->Ser Amantio di Nicolao: /* top */update link, replaced: Gulbarga → Kalaburagi

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top: update link, replaced: Gulbarga → Kalaburagi

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sannathi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.829|N|76.906|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kalaburagi district|Kalaburagi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.5
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 585 218
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08474
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Yadgir
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sannati''' or '''Sannathi''' is a small village, located on the banks of the [[Bhima River]] in [[Chitapur]] taluk of [[Kalaburagi district]] of Northern [[Karnataka]]. It is famous for the Chandrala Parameshwari Temple and the excavations by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] done in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=42,3433,0,0,1,0|title=Authority set up to develop Sannati Buddhist centre|publisher=|accessdate=2008-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=42,4841,0,0,1,0
|title=Facelift for Sannati monuments at Rs 5 crore (US$ 1.23 mil)
|publisher=
|accessdate=2008-11-13
}}</ref>

==Excavations==
[[File:EdictsOfAshoka.jpg|thumb|left|Edicts Of [[Ashoka]]]]
In 1986, when the roof of the Kali temple in Chandralamba temple complex collapsed, it destroyed the idol. However it revealed four [[Ashokan edict]]s on the floor and foundation stone of the temple. These edicts were written in a [[Prakrit language]] and [[Brahmi script]] and one of them was used as foundation of the pedestal for the [[Kali]] idol.<ref name=yahoo/><ref name=hindu2009>{{cite news |title=Buddhist sites at Sannati lie neglected, says report |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/20/stories/2009012050610200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001162928/http://www.hindu.com/2009/01/20/stories/2009012050610200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2009 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=20 January 2009 }}</ref> During subsequent excavations by [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) and the State Archaeology Department, tablets, sculptures, and other [[terracotta]] items were found, and most importantly numerous [[limestone]] panels of sculptures of the ruined 'Maha [[Stupa]]' or '' Adholoka Maha Chaitya'' (the Great Stupa of the Netherworld) were found. Archaeologists believe that ''Ranamandal'' was a [[fortified]] area, spread over {{convert|86|ha|acre sqmi|lk=on}}, out of which only 2 acres had been excavated by 2009. Clay pendants, black polished pottery, [[Satavahana]] and pre-Satavahana coins, ornaments made of copper, ivory and iron, a township with paved pathways, houses, and limestone flooring have been found. Many excavated items were later shifted to [[Gulbarga]] Museum.<ref name=hindu2009/>

The government has asked the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] to take up further exploration of the Ranamandal area to know the history of the region and its connection with [[Buddhism]].

One of the stones - the only known example of its type - is of [[Emperor Asoka]] (r. 274–232 BC) seated on his throne. It is probably the only surviving image of the emperor.<ref name=yahoo>{{cite web |title=When I met Emperor Ashoka in Sannathi|url=http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/photos/when-i-met-emperor-ashoka-in-sannathi-slideshow/sannathi-intro-slide-photo-1334294049.html |date= |publisher=Yahoo }}</ref>

In 2010, ASI along with Sannati Development Authority deputed [[Manipal Institute of Technology]] to prepare a blueprint for restoration and reconstruction of the stupas<ref>{{cite news |title=Stupas of Sannati to be renovated |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article1136158.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 January 2011 }}</ref>

==Mythological references==
[[File:Ashoka with his Queens at Sannati-Kanaganahalli Stupa.jpg|thumb|[[Ashoka]] with his Queen, at Sannati ([[Kanaganahalli|Kanaganahalli Stupa]]), 1st-3rd century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131711200 |page=333 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA333 |language=en}}</ref>]]
[[File:Ashoka in the Kanaganahalli inscription.jpg|thumb|The words ''"Raya Asoko"'' in [[Brahmi script]] inscribed on the relief identify king [[Ashoka]] as the subject matter.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thapar |first1=Romila |title=Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199088683 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoAyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT27 |language=en}}</ref>]]
Sannati is the place where the Paduka of Goddess Chandrala Parmeshwari - Incarnation of Goddess [[Lakshmi]] - was brought. The Goddess came up to the banks of River Bhima at Hongunti, to save her devotee Chandravadani, wife of a rishi, held captive by the local king Setu Raya. Hingulambika temple is situated at Hongunti near Shabad town. The Goddess sent her Paduka from which emerged 5 bumblebees, which killed the evil king Setu Raya by drowning him in the Bhima River. Sannati Chandrala Parmeshwari and Hongunti Hingulambika are family deity of many Brahmin and Hindus families of Karnataka, Maharasta, AP etc.

Sannati is also the place where Rishi [[Markandeya]] meditated and composed parts of Markandeya Upanishad. A small temple has been renovated at the place where he is believed to have sat in meditation. It is said that Rishi Markandeya predates the arrival of Paduka of Chandrala Parmeshwari.

==Visitors' attractions==
Other places worth visiting nearby are: Yergol, where Tikacharya elaborated (key book) on the works of Madwacharya, Malkhed- Brundavan of Sri Jayatheertharu (Tikachryaru); Hongunti; Konchur Hanuman Temple; Balavadagi yallamma (Renuka) temple; Halakatti Veerabhadreshwara temple; Martur – the place where Vignaneshwar edited and condensed Yagnavyalka Smriti, which was named Mitakshara, now known as Hindu Law.

==Transport==
Sannati can be reached by rail via Nalwar Station or Wadi Junction. Some trains do not stop at Nalwar. All trains stop at Wadi Junction. Wadi to Nalwar fare by bus is Rs.15/- Nalwar to Sannati is about Rs.20/- by bus, and Rs.25 by sharing autos. Whole auto can be hired at Rs.300/- max. Sannati can also be reached via Shahapur by car. About 10 rooms are presently available at Sannati. BSNL, JIO and Airtel Mobile networks work well, and two small canteens meet the needs of visitors. Carry mosquito repellent creams - electricity is erratic and rooms are not well ventilated.

==Kanaganahalli==
[[Kanaganahalli]] is 3 km from Sannati, which is also on the banks of the river [[Bhima]].

As this is an important Buddhist site, Govt of Karnataka and ASI are planning to develop it as an international Buddhist center.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/22/stories/2008122251400300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103175035/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/22/stories/2008122251400300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-11-03
|title=Kanaganalli to be developed as International Buddhist Centre
|accessdate=2008-12-22
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2008-12-22
}}</ref>

It is the place where an ancient [[Buddhist]] Mahastupa site was found.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://kannadasiri.kar.nic.in/archaeology/eng/E17_Gulbarga.htm
|title=GULBARGA DISTRICT
|publisher=
|accessdate=2008-11-13
}}</ref>

==Chandrala Parameshwari Temple==
Additionally, Sannati has a famous temple of Chandrala Parameshwari.

==See also==
* [[Kanaganahalli]]
* [[North Karnataka]]
* [[Tourism in North Karnataka]]
* [[Buddhism in North Karnataka]]

==Further reading==
* ''Interim report on the excavations at Sannati, 1993-95'', by D.V. Devaraj, H.T. Talwar. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums in Mysore, 1996.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.deccanherald.com/content/226903/sannathis-smiling-buddha.html Sannati]
{{Gulbarga topics}}

{{Edicts of Ashoka}}

[[Category:Villages in Kalaburagi district]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Buddhism in India]]

Sannati - Revision history

->Ser Amantio di Nicolao: /* top */update link, replaced: Gulbarga → Kalaburagi