Santal people - Revision history

78.149.226.128: minor refined details as per guidelines also and added references per sources

2026-05-04T15:27:43Z

minor refined details as per guidelines also and added references per sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:57, 4 May 2026
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	{{Short description\|Ethnic group of India, Nepal and Bangladesh}}		{{Short description\|Ethnic group of India, Nepal and Bangladesh}}
	{{Use British English\|date=~~January~~ 2026}}		{{Use British English\|date=May 2026}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~January~~ 2026}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2026}}
	{{Infobox ethnic group		{{Infobox ethnic group
	\| group = Santal		\| group = Santal
	\| native_name = ~~Hoṛku~~		\| native_name = ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ
	\| native_name_lang = Santali Language		\| native_name_lang = Santali Language
	\| image = Baha parab 4.jpg <!-- Better representational image required: Man and woman of Santhal tribe standing in traditional attire. (older generation people preferred) -->		\| image = Baha parab 4.jpg <!-- Better representational image required: Man and woman of Santhal tribe standing in traditional attire. (older generation people preferred) -->
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	===Administrative officials===		===Administrative officials===
	*[[G. C. Murmu]], [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India#List of Comptroller and Auditors General of India\|14th CAG of India]] and first [[~~Lieutenant~~ governor]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]]<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Das \|first1=Anand ST \|title='A Tribal Boy Got a Big Opportunity': GC Murmu's Mother Elated over His Appointment as J&K's L-G \|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/a-tribal-boy-got-a-big-opportunity-gc-murmus-mother-elated-on-his-appointment-as-jks-l-g-2370675.html \|access-date=19 February 2020 \|work=News18 \|date=1 November 2019}}</ref>		*[[G. C. Murmu]], [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India#List of Comptroller and Auditors General of India\|14th CAG of India]] and first [[lieutenant governor]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)\|Jammu and Kashmir]]<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Das \|first1=Anand ST \|title='A Tribal Boy Got a Big Opportunity': GC Murmu's Mother Elated over His Appointment as J&K's L-G \|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/a-tribal-boy-got-a-big-opportunity-gc-murmus-mother-elated-on-his-appointment-as-jks-l-g-2370675.html \|access-date=19 February 2020 \|work=News18 \|date=1 November 2019}}</ref>

	===Entertainment===		===Entertainment===
	*[[Rathin Kisku]], [[Baul]] singer.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Baul international \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/baul-international/cid/1006346 \|access-date=26 March 2020 \|work=The Telegraph \|date=18 November 2007 \|language=en}}</ref>		*[[Rathin Kisku]], [[Baul]] singer.<ref>{{cite news \|title=Baul international \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/baul-international/cid/1006346 \|access-date=26 March 2020 \|work=The Telegraph \|date=18 November 2007 \|language=en}}</ref>

	===Freedom ~~Fighter~~===		===Freedom fighters===
	*[[Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu]], leader of [[Santhal rebellion]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sailendra Nath Sen\|title=An Advanced History of Modern India\|date=2010\|publisher=Macmillan\|isbn=9780230328853\|page=120\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA1876 }}</ref>		*[[Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu]], leader of [[Santhal rebellion]].<ref>{{cite book\|last=Sailendra Nath Sen\|title=An Advanced History of Modern India\|date=2010\|publisher=Macmillan\|isbn=9780230328853\|page=120\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA1876 }}</ref>

	===Literature===		===Literature===
	*[[Turia Chand Baskey]], ~~Santali~~ writer		*[[Turia Chand Baskey]], writer
	*[[Damayanti Beshra]], ~~Santali~~ writer		*[[Damayanti Beshra]], writer<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Damayanti Beshra \|url=https://knowledge.tribal.gov.in/padma-awardees/damayanti-beshra/ \|access-date=4 May 2026 \|publisher=Ministry of Tribal Affairs of India}}</ref>
	*[[Shyam Sundar Besra]], ~~Santali~~ writer		*[[Shyam Sundar Besra]], writer
	*[[Rupchand Hansda]], writer		*[[Rupchand Hansda]], writer
	*[[Arjun Charan Hembram]], writer		*[[Arjun Charan Hembram]], writer
	*[[Sarada Prasad Kisku]], writer from Purulia		*[[Sarada Prasad Kisku]], writer from Purulia
	*[[Joba Murmu]], writer		*[[Joba Murmu]], writer
	*[[Raghunath Murmu]], ~~Inventor~~ of [[Ol Chiki script]]. He is also known as ''Olguru''.		*[[Raghunath Murmu]], inventor of [[Ol Chiki script]]. He is also known as ''Olguru''.
	*[[Sadhu Ramchand Murmu]], Santali ~~Poet~~, known as ''Kabiguru''.		*[[Sadhu Ramchand Murmu]], Santali poet, known as ''Kabiguru''.
	*[[Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar]], writer		*[[Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar]], writer
	*[[Kherwal Soren]], writer		*[[Kherwal Soren]], writer and politician

	===~~Politician~~===		===Politicians===
	*[[Birbaha Hansda]], Santali-language actress and politician, [[Cabinet Minister\|Forest Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Das \|first1=Madhuparna \|title=Santhali actress Birbaha Hansda to fight West Bengal polls \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/santhali-actress-birbaha-hansda-to-fight-west-bengal-polls/articleshow/51654930.cms?from=mdr \|access-date=8 January 2020 \|work=The Economic Times \|date=2 April 2016}}</ref>		*[[Birbaha Hansda]], Santali-language actress and politician, [[Cabinet Minister\|Forest Minister]], [[Government of West Bengal]]<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Das \|first1=Madhuparna \|title=Santhali actress Birbaha Hansda to fight West Bengal polls \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/santhali-actress-birbaha-hansda-to-fight-west-bengal-polls/articleshow/51654930.cms?from=mdr \|access-date=8 January 2020 \|work=The Economic Times \|date=2 April 2016}}</ref>
			*[[Mohan Charan Majhi]], [[Chief Minister of Odisha]]<ref>{{Cite news \|last=Barik \|first=Satyasundar \|date=11 June 2024 \|title=Mohan Charan Majhi, BJP’s vocal tribal leader who attends all village functions \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/odisha/mohan-charan-majhi-bjps-vocal-tribal-leader-who-attends-all-village-functions/article68278157.ece \|access-date=4 May 2026 \|work=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
	*[[Babulal Marandi]], first [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand\|chief minister of Jharkhand]]<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/babulal-marandi-jharkhand-lok-sabha-elections-2019-bjp-jharkhand-vikas-morcha-pm-narendra-modi-santhal-1-1072441.html\|title=जिस BJP को दिलाई थी करिश्माई जीत, बाबूलाल मरांडी का उसी से हुआ मोहभंग\|website=aajtak.intoday\|date=1 April 2019}}</ref>		*[[Babulal Marandi]], first [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand\|chief minister of Jharkhand]]<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/babulal-marandi-jharkhand-lok-sabha-elections-2019-bjp-jharkhand-vikas-morcha-pm-narendra-modi-santhal-1-1072441.html\|title=जिस BJP को दिलाई थी करिश्माई जीत, बाबूलाल मरांडी का उसी से हुआ मोहभंग\|website=aajtak.intoday\|date=1 April 2019}}</ref>
	*[[Droupadi Murmu]], 15th [[president of India]], former [[governor of Jharkhand]], former minister, [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Draupadi Murmu, to be the first president to be born after Independence \|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/draupadi-murmu-first-president-india-born-independence-1503092340.html \|access-date=22 July 2022 \|work=The Statesman \|date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Draupadi Murmu: All you need to know about India's 15th President \|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/draupadi-murmu-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-15th-president-article-93037434 \|access-date=22 July 2022 \|work=TimesNow \|date=22 July 2022}}</ref>		*[[Droupadi Murmu]], 15th [[president of India]], former [[governor of Jharkhand]], former minister, [[Government of Odisha]].<ref>{{cite news \|title=Draupadi Murmu, to be the first president to be born after Independence \|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/draupadi-murmu-first-president-india-born-independence-1503092340.html \|access-date=22 July 2022 \|work=The Statesman \|date=21 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|title=Draupadi Murmu: All you need to know about India's 15th President \|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/mirror-now/in-focus/draupadi-murmu-all-you-need-to-know-about-indias-15th-president-article-93037434 \|access-date=22 July 2022 \|work=TimesNow \|date=22 July 2022}}</ref>
	*[[Khagen Murmu]] an Indian politician and a [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)]], West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news \|title=40 Years In CPM And Now A BJP MP, This Man Embodies Left's Demise \|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/cpm-bjp-mamata-modi-west-bengal_in_5cf525b3e4b0e8085e3d7671 \|access-date=20 August 2020 \|work=HuffPost India \|date=4 June 2019 \|language=en}}</ref>		*[[Khagen Murmu]], an Indian politician and a [[Member of Parliament]] from [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)]], West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news \|title=40 Years In CPM And Now A BJP MP, This Man Embodies Left's Demise \|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/cpm-bjp-mamata-modi-west-bengal_in_5cf525b3e4b0e8085e3d7671 \|access-date=20 August 2020 \|work=HuffPost India \|date=4 June 2019 \|language=en}}</ref>
	*[[Salkhan Murmu]], Indian socio-political activist, former MP from Mayurbhanj{{Citation needed\|date=July 2024}}		*[[Salkhan Murmu]], Indian socio-political activist, former MP from Mayurbhanj{{Citation needed\|date=July 2024}}
			*[[Uma Saren]], politician, former MP from [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Jhargram]]<ref name="ET">{{cite news \|title=32 newly elected under-35 MPs & what they intend to do for their constituencies \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/32-newly-elected-under-35-mps-what-they-intend-to-do-for-their-constituencies/articleshow/35569860.cms \|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] \|access-date=14 March 2019 \|date=25 May 2014\|last1=Seetharaman \|first1=G. \|last2=Balasubramanyam \|first2=K. R. }}</ref>
	*[[Hemant Soren]], [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand\|Chief Minister of Jharkhand]]<ref name="Sorenfamily" />		*[[Hemant Soren]], [[List of chief ministers of Jharkhand\|Chief Minister of Jharkhand]]<ref name="Sorenfamily" />
	*[[Mohan Charan Majhi]], [[Chief Minister of Odisha]]
	*[[Shibu Soren]], former chief minister of Jharkhand and founder of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. He is also known as ''Disomguru''.<ref name="Sorenfamily">{{Cite web\|title=Shibu Soren\|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shibu-Soren\|access-date=3 February 2020\|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>		*[[Shibu Soren]], former chief minister of Jharkhand and founder of [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]. He is also known as ''Disomguru''.<ref name="Sorenfamily">{{Cite web\|title=Shibu Soren\|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shibu-Soren\|access-date=3 February 2020\|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref>
	*[[Uma Saren]], Politician, former MP from [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)\|Jhargram]]<ref name="ET">{{cite news \|title=32 newly elected under-35 MPs & what they intend to do for their constituencies \|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/32-newly-elected-under-35-mps-what-they-intend-to-do-for-their-constituencies/articleshow/35569860.cms \|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] \|access-date=14 March 2019 \|date=25 May 2014\|last1=Seetharaman \|first1=G. \|last2=Balasubramanyam \|first2=K. R. }}</ref>

	===Science and technology===		===Science and technology===
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	===Sports===		===Sports===
	*[[Purnima Hembram]], ~~Athlete~~<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.adivasiresurgence.com/purnima-hembram-santhal-tribe-bags-pentathlon-gold-india-asian-indoor-meet/\|title=Purnima Hembram of Santhal tribe bags pentathlon gold for India at Asian indoor meet – Adivasi Resurgence\|website=www.adivasiresurgence.com\|date=20 September 2017\|language=en-US\|access-date=7 August 2022\|archive-date=21 September 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921192632/http://www.adivasiresurgence.com/purnima-hembram-santhal-tribe-bags-pentathlon-gold-india-asian-indoor-meet/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>		*[[Purnima Hembram]], track-and-field athlete<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.adivasiresurgence.com/purnima-hembram-santhal-tribe-bags-pentathlon-gold-india-asian-indoor-meet/\|title=Purnima Hembram of Santhal tribe bags pentathlon gold for India at Asian indoor meet – Adivasi Resurgence\|website=www.adivasiresurgence.com\|date=20 September 2017\|language=en-US\|access-date=7 August 2022\|archive-date=21 September 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921192632/http://www.adivasiresurgence.com/purnima-hembram-santhal-tribe-bags-pentathlon-gold-india-asian-indoor-meet/\|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	*[[Rafayel Tudu]], football player<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.offsidebangladesh.com/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A5/?fbclid=IwAR28f9btLTSfoMCHk8mjM5MSnzp_HiHnLw_PmF_oMEFrr-j2EAzpx7RdKbY_aem_AZq2i7F2D6Fn_bF6G-vezc1M-2P3_S9t7WyDaL156I8G-Cuvg5U4UHlUyJKZGSL-rIzBKTnlnKHZxlZXMbnt3ny1\|script-title=bn:রাফায়েল টুডু : গোলকিপার থেকে বিসিএলের শীর্ষ গোলদাতা!\|trans-title=Rafael Tudu: BCL top scorer from goalkeeper!\|language=bn\|date=11 April 2024\|access-date=12 April 2024\|website=OffsideBangladesh\|archive-date=12 April 2024\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412111207/https://www.offsidebangladesh.com/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>		*[[Rafayel Tudu]], football player<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.offsidebangladesh.com/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A5/?fbclid=IwAR28f9btLTSfoMCHk8mjM5MSnzp_HiHnLw_PmF_oMEFrr-j2EAzpx7RdKbY_aem_AZq2i7F2D6Fn_bF6G-vezc1M-2P3_S9t7WyDaL156I8G-Cuvg5U4UHlUyJKZGSL-rIzBKTnlnKHZxlZXMbnt3ny1\|script-title=bn:রাফায়েল টুডু : গোলকিপার থেকে বিসিএলের শীর্ষ গোলদাতা!\|trans-title=Rafael Tudu: BCL top scorer from goalkeeper!\|language=bn\|date=11 April 2024\|access-date=12 April 2024\|website=OffsideBangladesh\|archive-date=12 April 2024\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412111207/https://www.offsidebangladesh.com/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A5/\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	*[[Shanti Mardi]], football player<ref>{{cite news \|title=গ্রামের মেয়ে থেকে জাতীয় তারকা শান্তি মার্ডি \|url=https://dhakamail.com/country/242050 \|work=Dhaka Mail \|language=bn \|date=19 July 2025 \|access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>		*[[Shanti Mardi]], football player<ref>{{cite news \|title=গ্রামের মেয়ে থেকে জাতীয় তারকা শান্তি মার্ডি \|url=https://dhakamail.com/country/242050 \|work=Dhaka Mail \|language=bn \|date=19 July 2025 \|access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>

KlaudiaDupre70: Revised and enhanced article content

2026-03-12T00:37:02Z

Revised and enhanced article content

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CleanupBot: /* Religion */clean up

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Religion: clean up

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:12, 8 October 2023
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	A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involve petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes on the Chota Nagpur Plateau like the [[Kharia people\|Kharia]], [[Munda people\|Munda]], and [[Oraon]].<ref name=tr />		A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involve petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes on the Chota Nagpur Plateau like the [[Kharia people\|Kharia]], [[Munda people\|Munda]], and [[Oraon]].<ref name=tr />

	Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy less well documented, described as animism or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals. These rituals include animal sacrifice, including cows, very unlike Brahminical Hinduism.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Bisoee \|first1=Animesh \|title=Brave show of support for arrested Santhal \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/brave-show-of-support-for-arrested-santhal/cid/1691348 \|access-date=31 May 2019 \|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)\|The Telegraph]] \|date=28 May 2019 \|language=en}}</ref~~><ref name=tr /~~>		Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy less well documented, described as animism or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals. These rituals include animal sacrifice, including cows, very unlike Brahminical Hinduism.<ref name=tr /><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Bisoee \|first1=Animesh \|title=Brave show of support for arrested Santhal \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/brave-show-of-support-for-arrested-santhal/cid/1691348 \|access-date=31 May 2019 \|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)\|The Telegraph]] \|date=28 May 2019 \|language=en}}</ref>

	According to the [[2011 Indian Census]], for combined Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar, 63% recorded their religion as 'Hinduism', while 31% practice other religions and persuasions (mainly [[Sarna sthal\|Sarna dharam]]), and 5% practice [[Christianity]]. [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community\|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=3 November 2019\|website=census.gov.in}}</ref>		According to the [[2011 Indian Census]], for combined Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar, 63% recorded their religion as 'Hinduism', while 31% practice other religions and persuasions (mainly [[Sarna sthal\|Sarna dharam]]), and 5% practice [[Christianity]]. [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community\|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=3 November 2019\|website=census.gov.in}}</ref>

Kamal Guha: Category changed

2023-07-28T01:58:34Z

Category changed

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:28, 28 July 2023
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	[[Category:Santhal\| ]]		[[Category:Santhal\| ]]
	[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]		[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
			[[Category:Ethnic groups in West Bengal]]
	[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]		[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
	[[Category:Adivasi]]		[[Category:Adivasi]]
	~~[[Category:Ethnic groups in Nepal]]~~
	[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]		[[Category:Social groups of Bihar]]
	[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]		[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]

Hembram Bakhul: Created page with "{{Short description|Ethnic group of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group..."

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Created page with "{{Short description|Ethnic group of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan}} {{EngvarB|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox ethnic group | group..."

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← Older revision		Revision as of 00:12, 8 October 2023
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	A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involve petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes on the Chota Nagpur Plateau like the [[Kharia people\|Kharia]], [[Munda people\|Munda]], and [[Oraon]].<ref name=tr />		A yearly round of rituals connected with the agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involve petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes on the Chota Nagpur Plateau like the [[Kharia people\|Kharia]], [[Munda people\|Munda]], and [[Oraon]].<ref name=tr />

	Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy less well documented, described as animism or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals. These rituals include animal sacrifice, including cows, very unlike Brahminical Hinduism.<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Bisoee \|first1=Animesh \|title=Brave show of support for arrested Santhal \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/brave-show-of-support-for-arrested-santhal/cid/1691348 \|access-date=31 May 2019 \|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)\|The Telegraph]] \|date=28 May 2019 \|language=en}}</ref~~><ref name=tr /~~>		Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy less well documented, described as animism or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from the village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals. These rituals include animal sacrifice, including cows, very unlike Brahminical Hinduism.<ref name=tr /><ref>{{cite news\|last1=Bisoee \|first1=Animesh \|title=Brave show of support for arrested Santhal \|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/brave-show-of-support-for-arrested-santhal/cid/1691348 \|access-date=31 May 2019 \|work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)\|The Telegraph]] \|date=28 May 2019 \|language=en}}</ref>

	According to the [[2011 Indian Census]], for combined Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar, 63% recorded their religion as 'Hinduism', while 31% practice other religions and persuasions (mainly [[Sarna sthal\|Sarna dharam]]), and 5% practice [[Christianity]]. [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community\|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=3 November 2019\|website=census.gov.in}}</ref>		According to the [[2011 Indian Census]], for combined Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar, 63% recorded their religion as 'Hinduism', while 31% practice other religions and persuasions (mainly [[Sarna sthal\|Sarna dharam]]), and 5% practice [[Christianity]]. [[Islam]], [[Sikhism]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Jainism]] are followed by less than 1% of the population.<ref>{{cite web\|title=ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community\|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14.html\|url-status=live\|access-date=3 November 2019\|website=census.gov.in}}</ref>