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{{Short description|Plucked string instrument}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox instrument
|name = Saraswati veena
|image = Veena.png|background = string
|names = Saraswati guitar|classification = string
|related =|musicians =[[Veenai Dhanammal]], [[Sundaram Balachander]], [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti Babu]], [[Kalpakam Swaminathan]], [[E. Gayathri]], [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]], [[Rajhesh Vaidhya]], [[Punya Srinivas]]
|developed =
|range =
|articles = [[Rudra veena]], [[Vichitra veena]], [[Chitra veena]]
|image_capt = Saraswati veena
| sound sample = [[File:Veena Kinhal, song Haratanaya Sree, from the album '"Tribute to Veena Raja Rao".ogg|thumb|center|Veena Kinhal, song ''Haratanaya Sree'', from the album '"Tribute to Veena Raja Rao"]]}}

The '''Sarasvati vīṇa''' (also spelled '''Saraswati vina''') ([[Sanskrit]]/[[Hindi]]: सरस्वती वीणा (vīṇā), {{lang-bn|সরস্বতী বীণা}}, {{lang-te|సరస్వతి వీణ}}, {{lang-kan|ಸರಸ್ವತಿ ವೀಣೆ}}, {{lang-ta|சரஸ்வதி வீணை}}) is an Indian plucked [[veena]]. It is named after the Hindu goddess [[Saraswati]], who is usually depicted holding or playing the instrument. Also known as ''raghunatha veena'' is used mostly in [[Carnatic music|Carnatic Indian classical music]]. There are several variations of the veena, which in its South Indian form is a member of the [[lute]] family. One who plays the veena is referred to as a ''vainika''.

The Saraswati veena is one of major types of [[veena]] today. The others include [[chitra veena]], [[vichitra veena]] and [[rudra veena]]. Out of these the rudra and vichitra veenas are used more often in [[Hindustani music]], while the Saraswati veena and the [[chitra veena]] are used more frequently in the [[Carnatic music]] of [[South India]]. They can be used to play either traditional music or contemporary music.

==History==
The veena has a recorded history that dates back to the approximately 1700 BCE. In ancient times, the tone vibrating from the hunter's bow string when he shot an arrow was known as the Vil Yazh. The Jya ghosha (musical sound of the bow string) is referred to in the ancient [[Atharvaveda]]. Eventually, the archer's bow paved the way for the musical bow. Twisted bark, strands of grass and grass root, vegetable fibre and animal gut were used to create the first strings. Over the veena's evolution and modifications, more particular names were used to help distinguish the instruments that followed. The word veena in India was a term originally used to generally denote "stringed instrument", and included many variations that would be either plucked, bowed or struck for sound.<ref>Bonnie C. Wade (2004). "Music in India". Manohar, 90-93.</ref><ref name="Padma Bhushan Prof 2005">Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 208-214.</ref>

The veena instruments developed much like a tree, branching out into instruments as diverse as the harp-like Akasa (a veena that was tied up in the tops of trees for the strings to vibrate from the currents of wind) and the Audumbari veena (played as an accompaniment by the wives of Vedic priests as they chanted during ceremonial [[Yajna]]s). Veenas ranged from one string to one hundred and were composed of many different materials like eagle bone, bamboo, wood, and coconut shells. The [[yazh]] was an ancient harp-like instrument that was also considered a veena. But with the developments of the fretted veena instruments, the yazh quickly faded away, as the fretted veena allowed for the easy performance of [[raga]]s and the myriad subtle nuances and pitch oscillations in the [[gamak]]as prevalent in the Indian musical system.<ref name="Padma Bhushan Prof 2005"/> As is seen in many Hindu temple sculptures and paintings, the early veenas were played vertically. It was not until the great Indian [[Carnatic music]] composer and Saraswati veena player [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] that it began to be popularized as played horizontally.

"The current form of the Saraswati veena with 24 fixed frets evolved in [[Thanjavur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], during the reign of [[Raghunatha Nayak]] and it is for this reason sometimes called the Tanjore veena or the Raghunatha veena. The Saraswati veena contains 4 strings. It is said Govinda Dikshita father of Venkatamukhin, who was a musician and a minister in the court of Raghunatha Nayaka designed it. Prior to his time, the number of frets on the veena was less and also movable." - Padmabhooshan Prof. P. Sambamurthy, musicologist.<ref>Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 203.</ref> The Saraswati veena developed from Kinnari Veena. Made in several regions in South India, those made by makers from Thanjavur in the South Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]] are to date considered the most sophisticated. However, the purest natural sound is extracted by plucking with natural fingernails on a rosewood instrument construction, which is exemplified by the grandeur of the Mysore Veena. Pithapuram in East Godavari District and Bobbili in Vijayanagara District of Andhra Pradesh is also famous for Veena makers. Sangeeta Ratnakara calls it [[Eka-tantri Vina|Ekatantri Veena]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omenad.net/articles/BSV_ektantri.htm|title=Ektantri Veena: Excerpts from Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya - Articles OMENAD|date=8 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908081754/http://www.omenad.net/articles/BSV_ektantri.htm|access-date=20 April 2021|archive-date=8 September 2008}}</ref> and gives the method for its construction.

While the Saraswati veena is considered in the lute genealogy, other North Indian veenas such as the Rudra veena and Vichitra veena are technically [[zither]]s. Descendants of [[Tansen]] reserved Rudra Veena for family and out of reverence began calling it the Saraswati Veena.

==Construction==
[[File:Tuning Pegs (Kunti) of Saraswati Veena.jpg|thumb|Tuning Pegs (Kunti) of Saraswati Veena]]
About four feet in length, its design consists of a large resonator (''kudam'') carved and hollowed out of a log (usually of [[jackfruit]] wood), a tapering hollow neck (''dandi'') topped with 24 brass or bell-metal frets set in [[Fingerboard#Scalloping|scalloped]] black wax on wooden tracks, and a tuning box culminating in a downward curve and an ornamental dragon's head (''yali''). If the veena is built from a single piece of wood it is called (''Ekanda'') veena. A small table-like wooden bridge (''kudurai'')—about 2 x 2½ x 2 inches—is topped by a convex brass plate glued in place with resin. Two rosettes, formerly of ivory, now of plastic or horn, are on the top board (''palakai'') of the resonator. Four main playing strings tuned to the tonic and the fifth in two octaves (for example, B flat-E flat below bass clef - B flat- E flat in bass clef) stretch from fine tuning connectors attached to the end of the resonator across the bridge and above the fretboard to four large-headed pegs in the tuning box. Three subsidiary drone strings tuned to the tonic, fifth, and upper tonic (E flat - B flat- E flat in the tuning given above) cross a curving side bridge leaning against the main bridge, and stretch on the player's side of the neck to three pegs matching those of the main playing strings. All seven strings today are of steel, with the lower strings either solid thick.

==Playing technique==
[[File:Veena (close view).jpg|right|thumb|Close up of a veena being played.]]
The veena is played by sitting cross-legged with the instrument held tilted slightly away from the player. The small gourd on the left rests on the player's left thigh, the left arm passing beneath the neck with the hand curving up and around so that the fingers rest upon the frets. The palm of the right hand rests on the edge of the top plank so that the fingers (usually index and middle) can pluck the strings. The drone strings are played with the little finger. The veena's large resonator is placed on the floor, beyond the right thigh. The photo of [[Veenai Dhanammal]] more accurately illustrates how the ''veena'' is held than the more fanciful Ravi Varma painting.

Like the ''[[sitar]]'', the left hand technique involves playing on the frets, controlled pushing on the strings to achieve higher tones and glissandi through increased tension, and finger flicks, all reflecting the characteristics of various ''[[ragas]]'' and their ornamentation (''gamaka''). Modern innovations include one or two circular sound holes (like that of the lute), substitution of machine heads for wooden pegs for easier tuning, and the widespread use of transducers for amplification in performance.

==Religious associations within Hinduism==
[[File:Saraswati.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Saraswati|Goddess Saraswati]] depicted playing the veena]]
The patron [[Hindu]] Goddess of learning and the arts, [[Saraswati]], is often depicted seated upon a [[swan]] playing a ''veena.'' Lord [[Shiva]] is also depicted playing or holding a vina in His form called "Vinadhara," which means "bearer of the vina." Also, the great Hindu sage [[Narada]] was known as a veena maestro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vedabase.net/sb/1/5/1/en1 |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 August 2011 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180457/http://vedabase.net/sb/1/5/1/en1 |url-status=live }}</ref> and refers to 19 different kinds of Veena in [[Sangita Makarandha]].
Ravana, the antagonist of the Ramayana, who is also a great scholar, a capable ruler and a devoted follower of Shiva, was also a versatile veena player. Scholars hold that as Saraswati is the goddess of learning, the most evolved string instrument in a given age was placed in her hands by contemporary artistes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omenad.net/articles/saraswati_veena.htm|title=Saraswati Veena - Articles OMENAD|website=Omenad.net|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

==References in ancient texts and literature==
The [[Ramayana]], the [[Bhagavata]], the [[Puranas]] and [[Bharata Muni]]'s ''[[Natya Shastra]]'' all contain references to the Veena, as well as the [[Sutra]] and the [[Aranyaka]]. The Vedic sage [[Yajnavalkya]] speaks of the greatness of the Veena in the following verse: "One who is skilled in Veena play, one who is an expert in the varieties of srutis (quarter tones) and one who is proficient in tala attain salvation without effort."<ref>Padma Bhushan Prof. P. Sambamurthy (2005). "History of Indian Music". The Indian Music Publishing House, 202, 205, 207.</ref>

Many references to the veena are made in old Sanskrit and Tamil literature, such as ''[[Lalita Sahasranama]]'', [[Adi Shankara]]'s ''[[Soundarya Lahari]]'', poet [[Kalidasa]]'s epic Sanskrit poem ''[[Kumarasambhava]]'' and ''Shyamala Dandakam'', and Tamil ''Thevaram''s and the ''Thiruvasagam''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://egayathri.blogspot.com/2009/04/nada-yoga_15.html|title=Jasmine Strings: Nada Yoga|website=Egayathri.blogspot.com|date=15 April 2009|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> to name a few. Examples include "veena venu mridanga vAdhya rasikAm" in ''Meenakshi Pancharathnam'', "mAsil veeNaiyum mAlai madhiyamum" Thevaram by Appar. Veena or the Hindu goddesses playing the veena i.e. Saraswathi and Shakti have also been referred to as ''kachchapi'' (in the Lalitha Sahasranama for example)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vignanam.org/veda/sree-lalita-sahasra-nama-stotram-english.html|title=Sree Lalita Sahasra Nama Stotram - English | Vaidika Vignanam|website=Vignanam.org|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> or ''[[Vipanchi veena|vipanchi]]'' (in the Soundarya Lahari) in Sanskrit texts. Musical compositions like [[Tyagaraja]]'s ''Mokshamugaladha'' contain philosophies about the spiritual aspects of the veena.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.karnatik.com/c1291.shtml|title=Carnatic Songs - mOkSamu galadA galadhA|website=Karnatik.com|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

Each physical portion of the veena is said to be the seat in which subtle aspects of various gods and goddesses reside in Hinduism. The instrument's neck is Shiva, the strings constitute his consort, Parvati. The bridge is Lakshmi, the secondary gourd is Brahma, the dragon head Vishnu. And upon the resonating body is Saraswati. "Thus, the veena is the abode of divinity and the source of all happiness."- R. Rangaramanuja Ayyangar<ref>Bonnie C. Wade (2004). "Music in India". Manohar, 93.</ref>

Eminent veena player [[E. Gayathri]] has mentioned in many interviews that the [[Aitareya Upanishad]] contains a verse stating that human beings are the veena created by God (''daiva veena'') and the wooden Saraswati veena is the man-made veena (''maanushi veena''). According to her, the veena is resemblant of the human skeleton, where the resonating ''kudam'' represents the skull, the ''dandi'' and the lion (Yali) face the human backbone, and the twenty-four frets on the fretboard representing the 24 vertebrae of the human spine.

==Variants==
Scholars consider that today four instruments are signified by Veena which in the past has been used as generic name for all string instruments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://madhukali.com/articles/veena-manifestation-of-intangibility/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 August 2011 |archive-date=14 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714014527/http://madhukali.com/articles/veena-manifestation-of-intangibility/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> They are the Tanjavur (Saraswati) Veena, [[Rudra veena]], [[Vichitra veena]], and [[Gottuvadhyam]] veena (also called the [[Chitra veena]]).

Modern day evolving of the veena include the Sruti veena (more an instrument for theoretical demonstration than for actual playing) that was constructed by Dr. [[Lalmani Misra]] in early 1960s on which all 22 srutis can be produced simultaneously,.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omenad.net/articles/Shruti_Veena_Vadya.htm|title=Shruti Veena:the Sound Link (Instrument) - Articles OMENAD|website=Omenad.net|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

==Contemporary situation==
Veena represents the system of Indian music. Several instruments evolved in response to cultural changes in the country. Communities of artists, scholars and craftsmen moved around and at times settled down. Thus Veena craftsmen of Kolkata were famous for their instruments. Similarly, Rudra Veena was given a new form which came to be known after the craftsmen of Tanjavur as Tanjavur Veena. Modern life-style is no longer limited to definite routine within a small locality, thus along with performers and teachers of Veena, the community of craftsmen is also on decline.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://forbesindia.com/article/recliner/the-last-notes-of-the-thanjavur-veena/32670/1|title=The Last Notes Of The Thanjavur Veena | Forbes India|website=Forbes India|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref> Attempts to start institutions of instrument-making have been made, but there is a strong need for conservatories which focus on all aspects of Veena. As a state party to [[UNESCO]] Convention 2003, India has identified Veena as an element of Intangible Cultural Heritage and proposed its inscription in the Representative list of UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omenad.net/articles/veena_conserve.html|title=Clutching the Intangible: Conserving Veena - Articles OMENAD|website=Omenad.net|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

Electronic and Digital veena: Over the years, the acoustic Tanjavur veena (also known as Saraswati veena) has been used in solo and duet concerts in large auditoria. Performers have also been travelling across the globe for concerts. Many practitioners of the art live outside India. The challenges faced by them in using the acoustic veena:
1. Low sound output (volume) compared to other louder instruments like flute or violin, causing the sound of the veena to be almost inaudible in concerts comprising other instruments along with the veena. This necessitated use of a contact mike (pioneered by Emani Sankara Sastri) or magnetic pickup (pioneered by S.Balachander). Usage of these requires carrying an additional amplispeaker to enable audibility to the performer.
2. Fragility of the acoustic instrument, causing frequent breakage and damage during travel.
3. Requirement of re-fretting every year or so, necessitating either carrying the instrument back to India or facilitating the travel and stay overseas, of the skilled artisan from India for this specific purpose.
All these factors led to the creation of the rudimentary electric veena, followed by the electronic veena(1986) and digital veena (2002) by the engineer-flautist G Raj Narayan of Bengaluru.(1971)[[File:Elec-veena-pressreport1971.jpg|thumb|Electric veena]][[File:GRN-RRN-kal-ke-kalakar.jpg|thumb|Early Electronic veena]]
The main characteristics of the electronic veena:

Enhanced volume, with the amplifier and speaker built into one of the gourds;

Built-in electronic tambura for sruti in the other removable gourd;
Matched pick-up and amplispeaker to enable authentic sweet veena sound;
Adjustable independent volume control for main and taala strings;
Adjustable frets on a wooden fret board, eliminating the more delicate wax fret board, frets can be adjusted easily by the user;
Guitar-type keys for easy and accurate tuning;
Complete portability, as the sound box of the veena is dispensed with, and replaced by a plank of wood. Easy assembly / disassembly;
Usage on battery in case of AC Mains power failure.

The electronic veena has gained popularity among users of the instrument. Videos of electronic veena concerts are available online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qp6dhg3anY|title=Raaga Alapana - Hamsadhwani|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgKKxyddXUk|title=HINDU TEMPLE OF GREATER CHICAGO: EKANTHA SEVA: SARASWATHI RANGANATHAN: "MANAVYALAKINCHA.."|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8i4PW1z7SE|title=- YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://musicnagari.com/ladies-tanpura|title=Domain Parked With VentraIP Australia|website=Musicnagari.com|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv5l0VNopDU|title=Radel Veena Festival-GRS Murthy-Part 1.wmv|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

However, this did not solve other issues such as need for repeated retuning while playing, change of strings for playing on higher pitch, mismatch of same note on different strings, etc. This led to the invention of the Digital veena (for which the inventor G Raj Narayan was awarded a patent by the Indian Patent office),demonstrated at the Madras Music Academy in 2002. This is the first synthesiser for Indian music, and its salient features are:[[File:DVN-demo.jpg|thumb|Photo of demonstration of digital veena]][[File:Digiveena patent-cropped.jpg|thumb|Digital veena Patent]] [[File:digiveena-2013.jpg|thumb]]

Can be used at any pitch without changing strings;
All four strings and tala strings tuned automatically and perfectly on selection of ANY pitch;
Selection of PA / MA for mandara panchamam and taala panchamam strings – PA will change to MA on open string but first fret will still be Suddha Dhaivatam;
String will not change sruti while playing (frequency / sruti will not reduce or increase);
Gamakam response adjustment – can be set for high response to smaller transverse deflection of finger or small response to more deflection. e.g., Selection can be made so that with a moderate pull of string, five-note gamakam can be achieved on the same fret;
Enhanced volume, with the amplifier and speaker built-in to one of the gourds, adjustable volume;
Increased sustenance of notes; thus long passages can be played with fewer plucks, adjustable ‘sustain’ to suit a user’s style;
8 ‘voice’ choices ( types of sound) – e.g. Tanjore veena, mandolin, saxophone, flute, etc.;
Fixed frets on a wooden fret board, eliminating the more delicate wax fret board. No setting of melam. Digitally preset fret positions for perfect frequency of each note;
Built-in electronic tambura for sruti and line-out facility, battery back-up in case of AC Mains power failure;
Complete portability, as the sound box of the veena is dispensed with, and replaced by a detachable gourd with an ampli-speaker with easy assembly / disassembly.

The digital veena has also been used in junior/amateur concerts, and are available to view online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL78310529B34D2B20|title=Radel Digiveena concert - YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1DC8992449F99704|title=Radel Digital Veena Concert - YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPntK9cnRa695tzMidqD7r6CODCjrX3Gj|title=Flute-digital veena duet 2013 - YouTube|publisher=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 April 2021}}</ref>

==Tone and acoustics==
[[Nobel Prize]]-winning physicist [[C.V. Raman]] has described the veena as having a unique construction. The string terminations at both ends are curved and not sharp. Also, the frets have much more curvature than any other instrument. Unlike in guitar, the string does not have to be pushed down to the very base of the neck, so no rattling sound is generated. This design enables a continuous control over the string tension, which is important for glissandi.

The [[beeswax]] beneath the frets may act as a noise filter.{{Citation needed|date=October 2007}}

== Notable vainikas ==
===Pioneers and legends===
[[File:Veena Subbanna Seshanna 1902.jpg|thumb|[[Veene Sheshanna]] and Veena Subbanna in 1902. Seshanna was a concert musician at the court of the princely state of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]]]
* [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
* [[Veenai Dhanammal]] (1867 - 1938) (known for her individual style)
* [[Veene Sheshanna|Veena Sheshanna]] (1852 - 1926) (Mysore style)
* [[Veena Venkatagiriappa]] (1887 - 1951)
* Veena [[Doraiswamy Iyengar]] (1920 - 1997) (Mysore style)
* [[Emani Sankara Sastry]] (1922 - 1987) (Andhra style)
* [[Chitti Babu (musician)|Chitti Babu]] (1936 - 1996) (Andhra style)
* [[Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer]] (1888 - 1958) (Karaikudi style)
* [[K. S. Narayanaswamy]] (1914 - 1999) (Travancore style)
* [[Trivandrum R Venkataraman]] (1938 - 2010) (Travancore style)
* [[Sundaram Balachander|S Balachander]] (1927 - 1990) (known for his individual style)

===Other exponents===
[[File:Veena Dhanammal 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Veenai Dhammal.|[[Veenai Dhanammal]] was one of the early exponents and Veena player of [[Tamil Nadu]]]]
* [[Veenai Ranganayaki Rajagopalan|Ranganayaki Rajagopalan]] (1932 - 2018) (Karaikudi style)
* [[R. Pichumani Iyer|R Pitchumani Iyer]] (1919 - 2015)
* [[T. N. Seshagopalan|Madurai T. N. Seshagopalan]]
* [[B.Sivakumar]]
* [[Kalpakam Swaminathan]] (1922 - 2011)
* [[Mangalam Muthuswamy]] (1937 - 2007)

===Contemporary artists===
[[File:SmtRugminiGopalakrishnan.jpg|thumb|Rugmini Gopalakrishnan]]
[[File:VeenaJayanthi and Kumaresh.jpg|thumb|[[Jayanthi Kumaresh]] performing a concert]]
[[File:198.jpg|thumb|[[E. Gayathri|Veenai Gayathri]]]]
[[File:Prince Ashwathi Thirunal Rama Varma.jpg|thumb|Prince Rama Varma]]
* [[D Balakrishna]] (born 1961)- Bangalore based, the torch bearer of the Mysore style of Veena playing, son and prime disciple of Mysore V. Doraiswamy Iyengar
* [[Padmavathy Ananthagopalan]] (born 1934) - Chennai based, disciple of Lalgudi Gopala Iyer, creator of a portable veena, advocate of gurukula tradition and founder of Sri Satguru Sangita Vidyalaya music school.
* [[Rugmini Gopalakrishnan]] (born 1936) - Thiruvananthapuram based, disciple of K. S. Narayanaswamy.
* [[Jayanthi Kumaresh]] - Bangalore based, disciple of Padmavathy Ananthagopalan, recognized with Kalamamani Award (awarded to tamilians), founder of Indian National Orchestra.
* [[Nirmala Rajasekar]] (born 1966) - disciple of Kalpakam Swaminathan, recognized with McKnight Performing Artists Fellowship and founder of Naada Rasa music school.
* [[E. Gayathri]] (born 1959) - Chennai based, disciple of Kamala Aswathama and T. M. Thyagarajan, recognized with "''Kalaimamani''" and "''Sangeet Natak Akademi''" awards, Vice Chancellor of Tamil Nadu Music and Fine Arts University.
* [[Tirupati Srivani Yalla]] - Tirupati based, recognized with "''Veena Visharade''", Lecturer in Veena S.V.Music College, TTD, Tirupati .
* [[Punya Srinivas]] - disciple of Kamala Aswathama and Suguna Varadachari, member of Panchachanyam band, specialising in fusion music, over 5000 film recordings to her credit.
* [[D. Srinivas (instrumentalist)|D Srinivas]] (born 1968) - Hyderabad based, disciple of Srinivasan and P. Srinivasa Gopalan, recognized with "''Ugadi Visishta Puraskaram''" Award, "''Ashtana Vidwan''" of Shri [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]].
* [[Jaysri-Jeyaraaj]] - Chennai based artists, disciples of A. Anantharama Iyer and A. Champakavalli, recognized with "''Nadha Kala Vipanchee''" Award, founders of Veenavaadhini school.
* [[Rajhesh Vaidhya]] (born 1973) - Chennai based, recognized with Kalaimani award, founder of Ravna International School of Veena, has worked with various music directors of Tamil movies.
* [[Revathy Krishna]] - Chennai based, disciple of [[Sundaram Iyer]], and later with [[Sharada Shivanandam]] and [[K.P.Sivanandam]]; recognized with Kalaimanani and Kumar Gandharwa Awards, also now for film recordings.
* [[Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma]] (born 1968) - disciple of [[Trivandrum R Venkataraman]] and [[K. S. Narayanaswamy]], organiser of Swathi Sangeethotsavam and member of the Travancore royal family.
* [[Iyer brothers]] - Melbourne based, disciples of R. Pichumani and R. Venkataraman, recognized with the Multicultural Award for Excellence by the State of Victoria.
* [[Kannan Balakrishnan|B Kannan]] (born 1964) - Chennai based, disciple of Vasantha Krishnamurthy and Pichumani Iyer, Founder-President of Youth Association for Classical Music (YACM) and composer of many thillanas.
* [[Karaikudi S. Subramanian]] (born 1944) - grandson and adoptive son of Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, 9th generation Veena player in the illustrious [[Karaikudi S. Subramanian#The Karaikudi lineage|Karaikudi Veena Tradition]].
* [[Suvir Misra]] - Delhi based civil services officer proficient in [[Rudra veena]], Saraswati veena and the Surbahar; inventor of the [[Misr Veena]], known for playing [[Khayal]] in the Saraswati Veena.
* [[Prashanth Iyengar]] - Bangalore based, disciple of Padmasini Narasimhachar & R.K. Suryanarayana, composer of 90 varnas (including 72-varnas tuned in each of the 72-melakarta ragas), holder of the limca record for a 24-hour marathon veena concert.

==Veena festivals==
* Maargashira Veena Festival - since 2004 organized by Sri Guruguha Vaageyya Pratishtana Trust & Sri Guruguha Sangeeta Mahavidyala.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/10day-veena-festival-from-sunday/article5432667.ece | title=10-day veena festival from Sunday | date=7 December 2013 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=24 March 2015 | location=Shimoga}}</ref>
* Mudhra Veenotsav - since 2005 at Chennai<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mudhra.org/other-festival/one-raga-one-kriti/veena-festival-2005.html | title=Mudhra Veenotsav|website=Mudhra.org | access-date=15 March 2015}}</ref>
* Veena Navarathri - since 2007 at Chennai organized by the Veena foundation and the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/veena-navarathri-inaugurated/article1909933.ece | title='Veena Navarathri' inaugurated | date=12 September 2007 | newspaper=[[The Hindu]] | access-date=15 March 2015 | location=Chennai}}</ref>
* International Veena conference and festival - since 2009 by Sri Annamacharya Project of North America (SAPNA)<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/strings-in-dialogue/article6938208.ece | title=Strings in dialogue | date=27 February 2015 | agency=The Hindu | access-date=22 March 2015 | location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
*[[Carnatic music]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Saraswati veena}}
*[https://www.google.com/search?q=saraswati%20veena Google - Saraswati Veena]
*[http://www.omenad.net/articles/saraswati_veena.htm Saraswati Veena]
*[[Rugmini gopalakrishnan]]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=827581034070154455 Saraswati Veena in North Indian Khayal Style] See Video of Beenkar [[Suvir Misra]] playing Saraswati Veena in Hindustani Khayal Style.

{{Indian musical instruments}}


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[[Category:Carnatic music instruments]]
[[Category:Necked bowl lutes]]
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Carnatic music]]
[[Category:Tamil music]]
[[Category:Saraswati veena players|*]]
[[Category:Plucked string instruments]]

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