterjee''' (15 September 1876 – 16 January 1938), was a [[Bengali people|Bengali]] novelist and short story writer of the early 20th century. Most of his works deal with the lifestyle, tragedy and struggle of the village people and the contemporary social practices that prevailed in Bengal. He remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author of all time.<ref>{{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8172017987|access-date = 9 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-15|title=Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay — Vagabond Messiah {{!}} FCCI|url=https://filmcriticscircle.com/journal/sarat-chandra-chattopadhyay-vagabond-messiah/|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Journal of Indian Cinema|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September 1876,<ref name="Sarker1977">{{cite journal|last=Sarker|first=Subhash Chandra|title=Sarat Chandra Chatterjee: The Great Humanist|date=January–February 1977|journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]]|volume=20|issue=1|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|location=New Delhi|pages=50|jstor=24157548}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> in [[Debanandapur]], a small village in [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]], [[West Bengal]].<ref name="KMGeorge1997">{{cite book|editor-last=George|editor-first=K. M.|editor-link=K. M. George (writer)|title=Masterpieces of Indian literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXFOAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=[[National Book Trust]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-237-1978-8|page=187}}</ref>
[[File:Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay birth place.jpg|thumb|Birthplace of Sarat Chandra in [[Debanandapur]], Hooghly]]

Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. His education began at Pyari Pandit's pathshala, an informal village school and later he joined Hooghly Branch High School.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Suresh|first1=edited by Sushama|title=Who's who on Indian stamps|date=1999|publisher=Mohan B. Daryanani|location=Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Angel Guimera, 11)|isbn=8493110108|page=73|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZPtAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> He was a good student and got a double promotion that enabled him to skip a grade.<ref name="sarat-rachanabali.nltr.org">{{Cite web|title = শরৎ রচনাবলী {{!}} Sarat Rachanabali|url = http://www.sarat-rachanabali.nltr.org/lifehistory.jsp|website = www.sarat-rachanabali.nltr.org|access-date = 30 October 2015}}</ref> He passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at the end of Class X) but could not take his F.A. (First Arts) examination or attend college due to lack of funds.<ref>{{Cite web|title = The mortals of Devdas|url = http://www.frontline.in/arts-and-culture/the-mortals-of-devdas/article6719027.ece|date = 9 January 2015|first = BY J. N.|last = Sinha}}</ref>

Sarat Chandra spent most of his [https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/saratchandra-chattopadhyay-literary-giant-who-is-timeless/story-RdYItBkYFQvxrIuCVZLFKO.html childhood at his maternal uncle's home in Bhagalpur], Bihar. There, he attended the Durga Charan Balak Vidyalay. He wrote his famous book "Devdas" in Bhagalpur and is said to be somehow his own story, while he visited Jogsar a Red-light area to meet Chandramukhi.

==House of Chattopadhyay==
{{Main|Sarat Chandra Kuthi}}
After returning from Burma, Chattopadhyay stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made a house in the village of [[Samta, India|Samta]], in 1923, where he spent the later twelve years of his life as a novelist. His house is known as [[Sarat Chandra Kuthi]]. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami Vedananda, who was a disciple at [[Belur Math]]. His and his brother's ''samadhi'' are within the house's compound. Trees like bamboo and guava planted by the renowned author still stand tall in the gardens of the house.<ref>[http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/tourist.html House of Sarat Chandra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823221452/http://www.howrah.gov.in/Templates/tourist.html |date=23 August 2011 }}</ref>

==Appreciation==
The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some of the most prominent writers as well as literary critics across India in their writings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8172017987|access-date = 9 April 2015}}</ref> Most of the authors in [[Assam]] and [[Odisha]], at least before the Independence, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of India read him in translations in varying quality. Publishers were never tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most translated, the most adapted and the most plagiarized author.<ref name=":0" /> His novels also reached a number of people through the medium of film and he is still an important force in Indian cinema. [[O. N. V. Kurup]]<ref name=":0" /> writes "...Sarat Chandra's name is cherished as dearly as the names of eminent [[Malayalam]] novelists. His name has been a household word". Dr Mirajkar<ref>{{Cite web|title = A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy{{!}}South Asia Books (1 September 1995)|url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8172017987|access-date = 9 April 2015}}</ref> informs "the translations of Sarat Chandra created a stir amongst the readers and writers all over [[Maharashtra]]. He has become a known literary personality in [[Maharashtra]] in the rank of any popular [[Marathi language|Marathi]] writers including H. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar". Jainendra Kumar,<ref name=":0" /> who considers that his contribution towards the creation and preservation of cultural India is second, perhaps, only to that of [[Gandhi]], asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the role of translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]; but where is that [[Languages of India|Indian]] language in which he did not become the most popular when he reached it?"

==Films==
His works have been made into around fifty films in many Indian languages.<ref name=":0" /> Particularly, his novel ''[[Devdas]]'' has been made into [[Devdas (disambiguation)|sixteen versions]], from Bengali, Hindi to Telugu. ''[[Parineeta (novel)|Parineeta]]'' has also been made thrice in Hindi. In 1957 ''[[Bardidi]]'' was made by director [[Ajoy Kar]]. ''[[Rajlakshmi O Srikanta]]'' and ''[[Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi]]'' by Haridas Bhattacharya in 1958 and 1959 respectively, ''[[Majhli Didi]]'' (1967) by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]] and ''[[Swami (1977 film)|Swami]]'' (1977), for which he was awarded the [[Filmfare Award for Best Story]], are other adaptations. Another famous film ''[[Chhoti Bahu]]'' (1971) is based on his novel ''Bindur Chhele''. His novel 'Datta' was adapted into a Bengali film as [[Datta (film)]] in 1951 directed by Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee and Manoranjan Bhattacharyya in the lead roles with [[Ahindra Choudhury]] as Rashbehari,<ref>YouTube</ref><ref>Moviebuff</ref> and again in 1976 starring [[Suchitra Sen]] and [[Soumitra Chatterjee]] in the lead roles. The film [[Sabyasachi (film)|''Sabyasachi'' (film)]] was released in 1977 based on his work ''Pather Dabi''.
The other movies based on his novel were ''Nishkriti'', and ''[[Apne Paraye]]'' (1980) by [[Basu Chatterjee]], starring Amol Palekar.<ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema|author=Gulzar |author-link=Gulzar |author2=Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|isbn=81-7991-066-0 |page=337 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC }}</ref> The Telugu film ''[[Thodi Kodallu]]'' (1957) is also based on this novel. [[Gulzar]]'s 1975 film, ''[[Khushboo (1975 film)|Khushboo]]'' is majorly inspired by his work ''Pandit Mashay''. The 1961 Telugu film ''[[Vagdanam]]'' by [[Acharya Atreya]] is loosely based on his novel ''Datta''. Also the 2011 film ''Aalo Chhaya'' is based on his short story, ''Aalo O Chhaya''.'Chandranath'is also another film made based on his novel in the year 1957 and Suchitra Sen and Uttam Kumar played the main role.

== Bibliography ==
Sarat Chandra wrote novels, novellas, and stories.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the 'Awara Masiha'|url = http://indianexpress.com/article/india/remembering-sarat-chandra-chattopadhyay-the-awara-masiha-on-his-139th-birth-anniversary/|website = The Indian Express|date = 15 September 2015|access-date = 30 October 2015}}</ref>

His first novel was ''[[Bardidi|Badadidi]]'' (1907), which was published in the ''Bharati'' and made him well known. He went on to write several stories and novels, including
*''Bindur Chhele O Anyanya'' (1914)
*''[[Parineeta (novel)|Parinita]]'' (1916)
*''Baikunther Will'' (1916)
*''Pallisomaj'' (1916)
*''[[Devdas]]'' (1917)
*''[[Choritrohin]]'' (1917)
*''Nishkrti'' (1917)
*''[[Srikanta (book)|Shrikanta]]'' (Part 1–4, 1917–1933)
*''[[Datta (film)|Datta]]'' (1918)
*''Grihadaha'' (1920)
*''Dena-Paona'' (1923)
*''[[Pather Dabi|Pother Dabi]]'' (1926)
*''Shes Proshno'' (1931)

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in ''Narir Mulya'' (1923) and ''Svadesh O Sahitya'' (1932). ''Shrikanta'', ''Charitrahin'', ''Devdas'', ''Grihadaha'', ''Dena-Paona'' and ''Pather Dabi'' are among his most popular works. ''Pather Dabi'' was banned by the British Government because of its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include ''Chhelebelar Galpa'', ''Shubhada'' (1938), ''Sheser Parichay'' (1939), ''Sharat Chandrer Granthabali'' (1948) and ''Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali'' (1951).

He wrote some essays including ''Narir Itihas'' (The History of Women) and ''Narir Mulya'' (The Value of Women). ''Narir Itihas'', which was lost in a house fire, contained a history of women on the lines of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the second, ''Narir Mulya'' gives a theory of women's rights in the context of [[John Stuart Mill|Mill]]'s and [[Herbert Spencer|Spencer]]'s arguments.<ref name="Shandilya2017">{{cite book|last=Shandilya|first=Krupa|title=Intimate Relations: Social Reform and the Late Nineteenth-Century South Asian Novel|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/49217|year=2017|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-3424-9|page=46|via=[[Project MUSE]]}}{{Subscription required}}</ref>

'''Stories'''
* ''Aalo O Chhaya''
* ''Abhagir Swargo''
* ''Anupamar Prem''
* ''Anuradha''
* ''Andhare Aalo''
* ''Balya Smriti''
* ''Bilashi''
* ''Bindur Chhele'', (Bindu's Son) 1913
* ''Bojha''
* ''Cheledhora''
* ''Chobi''
* ''Darpochurno'' (Broken Pride)
* ''Ekadoshi Bairagi''
* ''Kashinath''
* ''Haricharan''
* ''Harilakshmi''
* ''Lalu'' (parts 1, 2, and 3)
* ''Mamlar Phol''
* ''Mandir''
* ''Mahesh'' (The Drought)
* ''Mejdidi''
* ''Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini''
* ''Paresh''
* ''Path Nirdesh''
* ''Ramer Shumoti'', (Ram's Good Sense) 1914
* ''Sati''
* ''Swami'' (The Husband)<ref name="penguinqa.srijan-sites.com">{{Cite web|title = Classic Saratchandra {{!}} Penguin Books India|url = http://penguinqa.srijan-sites.com/en/content/classic-saratchandra|website = penguinqa.srijan-sites.com|access-date = 30 October 2015}}</ref>

'''Plays'''
Sarat Chandra converted three of his works into plays.
* ''Bijoya''
* ''Rama''
* ''Shoroshi''
* ''Jai hind''

'''Essays'''
* ''Narir Mulya''
* ''Swadesh O Sahitya''
* ''Taruner Bidroho''

'''Other works'''
* ''Dehati Samaj'', 1920
* ''Sharoda'' (published posthumously)

'''Biography'''
*''Awara Masiha ' (in Hindi) by Vishnu Prabhakar<ref name="Hindu Jan 2015">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/hindi-belt-a-glimpse-into-an-unfamiliar-world/article6815242.ece |title=Hindi Belt: A glimpse into an unfamiliar world|work=The Hindu|date= 23 January 2015|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Express November 2015">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/remembering-sarat-chandra-chattopadhyay-the-awara-masiha-on-his-139th-birth-anniversary/|title=Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the 'Awara Masiha'|publisher=Indian Express |date=15 September 2015 |access-date=2 November 2016}}</ref>
*''Great Vagabond: Biography and Immortal Works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee''<ref>{{cite book|title=Great Vagabond: Biography and Immortal Works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee|authors= Vishnu Prabhakar and (tr.) Jai Ratan|publisher=South Asia Books|year=1990}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[:Category:Films based on works by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay|Films based on works by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
* [[Samta (India)|Samtaber]], the village where Sarat Chandra spent his life's early years as a novelist
* [[Sarat Chandra Kuthi]], the house of Sarat Chandra at [[Samtaber]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Notes ===
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* Ganguly, Swagato. "Introduction". In ''[[Parineeta (novel)|Parineeta]]'' by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2005. (English translation)
* Guha, Sreejata. "Introduction". In ''[[Devdas]]'' by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2002. (English translation)
* Roy, Gopalchandra. ''Saratchandra'', [[Ananda Publishers]] Pvt. Ltd., [[Kolkata]]
* ''Sarat Rachanabali'', Ananda Publishers Pvt. Ltd., [[Kolkata]]
* [[Prithwindra Mukherjee]]. "Introduction" in ''[[Mahesh et autres nouvelles]]'' by Saratchandra Chatterji. Paris: Unesco/Gallimard, 1978. (French translation of ''Mahesh'', ''[[Bindur chhele]]'' and ''[[Mejdidi]]'' by [[Prithwindra Mukherjee]]. Foreword by [[Jean Filliozat]])
* Dutt, A. K. and Dhussa, R. "Novelist Sarat Chandra's perception of his Bengali home region: a literary geographic study". Springer Link
* [[Sil, Narasingha Prasad]]. ''The life of Sharatchandra Chattopadhyay: drifter and dreamer''. [[Fairleigh Dickinson University Press]], 2012.
* Das, Sisir Kumar, "A History of Indian Literature 1911–1956: Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy", South Asia Books (1 September 1995), {{ISBN|8172017987}}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* ''[http://in.rediff.com/movies/2005/jun/20mspec.htm The man behind Devdas, Parineeta]'
* {{imdb name|0154158}}
*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/saratchandra-chattopadhyay-literary-giant-who-is-timeless/story-RdYItBkYFQvxrIuCVZLFKO.html Saratchandra Chattopadhyay: Literary Giant who is Timeless]

{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestStory}}
{{Devdas}}
{{Parineeta}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chattopadhyay, Sharat Chandra}}
[[Category:Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:People from Howrah]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Poets from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Novelists from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Deaths from liver cancer]]

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay - Revision history

174.22.115.89: fixed issues

>Uranium Site: Reverted 1 edit by 2401:4900:314C:B47A:2103:46E0:F383:8786 (talk) to last revision by Rdp060707