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Language and religion

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{{About|the community development block in Jharkhand, India|its namesake village|Saraiyahat, Dumka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Saraiyahat
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24|34|49|N|87|0|47|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dumka district|Dumka]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 300.44
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 268
| population_total = 156,291
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu language|Urdu]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates
| demographics2_info2 = 75,591 (58.64%)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 814151 (Saraiyahat)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06431
| registration_plate = JH-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Godda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Godda]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Poreyahat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Poreyahat]]
| website = {{URL|dumka.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Saraiyahat''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development blocks]] that forms an administrative division in the [[Dumka Sadar subdivision]] of the [[Dumka district]], [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]].

==Geography==
Saraiyahat, the [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] headquarters, is located at {{coord|24|34|49|N|87|0|47|E}}.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wikimapia.org/9817591/Saraiyahat | title= Saraiyahat | work= Jharkhand| publisher= Wikimapia | access-date = 26 December 2015}}</ref>

It is located 48 km from [[Dumka]], the district headquarters.

Dumka district is a plateau region. It is divided into four micro subregions. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and parts of Ramgarh, Dumka and Masalia CD blocks. Scattered hillocks with forests are spread over the region with elevation above mean sea level varying from {{convert|274 to 753|m}}. The Deoghar Uplands covers only parts of Masalia CD block. The area has large number of hillocks covered with forests. The [[Rajmahal Hills]], spread over the north-eastern part of the district, covers Ramgarh, Dumka, Kathikund and Gopikandar CD blocks. The Pakur Uplands, in the eastern part of the district, with a height of {{convert|31|m}} above mean sea level, covers parts of Gopikandar and Kathikund CD blocks. The two blocks, named last, also fall under the [[Damin-i-koh]] region of Santhal Parganas.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 8: Physical aspects, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref>

Saraiyahat is bounded by Chanan, Katoria and Bausi CD blocks in Banka district of Bihar and [[Poraiyahat (community development block)|Poraiyahat]] CD block in Godda district on the north, [[Ramgarh, Dumka|Ramgarh]] CD block on the east, [[Jarmundi]] CD block on the south and Chakai CD block in Jamui district of Bihar and [[Mohanpur, Deoghar|Mohanpur]] CD block in Deoghar district on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/dumka.html | title = Dumka CD block/ tehsil map |publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/jamui.html | title = Jamui CD block/ tehsil map |publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/godda.html | title = Godda CD block/ tehsil map |publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/deogarh.html| title = Deoghar CD block/ tehsil map |publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/bihar/tehsil/banka.html | title = CD block/ tehsil map of Banka |publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 17 November 2020}}</ref>

Saraiyahat CD block has an area of 300.44 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2017_PART_B_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 25: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref>[[Saraiyahat, Dumka|Saraiyahat]] and [[Hansdiha]] police stations serve this block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/dumka | title = District Police Profile - Dumka| publisher = Jharkhand Police| access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD block is at [[Saraiyahat, Dumka|Saraiyahat]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2017_PART_B_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Map of Dumka on the third page|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]] Saraiyahat CD block had a total population of 156,291, all of which were rural. There were 80,535 (52%) males and 75,756 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 27,416. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 14,191 (9.08%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 258,050 (17.95%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
{{As of|2011}} census, the total number of literates in Saraiyahat CD Block was 75,591 (58.64% of the population over 6 years) out of which 46,721 (62%) were males and 28,870 (38%) were females. The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 34%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Dumka district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
In 2001, [[Santali language|Santali]] was the mother-tongue of 660,233 persons in Dumka district, forming 41.17% of the population, followed by [[Hindi]] with 615,667 persons (38.39%) and [[Bengali language|Bengali]] with 327,714 persons (20.44%). Other languages had small numbers of speakers.<ref name=censushandbook>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 20: Note on Mother-tongue, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu language|Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

In 2011, Hindus numbered 1,044,726, forming 79.60% of the population of Dumka district followed by Muslims with 106,865 persons (8.09%), Christians with 86,404 persons (6.54%) and other religions/ religion not stated with 83,447 (6.31%).<ref name=censushandbook/>

==Rural poverty==
60-70% of the population of Dumka district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Ranchi and Jamtara districts.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref> Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Jharkhand%20presentation.pdf | title = Eliminating poverty | publisher = Jharkhand government | access-date = 25 October 2020}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Saraiyahat CD block'''
|value1 = 30.93
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 53.44
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 4.33
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 11.30
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Saraiyahat CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 23,637 and formed 30.93%, agricultural labourers numbered 40,836 and formed 53.44%, household industry workers numbered 3,312 and formed 4.33% and other workers numbered 8,635 and formed 11.30%. Total workers numbered 76,420 and formed 48.90% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 79,891 and formed 51.10% of total population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Dumka | work = Tables 34, 30 Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 census| publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 26 October 2020 }}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Dumka, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Page 11: Census Concepts |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 285 inhabited villages in Saraiyahat CD block. In 2011, 192 villages had power supply. 45 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 276 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 279 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 38 villages had post offices, 9 villages had sub post offices, 17 villages had telephones (land lines), 22 villages had public call offices and 86 villages had mobile phone coverage. 275 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 21 villages had bus service (public/ private), 2 villages had railway stations, 14 villages had autos/ modified autos, and 64 villages had tractors. 13 villages had bank branches, 8 villages had agricultural credit societies, 4 villages had cinema/ video halls, 1 village had public library and public reading room. 74 villages had [[public distribution system]], 18 villages had weekly haat (market) and 73 villages had [[Polling place|assembly polling stations]].<ref name=directory>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 567-571 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Dumka district is a rural dominated area with a large population residing in the villages. "Agriculture practices are the main source of income for the rural people of the district."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.biotech-asia.org/vol14no2/geospatial-approach-for-agroforestry-suitability-mapping-to-enhance-livelihood-and-reduce-poverty-fao-based-documented-procedure-case-study-of-dumka-district-jharkhand-india/ | title = Geospatial Approach for Agroforestry Suitability Mapping: To Enhance Livelihood and Reduce Poverty, FAO based Documented Procedure (Case Study of Dumka District, Jharkhand, India) | publisher = Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia | access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref> It is a hilly district receiving considerably high rainfall (1088mm to 1244mm annual average), resulting in a considerable vegetative cover. Ruthless exploitation of forests has reduced them to bushes without any big trees. Only 6.42% of the agricultural lands are irrigated by wells and tanks. Major crops in the district are paddy, maize and wheat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://agri.jharkhand.gov.in/resources/Soil_Inventory/Dumka_Soil_Analysis.pdf | title = Dumka district | work = Page 5: Agriculture and Land Use | publisher = National Bureau of Soil and Land Use Planning (ICAR) Regional Centre, Kolkata | access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref> The availability of land has been a major problem. "The Santals have played an important part in the reclamation of land." The District Gazetteer of the Santal Parganas (1938) writes, "In the olden areas, from which he (the Santal) moved on at an earlier date, he seems to have done the first clearing of the jungle, and the first rough sloping of shapes and levels. The more civilised Bengali, Bihari and upcountry immigrant came at his heels, pushed him off the land by force, cajolery, trickery, seized upon his improvements by the application of larger capital or steadier labour developed the embryo bandhs and tanks into works of considerable size,"<ref>{{cite web | url = https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3120/page/n201/mode/2up | title = Bihar District Gazettteers: Santal Parganas |first= P.C.| last= Roy Choudhary | work = Agriculture and Irrigation, page 196,197 | publisher = Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965 | access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref>

In Saraiyahat CD block, 58.79% of the total area was cultivable area and 22.95% of the cultivated area was irrigated area.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2017_PART_A_DCHB_DUMKA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Page 52, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land-use, 2011 census | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 26 October 2020}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Dumka district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 27 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 27 October 2020}}</ref>

==Transport==
The 130 km Bhagalpur-Dumka-Rampurhat railway project is an extension of the Bhagalpur-Mandar Hills section functioning for a long time. Service was extended to Hansdiha (in this block) in 2012, and at that time work was on in the 42 km Hansdiha-Dumka sector.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141225/jsp/bihar/story_5176.jsp#.VoXwNhV97IU |title = Bhagalpur to Dumka train link in 2015| publisher= The Telegraph, 25 December 2014| access-date = 1 January 2016}}</ref>

* See also – [[Jasidih–Dumka–Rampurhat railway line]]

==Education==
Saraiyahat CD block had 97 villages with pre-primary schools, 198 villages with primary schools, 80 villages with middle schools, 13 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 2 villages with general degree colleges, 76 villages with no educational facility.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
Saraiyahat CD block had 6 villages with primary health centres, 21 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, 1 village with TB clinic, 3 villages with allopathic hospitals, 6 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 3 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Santhal Pargana Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Dumka district]]

Saraiyahat - Revision history

->Chandan Guha: /* Language and religion */