Sankara Varman - Revision history

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	{{~~About~~\|~~the~~ mathematician~~\|the [[Utpala dynasty]] king\|Sankara Varman~~ (~~king~~)}}		{{Short description\|Indian astronomer and mathematician (1774–1839)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}
	<!--{{Refimprove\|date=February 2010}}-->		<!--{{Refimprove\|date=February 2010}}-->
	'''Sankara Varman''' (1774–1839) was an [[astronomer]]-[[mathematician]] belonging to the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]]. He is best known as the author of [[Sadratnamala]], a treatise on astronomy and mathematics, composed in 1819. Sankara Varman is considered as the last notable figure in the long line of illustrious astronomers and mathematicians in the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics beginning with [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]]. [[Sadratnamala]] was composed in the traditional style followed by members of the Kerala school at a time when [[India]] had been introduced to the western style of mathematics and of writing books in mathematics. One of Varman's contribution to mathematics was his computation of the value of the mathematical constant [[Pi\|π]] correct to 17 decimal places.		'''Sankara Varman''' (1774–1839) was an [[astronomer]]-[[mathematician]] belonging to the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]]. He is best known as the author of [[Sadratnamala]], a treatise on astronomy and mathematics, composed in 1819. Sankara Varman is considered as the last notable figure in the long line of illustrious astronomers and mathematicians in the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics beginning with [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]]. [[Sadratnamala]] was composed in the traditional style followed by members of the Kerala school at a time when India had been introduced to the western style of mathematics and of writing books in mathematics. One of Varman's contribution to mathematics was his computation of the value of the mathematical constant [[Pi\|π]] correct to 17 decimal places.

	==Biographical sketch==		==Biographical sketch==
			Varman was born as a younger prince in the principality of Katattanad<!--Kadathanadu?-->, in [[North Malabar]], [[Kerala]], in the year 1774. He had two elder brothers, the eldest being Raja Udaya varma, the ruler of the principality, and second one being Rama Varma<!-- not sure which one -->, the crown prince. Local people referred to Varman as Appu Thampuran. Katattanad principality was under the suzerainty of the [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode\|Calicut]]. The family deity of Sankara Varman was Goddess [[Parvati]] installed in the temple of Lokamalayarkavu and he was also a devotee of Lord [[Krisna]].<ref name="Sarma">{{cite journal\|last=Sarma\|first=K.V.\|author-link=K. V. Sarma\|date=2001\|title=Sadratnamala of Sankara Varman\|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science\|publisher=Indian National Academy of Science, New Delhi\|volume=36\|issue=3–4 (Supplement)\|pages=1–58\|url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf\|access-date=17 December 2009\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140113/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf\|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref>
	Varman was born as a younger prince in the principality of Katattanad<!--Kadathanadu?-->, in [[North Malabar]], [[Kerala]], in the year 1774. He had two elder brothers, the eldest being Raja Udaya varma, the ruler of the principality, and second one being Rama Varma<!-- not sure which one -->, the crown prince. Local people referred to Varman as Appu Thampuran. Katattanad principality was under the suzerainty of the [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode\|Calicut]]. The family deity of Sankara Varman was Goddess [[Parvati]] installed in the temple of Lokamalayarkavu and he was also a devotee of Lord [[Krisna]].<ref name="Sarma">{{cite journal\|last=Sarma\|first=K.V.\|~~authorlink~~=K. V. Sarma\|date=2001\|title=Sadratnamala of Sankara Varman\|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science\|publisher=Indian National Academy of Science, New Delhi\|volume=36\|issue=3–4 (Supplement)\|pages=1–58\|url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf\|~~accessdate~~=17 December 2009\|url-status=dead\|~~archiveurl~~=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140113/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf\|~~archivedate~~=2 April 2015}}</ref>

	Varman completed the composition of [[Sadratnamala]] in 1819. He also wrote a [[Malayalam]] commentary on [[Sadratnamala]]. Two versions of the text of [[Sadratnamala]] and their commentaries have been discovered. A critical examination of the manuscripts suggests that both are written by Varman, one being a revision of the other.<ref name="Sarma"/>		Varman completed the composition of [[Sadratnamala]] in 1819. He also wrote a [[Malayalam]] commentary on [[Sadratnamala]]. Two versions of the text of [[Sadratnamala]] and their commentaries have been discovered. A critical examination of the manuscripts suggests that both are written by Varman, one being a revision of the other.<ref name="Sarma"/>
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	==Whish's acquaintance==		==Whish's acquaintance==

	Varman was a close acquaintance of [[C.M. Whish]] a civil servant of [[East India Company]] attached to its Madras establishment.{{Citation needed\|date= April 2018}} Whish spoke of him and his work thus: "The author of Sadratnamalah is SANCARA VARMA, the younger brother of the present Raja of Cadattanada near Tellicherry, a very intelligent man and acute mathematician. This work, which is a complete system of Hindu astronomy, is comprehended in two hundred and eleven verses of different measures, and abounds with fluxional forms and series, to be found in no work of foreign or other Indian countries." Whish was the first to bring to the notice of the western mathematical scholarship the achievements of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.<ref>{{Citation		Varman was a close acquaintance of [[C.M. Whish]] a civil servant of [[East India Company]] attached to its Madras establishment.{{Citation needed\|date= April 2018}} Whish spoke of him and his work thus: "The author of Sadratnamalah is SANCARA VARMA, the younger brother of the present Raja of Cadattanada near Tellicherry, a very intelligent man and acute mathematician. This work, which is a complete system of Hindu astronomy, is comprehended in two hundred and eleven verses of different measures, and abounds with fluxional forms and series, to be found in no work of foreign or other Indian countries." Whish was the first to bring to the notice of the western mathematical scholarship the achievements of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.<ref>{{Citation
	\| author =C.M. Whish \| author-link =Charles Whish		\| author =C.M. Whish \| author-link =Charles Whish

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{{About|the mathematician|the [[Utpala dynasty]] king|Sankara Varman (king)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

'''Sankara Varman''' (1774–1839) was an [[astronomer]]-[[mathematician]] belonging to the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]]. He is best known as the author of [[Sadratnamala]], a treatise on astronomy and mathematics, composed in 1819. Sankara Varman is considered as the last notable figure in the long line of illustrious astronomers and mathematicians in the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics beginning with [[Madhava of Sangamagrama]]. [[Sadratnamala]] was composed in the traditional style followed by members of the Kerala school at a time when [[India]] had been introduced to the western style of mathematics and of writing books in mathematics. One of Varman's contribution to mathematics was his computation of the value of the mathematical constant [[Pi|π]] correct to 17 decimal places.

==Biographical sketch==

Varman was born as a younger prince in the principality of Katattanad, in [[North Malabar]], [[Kerala]], in the year 1774. He had two elder brothers, the eldest being Raja Udaya varma, the ruler of the principality, and second one being Rama Varma, the crown prince. Local people referred to Varman as Appu Thampuran. Katattanad principality was under the suzerainty of the [[Zamorin]] of [[History of Kozhikode|Calicut]]. The family deity of Sankara Varman was Goddess [[Parvati]] installed in the temple of Lokamalayarkavu and he was also a devotee of Lord [[Krisna]].<ref name="Sarma">{{cite journal|last=Sarma|first=K.V.|authorlink=K. V. Sarma|date=2001|title=Sadratnamala of Sankara Varman|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science|publisher=Indian National Academy of Science, New Delhi|volume=36|issue=3–4 (Supplement)|pages=1–58|url=http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf|accessdate=17 December 2009|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140113/http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b67_s1.pdf|archivedate=2 April 2015}}</ref>

Varman completed the composition of [[Sadratnamala]] in 1819. He also wrote a [[Malayalam]] commentary on [[Sadratnamala]]. Two versions of the text of [[Sadratnamala]] and their commentaries have been discovered. A critical examination of the manuscripts suggests that both are written by Varman, one being a revision of the other.<ref name="Sarma"/>

During the invasion of [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]] by [[Tipu Sultan/Hyder Ali]] during 1766 - 1781, many people including members of royal families fled Malabar and took shelter in [[Travancore]]. This brought the principality of Katattanad also into close contact with the [[Travancore]] Royal Family. Varman was especially attached to Maharaja [[Swati Tirunal]] (1813–47).<ref name="Sarma"/>

Varman was an astute [[astrologer]]. There is a [[legend]] that he predicted the time of his own death as being in 1839, the year in which he died.<ref name="Sarma"/>

==Whish's acquaintance==

Varman was a close acquaintance of [[C.M. Whish]] a civil servant of [[East India Company]] attached to its Madras establishment.{{Citation needed|date= April 2018}} Whish spoke of him and his work thus: "The author of Sadratnamalah is SANCARA VARMA, the younger brother of the present Raja of Cadattanada near Tellicherry, a very intelligent man and acute mathematician. This work, which is a complete system of Hindu astronomy, is comprehended in two hundred and eleven verses of different measures, and abounds with fluxional forms and series, to be found in no work of foreign or other Indian countries." Whish was the first to bring to the notice of the western mathematical scholarship the achievements of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.<ref>{{Citation
| author =C.M. Whish | author-link =Charles Whish
| date = 1834
| title = On the Hindu Quadrature of the circle and the infinite series of the proportion of the circumference to the diameter exhibited in the four Sastras, the Tantra Sahgraham, Yucti Bhasha, Carana Padhati and Sadratnamala
| journal = Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
| publisher = [[Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]
| doi=10.1017/S0950473700001221
| volume=3
| issue=3
| pages=509–523
| jstor=25581775
| url =https://zenodo.org/record/2223599
}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian mathematics}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varman, Sankara}}
[[Category:Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]]
[[Category:Hindu astronomy]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:1774 births]]
[[Category:1839 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Kozhikode district]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian astronomers]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]