Santoor - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, 22 July 2023
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			{{Short description\|Indian musical instrument}}
	{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}		{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}
	{{~~Refimprove~~\|date=January 2012}}
			{{More citations needed\|date=January 2012}}
	[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]		[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]

	The Indian '''santoor''' instrument is a [[trapezoid]]-shaped [[hammered dulcimer]], and a variation of the [[Iran]]ian ~~Santur~~.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Heydarian \|first1=Peyman \|last2=Reiss \|first2=Joshua \|title=Persian Music and the Santur Instrument \|date=2005 \|publisher=University of London \|location=Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK \|pages=524–527}}</ref> The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges. Each bridge has 4 strings, making for a total of 100 strings. It is a traditional instrument in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], and dates back to ancient times. It was called ''Shatha Tantri Veena'' in ancient Sanskrit texts.		The Indian '''santoor''' instrument is a [[trapezoid]]-shaped [[hammered dulcimer]], and a variation of the [[Iran]]ian [[santur]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Heydarian \|first1=Peyman \|last2=Reiss \|first2=Joshua \|title=Persian Music and the Santur Instrument \|date=2005 \|publisher=University of London \|location=Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK \|pages=524–527}}</ref> The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges. Each bridge has 4 strings, making for a total of 100 strings. It is a traditional instrument in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]], and dates back to ancient times. It was called ''Shatha Tantri Veena'' in ancient Sanskrit texts.

	==Development==		==Development==
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	==Technique==		==Technique==
	The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' ~~position~~ and placing it on ~~top of~~ the lap. While ~~playing~~, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a ~~very~~ delicate instrument and ~~is very~~ sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges~~. Both~~ styles result in different tones. ~~Sometimes strokes~~ by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm ~~just~~ to create variety.		The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' and placing it on the lap. While being played, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a delicate instrument and sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges: the styles result in different tones. Strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm to create variety.

	==Notable players==		==Notable players==
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	*[[Tarun Bhattacharya]] (b. 1957)		*[[Tarun Bhattacharya]] (b. 1957)
	*[[Rahul Sharma (musician)\|Rahul Sharma]] (b. 1972)		*[[Rahul Sharma (musician)\|Rahul Sharma]] (b. 1972)
	*[[Shivkumar Sharma]] (~~b. 1938~~)		*[[Shivkumar Sharma]] (1938–2022)
	*[[Abhay Sopori]]		*[[Abhay Sopori]]
	*[[Bhajan Sopori]] (b. 1948)		*[[Bhajan Sopori]] (1948-2022)
	*[[R. Visweswaran]] (1944–2007)		*[[R. Visweswaran]] (1944–2007)
	*[[Varsha Agrawal]] (b. 1967)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://imcradiodotnet.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/our-wishes-to-indias-single-female-santoor-player-dr-varsha-agrawal-born-29-jan-1967/\|title=Our wishes to ~~India’s~~ single female Santoor player Dr. Varsha Agrawal (born 29 Jan 1967)\|date=January 28, 2013}}</ref>		*[[Varsha Agrawal]] (b. 1967)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://imcradiodotnet.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/our-wishes-to-indias-single-female-santoor-player-dr-varsha-agrawal-born-29-jan-1967/\|title=Our wishes to India's single female Santoor player Dr. Varsha Agrawal (born 29 Jan 1967)\|date=January 28, 2013}}</ref>
	*[[Mohammad Tibet Baqal]] (1914–1982)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://autarmota.blogspot.com/2015/04/ustaad-muhhammad-abdullah-tibetbaqal.html\|title=CHINAR SHADE : USTAAD MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH TIBETBAQAL ( 1914-1982) SUFIANA MUSICIAN FROM KASHMIR\|first=Chinar\|last=Shade\|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref>		*[[Mohammad Tibet Baqal]] (1914–1982)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://autarmota.blogspot.com/2015/04/ustaad-muhhammad-abdullah-tibetbaqal.html\|title=CHINAR SHADE : USTAAD MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH TIBETBAQAL ( 1914-1982) SUFIANA MUSICIAN FROM KASHMIR\|first=Chinar\|last=Shade\|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref>
	*[[Harjinder Pal Singh]] (b. 1953)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=601\|title=Artist - Harjinder Pal Singh (Santoor), Gharana - None\|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>		*[[Harjinder Pal Singh]] (b. 1953)<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=601\|title=Artist - Harjinder Pal Singh (Santoor), Gharana - None\|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>
			*[[Areti Ketime]] (b. 1989)

	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	~~{{commons category\|Indian santoor}}~~

	{{Hindustani Classical Music page end~~}}{{India-music-stub~~}}{{Indian musical instruments}}
			{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}{{Indian musical instruments}}
	{{Zithers}}		{{Zithers}}
			{{Authority control}}

	[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]		[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]
	[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
	[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
	~~{{en-Wikipedia}}~~

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:40, 13 August 2021
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	{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}		{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}
	{{~~pp\|small=yes}}~~		{{Refimprove\|date=January 2012}}
	~~{{More citations needed~~\|date=January 2012}}
	[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]		[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]

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	==Technique==		==Technique==
	The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' and placing it on the lap. While ~~being played~~, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a delicate instrument and sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges~~: the~~ styles result in different tones. ~~Strokes~~ by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm to create variety.		The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' position and placing it on top of the lap. While playing, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a very delicate instrument and is very sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges. Both styles result in different tones. Sometimes strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm just to create variety.

	==Notable players==		==Notable players==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	{{~~Commons~~ category\|Indian santoor}}		{{commons category\|Indian santoor}}

	{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}{{Indian musical instruments}}		{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}{{India-music-stub}}{{Indian musical instruments}}
	{{Zithers}}		{{Zithers}}
	~~{{Authority control}}~~

	[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]		[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]
	[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
	[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
			{{en-Wikipedia}}

	{{~~India~~-~~music-stub~~}}

imported>Tom.Reding: +{{Authority control}} (1 ID from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

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+{{Authority control}} (1 ID from Wikidata), WP:GenFixes on

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:53, 7 June 2021
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	~~{{pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}		{{For\|the Persian instrument\|Santur}}
	{{~~Refimprove~~\|date=January 2012}}		{{pp\|small=yes}}
			{{More citations needed\|date=January 2012}}
	[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]		[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Indian santoor musician]]

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	==Technique==		==Technique==
	The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' ~~position~~ and placing it on ~~top of~~ the lap. While ~~playing~~, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a ~~very~~ delicate instrument and ~~is very~~ sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges~~. Both~~ styles result in different tones. ~~Sometimes strokes~~ by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm ~~just~~ to create variety.		The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' and placing it on the lap. While being played, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a delicate instrument and sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges: the styles result in different tones. Strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm to create variety.

	==Notable players==		==Notable players==
Line 31:		Line 31:

	==External links==		==External links==
	{{~~commons~~ category\|Indian santoor}}		{{Commons category\|Indian santoor}}

	{{Hindustani Classical Music page end~~}}{{India-music-stub~~}}{{Indian musical instruments}}		{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}{{Indian musical instruments}}
	{{Zithers}}		{{Zithers}}
			{{Authority control}}

	[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]		[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]
	[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
	[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
	{{en-~~Wikipedia~~}}

			{{India-music-stub}}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 10:42, 2 June 2021
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	==Development==		==Development==
	In ancient [[Sanskrit]] texts, it has been referred to as ''shatatantri vina'' (100-stringed vina).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305094752/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2005-03-05 \|title=Magazine / Culture : Santoor magic \|date=2005-02-27 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> In Kashmir the santoor was used to accompany [[Music of Kashmir\|folk music]]. It is played in a style of music known as the ''Sufiana Mausiqi''. Some researchers slot it as an improvised version of a primitive instrument played in the [[Mesopotamia~~\|Mesopotamian~~]] times (1600–900 B.C.)<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/how-all-did-the-soporis-improvise-upon-their-folk-instrument/304680 \|title=How All did the Soporis improvise their Folk instrument\|publisher=Outlook India \|date=22 September 2017 \|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> [[Sufi]] mystics used it as an accompaniment to their hymns.{{citation needed\|date=December 2013}} In Indian santoor playing, the specially-shaped mallets (''mezrab'') are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santoor has two sets of bridges, providing a range of three [[octave]]s. The Indian santoor is more rectangular and can have more strings than its Persian counterpart, which generally has 72 strings. Musical instruments very similar to the santoor are traditionally used all over the world.		In ancient [[Sanskrit]] texts, it has been referred to as ''shatatantri vina'' (100-stringed vina).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305094752/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=2005-03-05 \|title=Magazine / Culture : Santoor magic \|date=2005-02-27 \|work=[[The Hindu]] \|access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> In Kashmir the santoor was used to accompany [[Music of Kashmir\|folk music]]. It is played in a style of music known as the ''Sufiana Mausiqi''. Some researchers slot it as an improvised version of a primitive instrument played in the [[Mesopotamia]]n times (1600–900 B.C.)<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/how-all-did-the-soporis-improvise-upon-their-folk-instrument/304680 \|title=How All did the Soporis improvise their Folk instrument\|publisher=Outlook India \|date=22 September 2017 \|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> [[Sufi]] mystics used it as an accompaniment to their hymns.{{citation needed\|date=December 2013}} In Indian santoor playing, the specially-shaped mallets (''mezrab'') are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santoor has two sets of bridges, providing a range of three [[octave]]s. The Indian santoor is more rectangular and can have more strings than its Persian counterpart, which generally has 72 strings. Musical instruments very similar to the santoor are traditionally used all over the world.

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
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	[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
	[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]		[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
			{{en-Wikipedia}}

>GreenC bot: Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5

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Rescued 1 archive link; reformat 1 link. Wayback Medic 2.5

New page

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{For|the Persian instrument|Santur}}
{{Refimprove|date=January 2012}}
[[Image:Indian santoor musician.jpg|thumb|right|Indian santoor musician]]

The Indian '''santoor''' instrument is a [[trapezoid]]-shaped [[hammered dulcimer]], and a variation of the [[Iran]]ian Santur.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heydarian |first1=Peyman |last2=Reiss |first2=Joshua |title=Persian Music and the Santur Instrument |date=2005 |publisher=University of London |location=Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK |pages=524–527}}</ref> The instrument is generally made of walnut and has 25 bridges. Each bridge has 4 strings, making for a total of 100 strings. It is a traditional instrument in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], and dates back to ancient times. It was called ''Shatha Tantri Veena'' in ancient Sanskrit texts.

==Development==
In ancient [[Sanskrit]] texts, it has been referred to as ''shatatantri vina'' (100-stringed vina).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050305094752/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2005/02/27/stories/2005022700570500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-03-05 |title=Magazine / Culture : Santoor magic |date=2005-02-27 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2012-07-08}}</ref> In Kashmir the santoor was used to accompany [[Music of Kashmir|folk music]]. It is played in a style of music known as the ''Sufiana Mausiqi''. Some researchers slot it as an improvised version of a primitive instrument played in the [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamian]] times (1600–900 B.C.)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/how-all-did-the-soporis-improvise-upon-their-folk-instrument/304680 |title=How All did the Soporis improvise their Folk instrument|publisher=Outlook India |date=22 September 2017 |access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> [[Sufi]] mystics used it as an accompaniment to their hymns.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} In Indian santoor playing, the specially-shaped mallets (''mezrab'') are lightweight and are held between the index and middle fingers. A typical santoor has two sets of bridges, providing a range of three [[octave]]s. The Indian santoor is more rectangular and can have more strings than its Persian counterpart, which generally has 72 strings. Musical instruments very similar to the santoor are traditionally used all over the world.

==Characteristics==
The trapezoid framework is generally made out of either walnut or maple wood. The top and bottom boards sometimes can be either plywood or veneer. On the top board, also known as the soundboard, wooden bridges are placed, in order to seat stretched metal strings across. The strings, grouped in units of 3 or 4, are tied on nails or pins on the left side of the instrument and are stretched over the sound board on top of the bridges to the right side. On the right side there are steel tuning pegs or tuning pins, as they are commonly known, that allows tuning each unit of strings to a desired musical note or a frequency or a pitch.

==Technique==
The santoor is played while sitting in an ''[[asana]]'' called ''ardha-padmasana'' position and placing it on top of the lap. While playing, the broad side is closer to the waist of the musician and the shorter side is away from the musician. It is played with a pair of light wooden mallets held with both hands. The santoor is a very delicate instrument and is very sensitive to light strokes and glides. The strokes are played always on the strings either closer to the bridges or a little away from bridges. Both styles result in different tones. Sometimes strokes by one hand can be muffled by the other hand by using the face of the palm just to create variety.

==Notable players==
*[[Ulhas Bapat]] (1950–2018)
*[[Tarun Bhattacharya]] (b. 1957)
*[[Rahul Sharma (musician)|Rahul Sharma]] (b. 1972)
*[[Shivkumar Sharma]] (b. 1938)
*[[Abhay Sopori]]
*[[Bhajan Sopori]] (b. 1948)
*[[R. Visweswaran]] (1944–2007)
*[[Varsha Agrawal]] (b. 1967)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://imcradiodotnet.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/our-wishes-to-indias-single-female-santoor-player-dr-varsha-agrawal-born-29-jan-1967/|title=Our wishes to India’s single female Santoor player Dr. Varsha Agrawal (born 29 Jan 1967)|date=January 28, 2013}}</ref>
*[[Mohammad Tibet Baqal]] (1914–1982)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://autarmota.blogspot.com/2015/04/ustaad-muhhammad-abdullah-tibetbaqal.html|title=CHINAR SHADE : USTAAD MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH TIBETBAQAL ( 1914-1982) SUFIANA MUSICIAN FROM KASHMIR|first=Chinar|last=Shade|date=April 14, 2015}}</ref>
*[[Harjinder Pal Singh]] (b. 1953)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=601|title=Artist - Harjinder Pal Singh (Santoor), Gharana - None|website=www.swarganga.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Indian santoor}}

{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}{{India-music-stub}}{{Indian musical instruments}}
{{Zithers}}

[[Category:Hammered box zithers]]
[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]