EmmettAlbritton: general improve content for consistency and cleaned formatting for clarity

2025-10-10T05:25:05Z

general improve content for consistency and cleaned formatting for clarity

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			{{Short description\|Ruler of Kangra state (c. 1765 – 1824)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2017}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2017}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=February 2017}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=February 2017}}'''Sansar Chand''' (c. 1765 – 1824) was a Rajput ruler of the [[Katoch]] dynasty of the erstwhile [[Kangra State]] in what is now the [[India]]n state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].
	[[~~File:~~Brooklyn Museum - Portrait of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.jpg\|~~right~~\|~~250px~~\|~~thumb~~\|~~Sansar~~ Chand ~~(c. 1765–1824)~~]]		{{Infobox royalty
			\| name = Sansar Chand
			\| title = Maharaja of [[Kangra State\|Kangra]]
			\| image = Brooklyn Museum - Portrait of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.jpg
			\| succession = Maharaja of [[Kangra State]]
			\| reign = 1758–1824
			\| predecessor = Ghamand Chand
			\| successor = Anirudh Chand
			\| death_date = 1824
			\| death_place = [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh]]
			\| issue = Anirudh Chand<br>[[Jodhbir Chand]]
			\| spouse 1 = Prasanna Devi
			\| dynasty = [[Katoch\|Katoch dynasty]]
			}}

	~~'''~~Sansar Chand~~''' (c~~. ~~1765 – 1824)~~ was a ~~Rajput ruler~~ of the ~~state of~~ [[Kangra~~-Lambagraon~~\|Kangra]] in ~~what is now~~ the [[~~India~~]]~~n state~~ of [[Himachal Pradesh]].		==Early life==
			[[File:Miniature painting of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra State as a young boy during his childhood.jpg\|thumb\|Miniature painting of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra State as a young boy during his childhood]]
			Sansar Chand was a scion of the [[Katoch]] dynasty, which ruled [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh\|Kangra]] for centuries until they were ousted by the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughals]] in the early 17th century. In 1758, Sansar Chand's grandfather, Ghamand Chand, was appointed governor of [[Jalandhar]] by [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]]. Sansar Chand rallied an army, ousted the Mughal governor of Kangra, Saifu Ali Khan Kaymkhani, and regained possession of his patrimony. Sansar Chand did a lot of work for the welfare of people mainly residing in nearby places apart from Kangra like [[Palampur]], [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh\|Hamirpur]]. He built many water distributaries. The water was used for farming and livestock.

			==Military career==

	==~~Early life~~==		=== Conflict with hilly states ===
	~~Sansar Chand was a scion~~ of the [[~~Katoch~~]] ~~dynasty which had ruled Kangra for some centuries until they were ousted by~~ the [[~~Mughal Empire~~\|~~Mughals~~]] in the ~~early 17th century. In 1758,~~ Sansar Chand~~'s grandfather~~, ~~Ghamand Chand, had been appointed then governor of~~ [[~~Jalandhar~~]] by [[~~Ahmed Shah Abdali~~]]. ~~Building upon this background~~, Sansar Chand ~~rallied an army~~, ~~ousted~~ the ~~Mughal governor~~ of ~~Kangra~~, ~~Saif Ali Khan~~, ~~and regained possession~~ of ~~his patrimony~~. ~~Sansar Chand did~~ a ~~lot~~ of ~~work for~~ the ~~welfare~~ of ~~people mainly residing~~ in ~~nearby places apart from Kangra like [[Palampur]]~~, [[~~Hamirpur,~~ Himachal Pradesh~~\|Hamirpur~~]]. ~~He built many water distributaries~~, ~~the water was used to feed animals and for cultivation.~~		In the historic Battle of Rehlu (1794), the [[Chamba State\|Chamba chief]], in collaboration with the [[Nurpur kingdom\|Raja of Nurpur]], confronted the formidable forces of Sansar Chand, supported by the [[Guler State\|chief of Guler]]. This pivotal clash unfolded in the Rehlu region, near present-day [[Rait, Himachal Pradesh\|Rait]] village. There, Sansar Chand orchestrated a surprise attack that proved to be decisive. The intensity of the battle was palpable, and amidst the chaos, Raja Raj Singh of Chamba met his demise on the battlefield, at Nerti. His death dealt a severe blow to the ''Chamba-Nurpur alliance'', ultimately leading to the rout of their combined forces. As a consequence of the Battle of Rehlu, the territory of Rohlu passed into the hands of the Katoch chief. This contributed to the expansion of Sansar Chand's influence in the region. Despite the victory, the Rehlu fort remained under the control of Chamba.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singh \|first=R.K. \|url=https://archive.org/details/1975-himachal-past-present-future/page/85/mode/2up \|title=Himachal–Past, Present & Future \|publisher=[[Himachal Pradesh University]] \|year=1975 \|pages=84–85}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uZsIAAAAQAAJ&dq=nerti+kangra&pg=PA55 \|title=Gazetteer of the Kangra District, 1883 \|publisher=Calcutta Central Press Company Limited \|year=1883 \|pages=61–62 \|language=en}}</ref>

	==Conflict with Sikhs and Gurkhas==		==== Conflict with Sikhs and Gurkhas ====
	During the campaign, Sansar Chand and his mercenary force overran other nearby principalities and compelled the submission of their rulers. He reigned over a relatively large part of present-day Himachal Pradesh for some two decades, but his ambitions brought him into conflict with the Gurkhas ruling the then nascent state of [[Nepal]]. The Gorkhas and the recently humbled hill-states allied to invade Kangra in 1806. Sansar Chand was defeated and left with no territory beyond the immediate vicinity of the ~~fortress of~~ [[Kangra~~, Himachal Pradesh~~\|Kangra]]. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, Gorkhas could not capture Kangra ~~fort~~ which came under [[~~Maharaja~~ Ranjit Singh]] in 1809. One of his forts is situated in the city of [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh\|Nadaun]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://himachal.nic.in/contprintcont.php?lid=11142&lang=1&dpt_id=219&cont=131&level=0&linkid=3710}}</ref>		[[File:Kangra painting of a darbar (court) scene with Sansar Chand of Kangra and Jai Singh Kanhaiya, circa 18th or 19th century.webp\|thumb\|Kangra painting of a darbar (court) scene with Sansar Chand of Kangra and Jai Singh Kanhaiya, circa 18th or 19th century]]
			During the campaign, Sansar Chand and his mercenary force overran other nearby principalities and compelled the submission of their rulers. He reigned over a relatively large part of present-day Himachal Pradesh for some two decades, but his ambitions brought him into conflict with the Gurkhas ruling the then-nascent state of [[Nepal]]. The Gorkhas and the recently humbled hill-states allied to invade Kangra in 1806. Sansar Chand was defeated and left with no territory beyond the immediate vicinity of the [[Kangra Fort\|fortress of Kangra]]. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, the Gorkhas could not capture [[Kangra Fort]] which came under Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]] in 1809. One of his forts is situated in the city of [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh\|Nadaun]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://himachal.nic.in/contprintcont.php?lid=11142&lang=1&dpt_id=219&cont=131&level=0&linkid=3710 \|title=History - Government of Himachal Pradesh, India}}</ref>{{failed verification\|date=September 2021}}

	==Later years==		==Later years==
	Sansar Chand retired to the estates thus conferred upon him by Ranjit Singh and devoted his remaining years to cultural pursuits. He died in 1824, and was succeeded in his estates and titles by his son Anirudh Chand.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/snapshort-histories/sansar-chand-the-emperor-of-the-hills/\|title=Sansar Chand – The Emperor Of The Hills}}</ref> The estate, which came under British suzerainty in 1846, was held by the progeny of Anirudh Chand until 1947, when it acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].		Sansar Chand retired to the estates thus conferred upon him by Ranjit Singh and devoted his remaining years to cultural pursuits. He died in 1824, and was succeeded in his estates and titles by his son Anirudh Chand.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/snapshort-histories/sansar-chand-the-emperor-of-the-hills/\|title=Sansar Chand – The Emperor Of The Hills\|date=17 October 2017 }}</ref> The estate, which came under British suzerainty in 1846, was held by the progeny of Anirudh Chand until 1947, when it acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].

	==Personal life==		==Personal life==
	Apart from his son Anirudh Chand, Sansar Chand had two daughters by his wife, Prasanna Devi. Both of them were wed to the Raja Sudarshan Shah of [[Tehri Garhwal]]. Sansar Chand also had issue by his second wife, a commoner Rajput lady Gulab Dasi; ~~two daughters borne by her were wed, in 1829, to [[Ranjit Singh]] and~~ also a son Raja Jodhbir Chand who established princely state of Nadaun. This is where Maharaja Sansar Chand spent his last days.		Apart from his son Anirudh Chand, Sansar Chand had two daughters by his wife, Prasanna Devi. Both of them were wed to the Raja Sudarshan Shah of [[Tehri Garhwal]]. Sansar Chand also had issue by his second wife, a commoner Rajput lady Gulab Dasi;also a son Raja [[Jodhbir Chand]] who established princely state of [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh\|Nadaun]]. This is where Maharaja Sansar Chand spent his last days.

	==Legacy==		==Legacy==
	He is remembered as a patron of the arts, and the [[Kangra paintings]].		He is remembered as a patron of the arts, and the [[Kangra paintings]].

	A museum to honour Maharaja Sansar Chand has been set up the members of the [[Katoch]] Dynasty. The museum is located near the [[Kangra Fort]] and houses the private collection of the Royal Family of Kangra.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/mirasis-song-in-praise-of-raja-sansar-chand-667301\|title=Mirasi's song in praise of Raja Sansar Chand}}}</ref>		A museum to honour Maharaja Sansar Chand has been set up by the members of the [[Katoch]] Dynasty. The museum is located near the [[Kangra Fort]] and houses the private collection of the Royal Family of Kangra.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/mirasis-song-in-praise-of-raja-sansar-chand-667301\|title=Mirasi's song in praise of Raja Sansar Chand}}</ref>

			==See also==
			* [[Kangra district]]
			* [[History of Himachal Pradesh]]

	==References==		==References==
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	[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]		[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
	[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]		[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
	[[Category:~~1765~~ births]]		[[Category:1760s births]]
	[[Category:1823 deaths]]		[[Category:1823 deaths]]
	[[Category:People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]		[[Category:People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

2021-08-08T20:25:02Z

Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
[[File:Brooklyn Museum - Portrait of Raja Sansar Chand of Kangra.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Sansar Chand (c. 1765–1824)]]

'''Sansar Chand''' (c. 1765 – 1824) was a Rajput ruler of the state of [[Kangra-Lambagraon|Kangra]] in what is now the [[India]]n state of [[Himachal Pradesh]].

==Early life==
Sansar Chand was a scion of the [[Katoch]] dynasty which had ruled Kangra for some centuries until they were ousted by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] in the early 17th century. In 1758, Sansar Chand's grandfather, Ghamand Chand, had been appointed then governor of [[Jalandhar]] by [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]]. Building upon this background, Sansar Chand rallied an army, ousted the Mughal governor of Kangra, Saif Ali Khan, and regained possession of his patrimony. Sansar Chand did a lot of work for the welfare of people mainly residing in nearby places apart from Kangra like [[Palampur]], [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]. He built many water distributaries, the water was used to feed animals and for cultivation.

==Conflict with Sikhs and Gurkhas==
During the campaign, Sansar Chand and his mercenary force overran other nearby principalities and compelled the submission of their rulers. He reigned over a relatively large part of present-day Himachal Pradesh for some two decades, but his ambitions brought him into conflict with the Gurkhas ruling the then nascent state of [[Nepal]]. The Gorkhas and the recently humbled hill-states allied to invade Kangra in 1806. Sansar Chand was defeated and left with no territory beyond the immediate vicinity of the fortress of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]]. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However, Gorkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under [[Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] in 1809. One of his forts is situated in the city of [[Nadaun, Himachal Pradesh|Nadaun]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://himachal.nic.in/contprintcont.php?lid=11142&lang=1&dpt_id=219&cont=131&level=0&linkid=3710}}</ref>

==Later years==
Sansar Chand retired to the estates thus conferred upon him by Ranjit Singh and devoted his remaining years to cultural pursuits. He died in 1824, and was succeeded in his estates and titles by his son Anirudh Chand.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/snapshort-histories/sansar-chand-the-emperor-of-the-hills/|title=Sansar Chand – The Emperor Of The Hills}}</ref> The estate, which came under British suzerainty in 1846, was held by the progeny of Anirudh Chand until 1947, when it acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]].

==Personal life==
Apart from his son Anirudh Chand, Sansar Chand had two daughters by his wife, Prasanna Devi. Both of them were wed to the Raja Sudarshan Shah of [[Tehri Garhwal]]. Sansar Chand also had issue by his second wife, a commoner Rajput lady Gulab Dasi; two daughters borne by her were wed, in 1829, to [[Ranjit Singh]] and also a son Raja Jodhbir Chand who established princely state of Nadaun. This is where Maharaja Sansar Chand spent his last days.

==Legacy==
He is remembered as a patron of the arts, and the [[Kangra paintings]].

A museum to honour Maharaja Sansar Chand has been set up the members of the [[Katoch]] Dynasty. The museum is located near the [[Kangra Fort]] and houses the private collection of the Royal Family of Kangra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/himachaltribune/mirasis-song-in-praise-of-raja-sansar-chand-667301|title=Mirasi's song in praise of Raja Sansar Chand}}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{History HP}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sansar Chand, Raja}}
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1765 births]]
[[Category:1823 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]

Sansar Chand - Revision history

EmmettAlbritton: general improve content for consistency and cleaned formatting for clarity

imported>Ira Leviton: Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss.