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{{Short description|Brahmana text of Rigaveda}}
{{Infobox religious text|background=[[Rigaveda]]|religion=[[Sanatana]] [[Hinduism]]|name=Sankhyayana Brahmana|previous=|footnotes=Second survived [[Brahmana]] text of [[Rigveda|Rigaveda]]|author=Vedic sages Kaushitaki and [[Sankhyayana]]|period=Vedic Period|chapters=30|language=[[Sanskrit]]|misc=Earlier name "Kaushitaki Brahmana"|orig_lang_code=|title_orig=}}
'''Sankhyayana Brahmana''' ([[Sanskrit]]: शाङ्खायनब्राह्मणम्) ([[Romanization|Romanised]]: Śāṅkhyāyana Brāhmaṇa) is an ancient ''[[Brahmana]]'' text of [[Rigveda]]. It is also called the ''Kaushitaki Brahmana''. The text is associated with ''Baskala Shakha'' of Rigaveda. The text is attributed to the Vedic sage ''Kaushitaki'' and his disciple ''[[Sankhyayana]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=flipbook |url=https://vedicheritage.gov.in/flipbook/Shankhayana_Brahmanam/#book/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=vedicheritage.gov.in}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Cowell |first=E. B. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.344865 |title=Kaushitaki-brahmana-upanishad |date=1861}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Guptā |first=Pushpā |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrhFAQAAIAAJ |title=Saṃskr̥ta sāhitya kā viśada itihāsa |date=1994 |publisher=Īsṭarna Buka Liṅkarsa |isbn=978-81-85133-92-8 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WZpJDMVHOzYC&q=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5 |title=Bhartiya Aryabhasha Aur Hindi |date=2004-09-01 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-267-0933-5 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Description ==
Sankhyayana Brahmana is the second available and preserved [[Brahmana]] text of the [[Rigveda|Rigaveda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brahmana {{!}} Hindu Literature, Rituals & Vedic Texts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmana |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The text is divided into 30 chapters and 226 ''Khandas''. It is said that Kaushitaki was the teacher of Sankhyayana. He imparted the knowledge of the text to his disciple Sankhyayana. Then Sankhyayana nominated the name of the text as Kaushitaki Brahmana after his teacher name. But later the text was called as Sankhyayana Brahmana. The text is also mentioned in the commentary of [[Brahma Sutras|Brahman Sutra]] by [[Adi Shankara|Shankracharya]]. Similarly the Vedic sage and Sanskrit grammarian [[Pāṇini|Panini]] in his text [[Aṣṭādhyāyī|Astadhyayai]] mentioned about the text.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Keith |first=Arthur Berriedaled |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.23771 |title=Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas of the Rigveda |date=1920 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brahmana Granthas |url=https://www.sanskrit.nic.in/about_sanskrit.php#brahmanagranthas |website=[[Central Sanskrit University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kausitaki (Shankhayana) Brahmana {{!}} Vedic Heritage Portal |url=https://vedicheritage.gov.in/brahmanas/kausitaki-shankhyayana-brahmana/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=vedicheritage.gov.in}}</ref>

It is said that the text Sankhyayana Brahmana is generally not mentioned in [[Puranas]] but in [[Agni Purana]] its mention is found at the second shloka of chapter 271.<ref>{{Cite web |title=शाङ्खायनब्राह्मणम्: The Sankhayana Brahmana (Containing the Original Sanskrit Text with Hindi Translation Introduction and Appendices) - An Old and Rare Book {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/sankhayana-brahmana-containing-original-sanskrit-text-with-hindi-translation-introduction-and-appendices-old-and-rare-book-nzi625/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2021-11-15 |title=The different recensions of the Vedas (śākha) [Chapter 271] |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-agni-purana/d/doc1083500.html |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref>

{{Quotes|text="bhedaḥ sāṅkhyāyanaścaika āśvalāyano dvitīyakaḥ, śatāni daśa mantrāṇāṃ brāhmaṇā dvisahasrakaṃ"|source=Agni Purana - 271.2}}

In the Sankhyayana Brahmana, the rules and instructions of human conduct have been described. Apart from the human conduct, it also describes some astronomical events in its passages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vahia |first1=Mayank |last2=Sôma |first2=Mitsuru |date=2023-09-22 |title=AN EXAMINATION OF 'ATRI'S ECLIPSE' AS DESCRIBED IN THE RIG VEDA |url=https://www.sciengine.com/JAHH/doi/10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2023.06.35;JSESSIONID=4fb3b0ba-d4ae-4665-b6c8-f804e8d99085 |journal=Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage |language=en-US |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=405–410 |doi=10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2023.06.35 |issn=1440-2807 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909180025/https://www.sciengine.com/JAHH/doi/10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2023.06.35;JSESSIONID=4fb3b0ba-d4ae-4665-b6c8-f804e8d99085 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first six chapters of the text describe about the Yajna of food and the remaining chapters describe about the Yajna of Soma. The [[Somayajna|Soma Yajna]] in the Vedic tradition is considered as the major subject of the text.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anurag |first=Dr |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgngEAAAQBAJ&q=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5 |title=History of Ancient Indian (From Earliest Time to C.A.D. 319): e-Book for e-Book for B.A., First Semester 1st SEMESTER, Haryana NEP |date=2023-10-30 |publisher=Thakur Publication Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5755-713-9 |language=hi}}</ref>

== Contents ==
The chapters of the text is called ''Adhyaya''. There are 30 Adhyayas in the text.

=== Chapter 1 ===
The first Adhyaya having five verses discusses about the establishment of [[Agni]]. The verses are attributed to the sacred offerings to different forms of Agni, the attainment of pre and post offerings by Agni, the time of re-establishment of Agni, pre and post offerings and the portion of butters. The last verse is attributed to the Vibhaktis and offerings to Goddess [[Aditi]].<ref name=":2" />

=== Chapter 2 ===
The second Adhyaya or chapter of the text have nine verses. The chapter discusses about the [[Agnihotra]].

=== Chapter 3 ===
The third chapter discusses about the offerings to the new and the full [[Chandra|moon]]. It contains nine verses.

=== Chapter 4 ===
The fourth chapter of the text discusses about some special Yajnas attributed to sages. There fourteen verses in the chapter.

=== Chapter 5 ===
The fifth chapter discusses about the four monthly Yajnas. In this chapter there are ten verses attributed to [[Visvedevas|Viswadevas]], ''Varunapraghasas'', ''Sakamedhas'' and father, etc.

=== Chapter 6 ===
The sixth chapter discusses about the [[Brahmin]] priest. There are fifteen verses in this chapter which discusses about the activities of [[Prajapati]], part of the [[Brahmin]] priests and [[Haviryaga|Haviryajna]].

=== Onward Chapters upto Chapter 30 ===
The chapters onwards to the sixth chapter discuss about the Yajnas related to the ''Soma''. These Yajnas are called as [[Somayajna]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Vedas]]
[[Category:Rigveda]]
[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Indian religious texts]]
{{Hinduism-stub}}

Sankhyayana Brahmana - Revision history

Souravroyjournalist: made a data.