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short description

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	{{Use Indian English\|date=~~September 2016~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian politician}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~April 2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2021}}
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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| image = Sri Shanti Ghosh.jpg		\| image = Sri Shanti Ghosh.jpg
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	\| name = Santi Ghose		\| name = Santi Ghose
	\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1916\|11\|22}}		\| birth_date = {{birth date\|df=y\|1916\|11\|22}}
	\| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], India		\| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], British India
	\| death_date = {{death year and age\|1989\|1916}}		\| death_date = {{death year and age\|1989\|1916}}
	\| alma_mater = [[Nawab Faizunnesa Government Girls' High School]], [[Comilla Government Women's College]]		\| alma_mater = [[Nawab Faizunnesa Government Girls' High School]], [[Comilla Government Women's College]]
	\| known_for = Assassinating a British magistrate at age 15		\| known_for = Assassinating a British magistrate at age 15
	}}		}}
	'''Santi Ghose''' (also known as '''Santi Ghosh''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Indian Women and the Freedom Movement: A Historian's Perspective\|last=Forbes\|first=Geraldine}}</ref> 22 November 1916 – 1989) was an [[Indian nationalist]] who, along with [[Suniti Choudhury]], assassinated a British district magistrate when she was 16 years old<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{cite book \|last=Smith \|first=Bonnie G. \|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA1-PA377 \|year=2008 \|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \|isbn=978-0-19-514890-9 \|pages=377–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=Women's History in Global Perspective, Volume 2\|last=Smith\|first=Bonnie G.\|publisher=University of Illinois Press\|year=2005}}</ref> and is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.<ref name=":1" />		'''Santi Ghose''' (also known as '''Santi Ghosh''';<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|title=Indian Women and the Freedom Movement: A Historian's Perspective\|last=Forbes\|first=Geraldine}}</ref> 22 November 1916 – 1989) was an [[Indian nationalist]] who, along with [[Suniti Choudhury]], assassinated a British district magistrate when she was 16 years old<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{cite book \|last=Smith \|first=Bonnie G. \|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA1-PA377 \|year=2008 \|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA \|isbn=978-0-19-514890-9 \|pages=377–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=Women's History in Global Perspective, Volume 2\|last=Smith\|first=Bonnie G.\|publisher=University of Illinois Press\|year=2005}}</ref> and is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.<ref name=":1" />

	== Early life ==		== Early life ==

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{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Sri Shanti Ghosh.jpg
| caption = Sri Shanti Ghosh
| name = Santi Ghose
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1916|11|22}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], India
| death_date = {{death year and age|1989|1916}}
| alma_mater = [[Nawab Faizunnesa Government Girls' High School]], [[Comilla Government Women's College]]
| known_for = Assassinating a British magistrate at age 15
}}
'''Santi Ghose''' (also known as '''Santi Ghosh''',<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Indian Women and the Freedom Movement: A Historian's Perspective|last=Forbes|first=Geraldine}}</ref> 22 November 1916 – 1989) was an [[Indian nationalist]] who, along with [[Suniti Choudhury]], assassinated a British district magistrate when she was 16 years old<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Bonnie G. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EFI7tr9XK6EC&pg=RA1-PA377 |year=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn=978-0-19-514890-9 |pages=377–8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Women's History in Global Perspective, Volume 2|last=Smith|first=Bonnie G.|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2005}}</ref> and is known for her participation in an armed revolutionary struggle.<ref name=":1" />

== Early life ==
Ghose was born on 22 November 1916 in Kolkata (formerly called Calcutta). India.<ref name=":1" /> She was the daughter of Debendranath Ghose, a nationalist and a professor of philosophy at [[Comilla Victoria Government College|Victoria College of Comilla]] in eastern [[Bengal]].<ref name=":1" />

In 1931, Ghose was a founding member of the Chhatri Sangha (Girl Students Association) and served as its secretary.<ref name=":1" /> Ghose was inspired by [[Profullanandini Brahma]], a student at [[Nawab Faizunnesa Government Girls' High School|Faizunnesa Girls' School]] in [[Comilla]], and joined the [[Jugantar Party]],<ref name=":1" /> a militant revolutionary organization which "used murder as a political technique to dislodge British colonial rule."<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=The Bangladesh Reader: History, Culture, Politics}}</ref> She trained in self-defense with swords, clubs, and firearms.<ref name=":1" />

== Assassination of Charles Stevens ==
On 14 December 1931, Ghose and Suniti Chowdhury both 16 at that time, walked into the office of Charles Geoffrey Buckland Stevens, a British bureaucrat and the district magistrate of Comilla, under the pretense that they wanted to present candies and chocolates to the magistrate prior to Christmas as he would be gone to Britain during the same.<ref name=":1" /> While Stevans ate the candy and said "These are delicious!", Ghose and Chowdhury removed [[Machine pistol|automatic pistols]] which were hidden under their shawls and said "Well how about this one Mr. Magistrate?" and shot and killed him.<ref name=":1" />

=== Trial and sentence ===
The girls were taken into custody and imprisoned in the local British jail.<ref name=":1" /> In February 1932, Ghose and Chowdhury appeared in court in Kolkata (formerly called Calcutta), and were sentenced to transportation for life (lifelong banishment).<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,743094,00.html|title=INDIA: I & My Government|date=8 February 1932|newspaper=Time|issn=0040-781X|access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> In an interview, they stated, "It is better to die than live in a horse's stable."<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Ghose said that she was disappointed that she had not been sentenced to hanging and would thus not be able to achieve martyrdom.<ref name=":1" />

Ghose was subjected to humiliation and physical abuse in prison and was treated as a "second-class prisoner."<ref name=":1" /> In 1939, after having served seven years of her sentence, she was released because of the amnesty negotiations between Gandhi and the British government in occupied-India.<ref name=":1" />

=== Public and media response ===
Contemporary Western periodicals portrayed the assassination as a sign of "Indians' outrage against an ordinance by the [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Earl of Willingdon]] that suppressed the civil rights of Indians, including that of free speech."<ref name=":1" /> Indian sources characterized the assassination as Ghose and Chowdbury's response to the "misbehaviors of the British district magistrates" who had abused their positions of power to rape Indian women.<ref name=":1" />

After the verdict was announced, a flyer was found by the intelligence branch of police in the Rajshahi district praising Ghose and Chowdbury as nationalist heroines.<ref name=":2" /> The poster read, "THOU ART FREEDOM'S NOW, AND FAME'S" and displayed photographs of the two girls alongside lines from Robert Burns' poem ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]'':

<poem>
"Tyrants fall in every foe!
Liberty's in every blow!"<ref name=":2" /></poem>

== Later life and death ==
After her release, Ghose attended the [[Banga Mahila Vidyalaya|Bengali Women's College]] and participated in [[Communist Party of India|India's Communist movement]].<ref name=":1" /> She later joined the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1942, Ghose married Professor Chittaranjan Das.<ref name=":1" /> She served on the [[West Bengal Legislative Council]] from 1952–62 and 1967–68.<ref name=":1" /> She also served on the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from 1962–64.<ref name=":1" /> Ghose wrote and published a book entitled ''Arun Bahni''.<ref name=":1" />

Ghose died in 1989.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghose, Santi}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule]]
[[Category:Indian assassins]]
[[Category:Indian nationalists]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Indian people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:Members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Comilla Victoria Government College alumni]]

Santi Ghose - Revision history

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